A Winding Road to Health Care Equity in Sickle Cell Disease.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic disorder where red blood cells sickle, causing anemia and pain. Historically linked to marginalized groups, SCD saw little progress in treatment strategies for decades. Addressing these requires holistic strategies including dedicated centers, education, patient inclusion, and tackling implicit bias.

History, Advances, and Challenges of Sickle Cell Disease Treatment.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is marked by red blood cells that deform into a sickle shape, causing severe health complications. Historic neglect and slow therapeutic progress have left many, especially African descendants, vulnerable. Recent treatment strides include novel drugs and gene therapy, promising improved management.

Surviving septic patients endotyped with a functional assay demonstrate active immune responses.

Introduction: Sepsis is a complex clinical syndrome characterized by a heterogenous host immune response. Historically, static protein and transcriptomic metrics have been employed to describe the underlying biology. Here, we tested the hypothesis that functional TNF expression as well as an immunologic endotype based on both IFNγ and TNF expression could be used to model clinical outcomes in sepsis patients.

Physician development through interprofessional workplace interactions: A critical review.

Introduction: Increasingly, medical training aims to develop physicians who are competent collaborators. Although interprofessional interactions are inevitable elements of medical trainees' workplace learning experiences, the existing literature lacks a cohesive model to conceptualise the learning potential residing in these interactions.

Methods: We conducted a critical review of the health professions and related educational literatures to generate an empirically and theoretically informed description of medical trainees' workplace interactions with other health professionals, including learning mechanisms and outcomes.

Trauma-induced coagulopathy across age pediatric groups: A retrospective cohort study evaluating testing and frequency.

Background: Trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC) is associated with negative outcomes. Pediatric TIC has been described most often in older children. Children undergo normal developmental hemostasis, but it is unknown how this process impacts the risk of TIC across childhood.

Data-independent acquisition proteomic analysis of the brain microvasculature in Alzheimer's disease identifies major pathways of dysfunction and upregulation of cytoprotective responses.

Brain microvascular dysfunction is an important feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). To better understand the brain microvascular molecular signatures of AD, we processed and analyzed isolated human brain microvessels by data-independent acquisition liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (DIA LC-MS/MS) to generate a quantitative dataset at the peptide and protein level. Brain microvessels were isolated from parietal cortex grey matter using protocols that preserve viability for downstream functional studies.

CSF and blood levels of Neurofilaments, T-Tau, P-Tau, and Abeta-42 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Recent literature suggests that markers of neuroaxonal damage, such as neurofilaments and tau protein, might serve as potential biomarkers for ALS. We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis study to compare cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood levels of total tau (t-tau), phosphorylated tau (p-tau), amyloid beta peptide 42 (Abeta-42), and neurofilaments in ALS patients and controls. A systematic search of Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, and ISI Web of Science was conducted on March 18, 2022, and updated on January 26, 2023.

Association Between Neuromuscular Blocking Agents and Outcomes of Emergency Tracheal Intubation: A Secondary Analysis of Randomized Trials.

Study Objective: To examine the association between the neuromuscular blocking agent received (succinylcholine versus rocuronium) and the incidences of successful intubation on the first attempt and severe complications during tracheal intubation of critically ill adults in an emergency department (ED) or ICU.

Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of data from 2 multicenter randomized trials in critically ill adults undergoing tracheal intubation in an ED or ICU. Using a generalized linear mixed-effects model with prespecified baseline covariates, we examined the association between the neuromuscular blocking agent received (succinylcholine versus rocuronium) and the incidences of successful intubation on the first attempt (primary outcome) and severe complications during tracheal intubation (secondary outcome).

Racial-ethnicity group distributions of blood product use in acute trauma care transfusion.

Background: Recent studies suggest Black patients are transfused less often and at lower hemoglobin levels than White patients. In elective surgery, Black and Non-White patients have greater estimated blood loss and transfusion frequency. We asked whether similar transfusion disparities are observable in acute trauma resuscitation.

Blood transfusion in injured older adults: A retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: We asked how increasing age interacts with transfusion and mortality among older injured adults at our large regional trauma center.

Background: Older adults are increasing proportions of acute trauma care and transfusion, but the specific interactions of increasing age with blood product use are unclear.

Methods/materials: Trauma data (age, injury severity, mechanism, etc.

Heritable Thrombophilia and Increased Risk for Venous Thromboembolism Despite Thromboprophylaxis After Pelvis or Acetabulum Fracture.

Objectives: Individuals with pelvic and acetabular fractures are at high risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). The purpose of this study was to determine whether serum markers for thrombophilia and rapid thromboelastography (r-TEG) values correlate with increased VTE risk among patients with pelvic and acetabular fractures.

Design: Prospective observational study.

Implementation and Evaluation of a Home-Based Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Monitoring Option: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: HIV prevention is a public health priority. Despite progress in recent years, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use remains suboptimal especially among groups disproportionately impacted by new HIV diagnoses such as gender and sexual minorities of color. Multiple barriers including a lack of PrEP providers and challenges with attending quarterly monitoring visits contribute to low PrEP uptake and retention.

L5-S1 facet joint pathology in pelvic ring injuries.

Background: The authors believe that the L5-S1 facet joint injury in the setting of pelvic fractures is underappreciated by orthopedic traumatologists. The purpose of this study was to draw attention to the L5/S1 facet joint in the setting of pelvic ring injuries.

Methods: This was a retrospective comparative study of all patients greater than or equal to 18 years of age with an acute pelvic ring injury (AO/OTA 62 B to C) presenting to a single level I trauma center.

The Implementation of Enhanced Recovery After Spine Surgery in High and Low/Middle-income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

In this review article, we explore the implementation and outcomes of enhanced recovery after spine surgery (spine ERAS) across different World Bank country-income levels. A systematic literature search was conducted through PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and CINAHL databases for articles on the implementation of spine ERAS in both adult and pediatric populations. Study characteristics, ERAS elements, and outcomes were analyzed and meta-analyses were performed for length of stay (LOS) and cost outcomes.

An Exploratory Analysis of ChatGPT Compared to Human Performance With the Anesthesiology Oral Board Examination: Initial Insights and Implications.

Background: Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT) has been tested and has passed various high-level examinations. However, it has not been tested on an examination such as the American Board of Anesthesiology (ABA) Standardized Oral Examination (SOE). The SOE is designed to assess higher-level competencies, such as judgment, organization, adaptability to unexpected clinical changes, and presentation of information.