Impacts of bio-carriers on the characteristics of soluble microbial products in a hybrid membrane bioreactor for treating mariculture wastewater.

To gain greater insights into impacts of bio-carriers on the fate and characteristics of soluble microbial products (SMPs) for mariculture wastewater treatment, the hybrid membrane bioreactor (HMBR) and conventional membrane bioreactor (CMBR) were investigated. Both protein and polysaccharide exhibited lower level in HMBR (8.95 ± 0.

An oxic/anoxic-integrated and Fe/C micro-electrolysis-mediated vertical constructed wetland for decentralized low-carbon greywater treatment.

The treatment of decentralized low-carbon greywater in rural area, particularly in cold weather, remains a challenge. Oxic/anoxic process and Fe/C micro-electrolysis were incorporated into vertical constructed wetland to develop ME-(O/A)CW for practical decentralized low-carbon greywater treatment. ME-(O/A)CW provided NH-N, TN, TP and COD removal of 94.

A Single-Dataset-Based Pre-Processing Joint Domain Localized Algorithm for Clutter-Suppression in Shipborne High-Frequency Surface-Wave Radar.

Due to the motion of the platform, the spectrum of first-order sea clutter will widen and mask low-velocity targets such as ships in shipborne high-frequency surface-wave radar (HFSWR). Limited by the quantity of qualified training samples, the performance of the generally used clutter-suppression method, space-time adaptive processing (STAP) degrades in shipborne HFSWR. To deal with this problem, an innovative training sample acquisition method is proposed, in the area of joint domain localized (JDL) reduced-rank STAP.

[Performance and Membrane Fouling Characteristics of Mariculture Wastewater Treated by Anoxic MBR-MMR].

An anoxic membrane bioreactor-microalgae membrane reactor coupling system (anoxic MBR-MMR) was used to deal with mariculture wastewater. Pre-anoxic MBR was used for the degradation of organic matter, NO-N and NO-N, and the released NH-N entered MMR for microalgae growth and was removed. Meanwhile, the treatment efficiency and the microalgae recovery were studied, and the membrane fouling behavior was investigated.

Mathematical modeling of PDGF-driven glioma reveals the dynamics of immune cells infiltrating into tumors.

Background: Tumor-infiltrated immune cells compose a significant component of many cancers. They have been observed to have contradictory impacts on tumors. Although the primary reasons for these observations remain elusive, it is important to understand how immune cells infiltrating into tumors is regulated.

Effect of Al Content in Magnesium Alloy on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Laser-Welded Mg/Ti Dissimilar Joints.

Laser penetration welding of magnesium alloys and pure titanium TA2 with unequal thickness was performed. Mg base metal with different Al content (AZ31B, AZ61A, AZ91D) was used to investigate the influence of Al element in microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg/Ti dissimilar joints. The results revealed that the change of Mg base metal did not influence the weld appearance of the joints.

A novel heating-assisted density separation method for extracting microplastics from sediments.

Microplastics (MPs) pollution in the marine has become a global concern. To obtain accurate measurements of MPs in the marine sediments is important for understanding its effects and potential risks to the environment. In this study, we developed a novel method for extracting MPs from sediments by density flotation of sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaHPO) solution, which utilized the heating-assisted to increase the density of separation solution.

New Constitutive Model for the Size Effect on Flow Stress Based on the Energy Conservation Law.

In this study, a new model involving energy is established to characterize the size effect on flow stress. The new model treats the experimental machine and the specimen as an isolated system, and this isolated system satisfies the Energy Conservation Law. The total work performed on the specimen by the experimental machine is nearly equal to the energy consumed by the specimen plastic deformation and the energy consumed by friction (which can be ignored when working without friction).

Enhanced Transformation of Cr(VI) by Heterocyclic-N within Nitrogen-Doped Biochar: Impact of Surface Modulatory Persistent Free Radicals (PFRs).

Redox processes mediated by biochar(BC) enhanced the transformation of Cr(VI), which is largely dependent on the presence of PFRs as electron donors. Natural or artificial dopants in BC's could regulate inherent carbon configuration and PFRs. Until recently, the modulation of PFRs and transformation of Cr(VI) in BC by nonmetal-heterocyclic dopants was barely studied.

