Co-designing a blueprint for spreading person-centered, Whole Health care to HIV specialty care settings: a mixed methods protocol.

Background: Since 2013, the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) has advanced a person-centered, Whole Health (WH) System of Care, a shift from a disease-oriented system to one that prioritizes "what matters most" to patients in their lives. Whole Health is predicated on patient-provider interactions marked by a multi-level understanding of health and trusted relationships that promote well-being. Presently, WH implementation has been focused largely in primary care settings, yet the goal is to effect a system-wide transformation of care so that Veterans receive WH across VHA clinical settings, including specialty care.

The Automatic Context Measurement Tool (ACMT) to Compile Participant-Specific Built and Social Environment Measures for Health Research: Development and Usability Study.

Background: The environment shapes health behaviors and outcomes. Studies exploring this influence have been limited to research groups with the geographic information systems expertise required to develop built and social environment measures (eg, groups that include a researcher with geographic information system expertise).

Objective: The goal of this study was to develop an open-source, user-friendly, and privacy-preserving tool for conveniently linking built, social, and natural environmental variables to study participant addresses.

The Mental Health Consequences of George Floyd's Murder in Minneapolis in Black, Latine, and White Communities.

The high-profile police murder of George Floyd is likely to have an aftermath of negative health consequences, particularly among Black people. Our study evaluates the impact of the murder of Mr. Floyd on mental health in Black, Latine, and white communities in Minneapolis, Minnesota.

Overview of the prevalence of loneliness and associated risk factors among older adults across six continents: A meta-analysis.

Background: Globally, loneliness is a growing public health concern associated with poor mental and physical health among older adults. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to explore the prevalence of loneliness and associated risk factors among older adults across six continents.

Methods: Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and references lists were comprehensively searched until April 2024.

Creating the vaccination improvement potential index.

Background: Numerous social and behavioral factors have been implicated in vaccination coverage. There is no single measure that describes a country's ability to improve or maintain its immunization coverage.

Methods: We estimated the "Vaccination Improvement Potential" (VIP) by taking the geometric mean of 13 different indicators on health financing, vaccine confidence, and socio-demographics for more than 200 countries across 30 years.

Community Pharmacist-Centered training program improves confidence in delivering epilepsy care.

Rationale: Incorporating pharmacists into interdisciplinary healthcare teams can improve patient outcomes across disease states; however, there is little evidence describing pharmacists' contributions to epilepsy care. Previous research from our group revealed that community pharmacists are well positioned to serve as patient advocates, monitor medications, and provide education for people living with epilepsy. However, pharmacists would like to receive additional training in epilepsy management.

Patient-reported pain and physical health for acupuncture and chiropractic care delivered by Veterans Affairs versus community providers.

Background: Acupuncture and chiropractic care are evidence-based pain management alternatives to opioids. The Veterans Health Administration (VA) provides this care in some VA facilities, but also refers patients to community providers. We aimed to determine if patient-reported outcomes differ for acupuncture and chiropractic care from VA versus community providers.

Disability and Place of Death in Older Americans: The Moderating Role of Household Wealth.

Context: Home-based deaths are increasing, yet, how wealth influences where people die in the presence of disability remains unknown.

Objective: To examine place of death by help with (instrumental) activities of daily living (I/ADLs) at the end of life (EOL) and the modifying role of wealth.

Methods: Retrospective study of decedents from the Health and Retirement Study (n = 13,210).

Disparities in Screening for Adverse Childhood Experiences.

Introduction: Screening for adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in the clinical setting is set to become more commonplace with continued efforts to reimburse clinicians for screening. However, an examination of disparities in ACEs screening and related attitudes and beliefs is needed.

Methods: Using the 2021 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS), this study examined if several measures of socioeconomic status, access to care and identities were associated with 3 outcomes: 1) getting screened for ACEs by a clinician; 2) beliefs about the importance of screening and 3) satisfaction with efforts to address the impacts of ACEs.

Artificial Intelligence in Anesthetic Care: A Survey of Physician Anesthesiologists.

