Rapid Determination of Acylcarnitine Metabolic Diseases by Trifluoroacetic Acid-Doped Extraction Coupled with Nanoelectrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry.

Newborn screening for acylcarnitine-related inherited metabolic diseases (IMDs) is a critical test after birth. Conventional extraction methods require shaking with heating, centrifugation, nitrogen blowing, redissolution, etc., and the total time is more than 1 h.

A Gravity-Driven Membrane Bioreactor in Treating Real Fruit Juice Wastewater: Response Relationship Between Filtration Behavior and Microbial Community Evolution.

The issue of environmental pollution caused by wastewater discharge from fruit juice production has attracted increasing attention. However, the cost-effectiveness of conventional treatment technology remains insufficient. In this study, a gravity-driven membrane bioreactor (GDMBR) was developed to treat real fruit juice wastewater from secondary sedimentation at pressures ranging from 0.

Breaking Solvation Dominance Effect Enabled by Ion-Dipole Interaction Toward Long-Spanlife Silicon Oxide Anodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Micrometer-sized silicon oxide (SiO) anodes encounter challenges in large-scale applications due to significant volume expansion during the alloy/de-alloy process. Herein, an innovative deep eutectic electrolyte derived from succinonitrile is introduced to enhance the cycling stability of SiO anodes. Density functional theory calculations validate a robust ion-dipole interaction between lithium ions (Li) and succinonitrile (SN).

Fabrication of Nano Copper Highly Conductive and Flexible Printed Electronics by Direct Ink Writing.

Nanoscale metals have emerged as crucial materials for conductive inks in printed electronics due to their unique physical and chemical properties. However, the synthesis of high-precision and highly conductive copper ink remains a challenge. Herein, a high-precision, highly conductive, and oxidation-resistant nanocopper ink was synthesized to fabricate highly conductive and flexible printed electronic devices.

Rapid NO Formation from N on Water Droplet Surfaces.

Nitrogen (N) has long been considered as stable atmospheric reservoir for N element and has a persistence time of hundreds of years. This study reveals that oxygen (O) at typical tropospheric concentrations can rapidly activate N, leading to substantial production of nitrous oxide (NO), the third most impactful greenhouse gas, at rates approaching 2.83±0.

Bacterial exopolysaccharides: Characteristics and antioxidant mechanism.

Bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPS) are secondary metabolites of microorganisms which play important roles in adhesion, protection, biofilm formation, and as a source of nutrition. Compared with polysaccharides obtained from animal and plant species, bacterial polysaccharides have significant advantages in terms of production cost and large-scale production due to their abundant metabolic pathways and efficient polysaccharide production capacity. Most extracellular polysaccharides are water-soluble, and some are insoluble, such as bacterial cellulose.

A new empirical equation for the gas/particle partitioning of OPFRs in ambient atmosphere.

Gas/particle (G/P) partitioning is a core process governing the atmospheric transport of organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs). However, accurately predicting the G/P partition performance of OPFRs remains a challenge. In this study, four independent models were employed to estimate the characteristics of OPFR G/P partitioning within the octanol-air partition coefficient range of 4.

Synthesis and antioxidant evaluation of coumarin-functionalised chitosan: A potent, non-toxic free radical scavenging compound.

In the present study, we designed to link the coumarin molecule to chitosan via a triazole group and synthesized chitosan-coumarin derivatives, which were further quaternized in one step in order to further improve their solubility to obtain a second series of chitosan-coumarin ammonium salt derivatives. The structures of these chitosan derivatives were verified by FT-IR and H NMR. They were tested for their antioxidant activities.

Metal-organic framework-based SERS chips enable in situ and sensitive detection of dissolved hydrogen sulfide in natural water: Towards a bring-back-chip mode for field analysis.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS) in natural water plays an important role in carbon and sulfur cycles in biosphere. Current detection protocol is complicated, which need to "bring back water" to lab followed by gas chromatograph analysis. In situ, field detection is still challenging.

Welding Characteristics of Medium Titanium Plates with Autogenous Laser Welding and Narrow-Gap Laser Filling Welding Modes.

Titanium and titanium alloys with a medium thickness of 5 to 12 mm are widely used for ocean platforms, military equipment and in other fields because of their light weight, appropriate strength and corrosion resistance. In this study, autogenous laser welding and narrow-gap laser welding processes were researched and compared, and the welding characteristics, weld microstructure and joint strength were analyzed. The results showed that autogenous laser welding had higher efficiency, narrower weld width and higher microstructure uniformity.

GTC: GNN-Transformer co-contrastive learning for self-supervised heterogeneous graph representation.

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have emerged as the most powerful weapon for various graph tasks due to the message-passing mechanism's great local information aggregation ability. However, over-smoothing has always hindered GNNs from going deeper and capturing multi-hop neighbors. Meanwhile, most methods follow a semi-supervised learning manner, the label scarcity would limit their applicability in real-world systems.

Bactericidal and Antifouling Coatings with the "Killing-Repelling-Killing" Triple Function Based on Cationic Copolymers with Structure Conversion and Capsaicin Analogue Release.

The capsaicin analogue -(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl) acrylamide (HMBA) was linked with polylauryl methacrylate--poly(2-(,-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PLMA--PDMAEMA) via a quaternization reaction with 4-(acrylamidomethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl 2-chloroacetate (AAMPCA). The amphiphilic copolymers were capable of transforming its structure in response to the solvent change from aprotic to protic, which was verified by the H NMR spectrum. The resulting cationic copolymers underwent a hydrolysis process in water, yielding zwitterionic groups on surfaces.

China's endeavor to reduce energy intensity: Does the green financial reform and innovation pilot zones policy matter?