Robust Adaptive Beamforming with Optimal Covariance Matrix Estimation in the Presence of Gain-Phase Errors.

An adaptive beamformer is sensitive to model mismatch, especially when the desired signal exists in the training samples. Focusing on the problem, this paper proposed a novel adaptive beamformer based on the interference-plus-noise covariance (INC) matrix reconstruction method, which is robust with gain-phase errors for uniform or sparse linear array. In this beamformer, the INC matrix is reconstructed by the estimated steering vector (SV) and the corresponding individual powers of the interference signals, as well as noise power.

Investigation for Synergies of Ionic Strength and Flow Velocity on Colloidal-Sized Microplastic Transport and Deposition in Porous Media Using the Colloidal-AFM Probe.

Studies that explore the transport and retention behavior of colloidal-sized microplastic (MP) with focusing on the governing mechanisms for their attachment and detachment process using colloidal-atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) were still limited. In the present study, multiscale investigations ranging from pore-scale column test to microscale visualization and eventually to nanoscale interfacial and adhesive force measurement were conducted. Pore- and microscale tests were conducted at various flow velocity and over a broad range of IS values and found that IS and flow velocity could synergically impact the deposition of MPs during filtration, in particular under unfavorable condition at small flow velocity.

Stochastic growth pattern of untreated human glioblastomas predicts the survival time for patients.

Glioblastomas are highly malignant brain tumors. Knowledge of growth rates and growth patterns is useful for understanding tumor biology and planning treatment logistics. Based on untreated human glioblastoma data collected in Trondheim, Norway, we first fit the average growth to a Gompertz curve, then find a best fitted white noise term for the growth rate variance.

High-Performance Electromagnetic Wave Absorbing CNT/SiC Composites: Synthesis, Tuning, and Mechanism.

High-performance electromagnetic (EM) wave absorbing materials are strongly desired in many fields like portable devices and aircraft. Introducing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to certain materials has been proved to be an effective method leading to good EM wave absorption capability. In this work, CNTs are successfully synthesized on SiC fibers with high speed by using a newly developed method which is far more efficient than the commonly used one.

Microstructure Characterization of Reversed Transformation in Cryogenically Rolled 22MnB5.

Hot stamping is a well-known process to produce structural automotive parts with an excellent strength-to-weight ratio. However, this process is more expensive due to the lower energy efficiency and operating cost of the traditional roller-hearth furnace. Additionally, lower ductility and toughness are commonly recognized as the main disadvantages of the current hot stamped ultra-high-strength parts.

Investigating the Advantages of Ultrasonic-assisted Welding Technique Applied in Underwater Wet Welding by in-situ X-ray Imaging Method.

In this study, the effects of ultrasonic on melt pool dynamic, microstructure, and properties of underwater wet flux-cored arc welding (FCAW) joints were investigated. Ultrasonic vibration enhanced melt flow and weld pool oscillation. Grain fragmentation caused by cavitation changed microstructure morphology and decreased microstructure size.

Nebulization prior to ionization for mechanistic studies of chemical reactions.

Many important chemical transformations proceed by way of ionic and/or neutral intermediates. Great effort has been expended to understand the mechanism, with only minimum attention given to separate associated ionic and neutral intermediates. Herein, we present a nebulization method followed by on-line ionization to isolate and characterize the ionic and neutral intermediates.

Iron-carbon galvanic cells strengthened anaerobic/anoxic/oxic process (Fe/C-A2O) for high-nitrogen/phosphorus and low-carbon sewage treatment.

The treatment of sewage with high-nitrogen/-phosphorus and low-carbon remains a challenge. A novel iron-carbon galvanic cells strengthened anaerobic/anoxic/oxic process (Fe/C-A2O) was developed for high-nitrogen/-phosphorus and low-carbon sewage treatment. The cost-effective iron-scraps (ISs) was recycled as Fe(0)-source under the mediation of Fe/C galvanic cell reaction to develop effective Fe(0)-oxidizing autotrophic-denitrification and -dephosphorization.

A systematic investigation of the catalytic performances of monolayer carbon nitride nanosheets CN.