The implementation of green financial reform and innovation pilot zones is a pivotal initiative aimed at directing financial resources more effectively towards green transformation and national sustainable development strategy. To this end, this study adopts a dual machine learning model to examine the effect of this pilot policy on energy intensity and the underlying mechanisms, drawing upon data from 254 cities in China spanning from 2006 to 2019. The conclusions obtained confirm that the establishment of these pilot zones has exerted a substantial impact on mitigating energy intensity.

A multi-release reliability model of open source software with fault detection obeying three-parameter lifetime distribution.

With the development of open source software (OSS), software reliability has become an important issue. Due to the complexity of OSS development and testing environment, the fault detection rate of OSS will show a variety of changes. The existing OSS reliability models cannot fully adapt to the complex changes of OSS fault detection.

Entropy-induced high-density grain boundaries in Co-free high-entropy spinel oxides for highly reversible lithium storage.

Transition metal oxides (TMOs) with high discharge capacity are considered as one of the most promising anodes for lithium-ion batteries. However, the practical utilization of TMOs is largely limited by cycling stability issues arising from volume expansion, structural collapse. In this study, we synthesized a high-entropy spinel oxide material (FeCrNiMnZn)O using a solution combustion method.

Tourmaline triggered biofilm transformation: Boosting ultrafiltration efficiency and fouling resistance.

Ultralow pressure filtration system, which integrates the dual functionalities of biofilm degradation and membrane filtration, has gained significant attention in water treatment due to its superior contaminant removal efficiency. However, it is a challenge to mitigate membrane biofouling while maintaining the high activity of biofilm. This study presents a novel ceramic-based ultrafiltration membrane functionalized with tourmaline nanoparticles to address this challenge.

Ti-Substituted O3-NaNiMnTiO Material with a Disordered Transition Metal Layer and a Stable Structure.

O3-type NaNiMnO (NNM) is very competitive for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to its high capacity and easy production. Nevertheless, the intricate phase transitions during the charging-discharging significantly impede its practical application. This paper proposes a strategy for successfully synthesizing NaNiMnTiO (NNMT) by combining coprecipitation and a high-temperature solid-state method.

Regulation of Electron Delocalization Region in 2D Heteroligand-Based Copper-Organic Framework to Enhance Charge Storage.

The rechargeable aqueous ammonium ion battery shows great potential in low-cost energy storage system because of its long life and environmental friendliness. However, most inorganic host materials used in ammonium ion batteries are still limited by slow diffusion kinetics. Herein, it is identified that a 2D heteroligand-based copper-organic framework featuring numerous ammonium ion adsorption site in the π-conjugated periodic skeleton supplies multiple accessible redox-active sites for high-performance ammonium storage.

Enhanced protection for interfacial lipid ozonolysis by sulfur-containing amino acids.

Sulfur-containing amino acids have been proposed as drugs for lipid oxidation associated with diseases for a long time, but the molecular-level mechanism on the effectiveness of sulfur-containing amino acids against lipid oxidation remains elusive. In this work, with the interfacial sensitivity mass spectrometry method, oxidation of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylglycerol (POPG), a widely used model lipid, was significantly inhibited on hung droplet surface in presence of sulfur-containing amino acids, such as cysteine (Cys) and methionine (Met). Both the Cys and Met showed a self-sacrificing protection.

Self-Healing Polymers Coupling Shape Memory Effect.

In recent years, shape memory polymers (SMPs) and self-healing polymers (SHPs) have been research hotspots in the field of smart polymers owing to their unique stimulus response mechanisms. Previous research on SHPs has primarily focused on contact repair. However, in instances where substantial cracks occur during practical use, autonomous closure becomes challenging, impeding effective repair.

Sliding mode control for uncertain fractional-order reaction-diffusion memristor neural networks with time delays.

This paper investigates a sliding mode control method for a class of uncertain delayed fractional-order reaction-diffusion memristor neural networks. Different from most existing literature on sliding mode control for fractional-order reaction-diffusion systems, this study constructs a linear sliding mode switching function and designs the corresponding sliding mode control law. The sufficient theory for the globally asymptotic stability of the sliding mode dynamics are provided, and it is proven that the sliding mode surface is finite-time reachable under the proposed control law, with an estimate of the maximum reaching time.

The interactive effect of the career horizon and power of CEO on invention patents.

Invention patents are of great importance to firms, and thus understanding how invention patents are achieved is becoming increasingly important in the literature. Although previous research has shown that both CEO career horizon and CEO power are important for invention patents, little attention has been paid to their potential interactive effect. Investigating their interactive effect would be both theoretically meaningful and practically valuable.

Enhancing the Cycling and Rate Performance of Ni-Rich Cathodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries by Bulk-Phase Engineering and Surface Reconstruction.

The structural and interfacial instability of Ni-rich layered cathodes LiNiCoMnO (NCM9055) severely hinders their commercial application. In this work, straightforward high-temperature solid-state methods are utilized to successfully synthesize Nb-doped and LiPO-coated LiNiCoMnO by combining two niobium sources, NbOPO·3HO and NbO, for the first time. Studies indicate that Nb doping enhanced the integrity of the layered structure, and the LiPO coating reduced water absorption on the surface and considerably boosted the durability of the interface.

Ozonolysis of phospholipids at the air-water interface intervened by polyfluoroalkyl substances.

Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are ubiquitous in the environment and even accumulate in the human body associated with their excellent stability and persistence. However, the effect and reaction mechanism at the molecular level on the cell phospholipid peroxidation remained unclear. In this work, the interfacial reaction of model phospholipids (POPG) intervened by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) at the air-water interface of a hanged droplet exposed to ozone (O) was investigated.