Graphitic carbon nitrides (CNs) are potential candidate materials for the electro-catalytic industry due to their unique physical and chemical properties. However, to date, a full understanding of the electro-catalytic properties of CNs is still lacking. Herein, by using density functional theory calculations, we systematically investigate the catalytic performances in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), N2 reduction reaction (NRR), and CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) of monolayer graphitic carbon nitrides (C1-xNx), C3N (x = 1/4), C2N (x = 1/3), and g-C3N4 (x = 4/7).

Polarization-Sensitive Self-Powered Type-II GeSe/MoS van der Waals Heterojunction Photodetector.

Polarization-sensitive photodetectors are highly desirable for high-performance optical signal capture and stray light shielding in order to enhance the capability for detection and identification of targets in dark, haze, and other complex environments. Usually, filters and polarizers are utilized for conventional devices to achieve polarization-sensitive detection. Herein, to simplify the optical system, a two-dimensional self-powered polarization-sensitive photodetector is fabricated based on a stacked GeSe/MoS van der Waals (vdW) heterojunction which facilitates efficient separation and transportation of the photogenerated carriers because of type-II band alignment.

Azo dye degrading bacteria tolerant to extreme conditions inhabit nearshore ecosystems: Optimization and degradation pathways.

Nearshore ecosystems are transitional zones, and they may harbor a diverse microbial community capable of degrading azo dyes under extreme environmental conditions. In this study, thirteen bacterial strains capable of degrading eight azo dyes were isolated in nearshore environments and characterized using high throughput 16 S rRNA sequencing. The results of this study demonstrate that the biodegradability of azo dyes was influenced by their chemical structure and position of functional groups as well as the type of bacteria.

Effect of Filling Rate on Underwater Wet Welding Process and Weld Appearance.

Real-time electric signal, matter transfer mode and welding pool behavior were obtained to investigate the effect of wires' filling rate on arc stability and joints' appearance during underwater wet flux-cored arc welding (FCAW). The electric signal results showed that arc stability first decreased and then increased rapidly because the raise of filling rate affected the number of charged particles and the electrical conductivity of welding arc atmosphere. Two typical transfer modes, globular repelled transfer mode and surface tension transfer mode, were observed in this study.

Rapid Monitoring Approach for Microplastics Using Portable Pyrolysis-Mass Spectrometry.

Microplastics (MPs) pollution has drawn increasing concern due to its widespread occurrence and potential risks in the environment. The reliable methods and instruments for fast analysis of microplastics (MPs) less than 5 mm are urgently needed. In this study, a new method based on custom-made portable pyrolysis-mass spectrometry (Pyr-MS) is developed, which enables rapid identification and mass related quantification of MPs.

High Throughput Sediment DNA Sequencing Reveals Azo Dye Degrading Bacteria Inhabit Nearshore Sediments.

Estuaries and coastal environments are often regarded as a critical resource for the bioremediation of organic pollutants such as azo dyes due to their high abundance and diversity of extremophiles. Bioremediation through the activities of azoreductase, laccase, and other associated enzymes plays a critical role in the removal of azo dyes in built and natural environments. However, little is known about the biodegradation genes and azo dye degradation genes residing in sediments from coastal and estuarine environments.

Electro-active Variable-Stiffness Corrugated Structure Based on Shape-Memory Polymer Composite.

Shape-memory polymers (SMPs) can adjust their stiffness, lock a temporary shape, and recover the permanent shape upon an appropriate stimulus. They are applied in the field of morphing skins. This work presents a variable-stiffness corrugated sheet based on a carbon fiber felt (CFF)-reinforced epoxy-based SMP composite that shows variable stiffness and extreme mechanical anisotropy for potential morphing skin applications.

Application potential of simultaneous nitrification/Fe-supported autotrophic denitrification (SNAD) based on iron-scraps and micro-electrolysis.

Oxygen has not been purposely introduced to the autotrophic denitrification systems and simultaneous nitrification/autotrophic denitrification (SNAD) has not been proposed. In this study, oxygen was introduced into a micro-electrolysis-enhanced Fe-supported autotrophic denitrification (mFeAD) system. The nitrogen removal performance was investigated and the application potential of iron-scraps-supported simultaneous nitrification/mFeAD was evaluated.