Background: This study explored physician anesthesiologists' knowledge, exposure, and perceptions of artificial intelligence (AI) and their associations with attitudes and expectations regarding its use in clinical practice. The findings highlight the importance of understanding anesthesiologists' perspectives for the successful integration of AI into anesthesiology, as AI has the potential to revolutionize the field.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 27,056 US physician anesthesiologists was conducted to assess their knowledge, perceptions, and expectations regarding the use of AI in clinical practice.

Elevated mortality among the second-generation (children of migrants) in Europe: what is going wrong? A review.

Introduction: The 'second-generation' (i.e. the children of migrants) represent one of the fastest growing subpopulations of the child and young adult populations in Europe today.

Analyzing microbial evolution through gene and genome phylogenies.

Microbiome scientists critically need modern tools to explore and analyze microbial evolution. Often this involves studying the evolution of microbial genomes as a whole. However, different genes in a single genome can be subject to different evolutionary pressures, which can result in distinct gene-level evolutionary histories.

A controlled effects approach to assessing immune correlates of protection.

An immune correlate of risk (CoR) is an immunologic biomarker in vaccine recipients associated with an infectious disease clinical endpoint. An immune correlate of protection (CoP) is a CoR that can be used to reliably predict vaccine efficacy (VE) against the clinical endpoint and hence is accepted as a surrogate endpoint that can be used for accelerated approval or guide use of vaccines. In randomized, placebo-controlled trials, CoR analysis is limited by not assessing a causal vaccine effect.

Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Use and Discontinuation in a Federally Qualified Health Center in a Mexico-US Border City.

Background: Latino men who have sex with men (MSM) experience disproportionately high rates of HIV diagnoses in the United States. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use is critical to reduce this inequity, but PrEP awareness, access, and use are low among Latino MSM. This study aims to describe patterns of PrEP persistence and discontinuation among predominately Latino MSM accessing PrEP in a federally qualified health center (FQHC) in El Paso, Texas.

Assessing drivers of implementing "Scaling-up the Systems Analysis and Improvement Approach" for Prevention of Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission in Mozambique (SAIA-SCALE) over implementation waves.

Background: The Systems Analysis and Improvement Approach (SAIA) is an evidence-based package of systems engineering tools originally designed to improve patient flow through the prevention of Mother-to-Child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) cascade. SAIA is a potentially scalable model for maximizing the benefits of universal antiretroviral therapy (ART) for mothers and their babies. SAIA-SCALE was a stepped wedge trial implemented in Manica Province, Mozambique, to evaluate SAIA's effectiveness when led by district health managers, rather than by study nurses.

Implementation studio: implementation support program to build the capacity of rural community health educators serving immigrant communities to implement evidence-based cancer prevention and control interventions.

Purpose: Rural community-based organizations (CBOs) serving immigrant communities are critical settings for implementing evidence-based interventions (EBIs). The Implementation Studio is a training and consultation program focused on facilitating the selection, adaptation, and implementation of cancer prevention and control EBIs. This paper describes implementation and evaluation of the Implementation Studio on CBO's capacity to implement EBIs and their clients' knowledge of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening and intention to screen.

Persistence in a pharmacist-led, same-day PrEP program in Mississippi: a mixed-methods study.

Introduction: Mississippi has one of the highest rates of HIV in the United States but low PrEP uptake. Understanding patterns of PrEP use can improve PrEP initiation and persistence.

Methods: This is a mixed-method evaluation of a PrEP program in Jackson, Mississippi.

"You Don't Look Anorexic": Atypical anorexia patient experiences of weight stigma in medical care.

Eating disorders (ED) and weight stigma pose significant healthcare challenges. Patients at higher weights, like some with atypical anorexia (AAN), may face increased challenges due to weight stigma. This study analyzed patients' lived experiences with weight stigma in healthcare.

Burnout and Workplace Incivility Among Emergency Medical Services Practitioners: A Preliminary Report.

Objective: Burnout has detrimental consequences for health care organizations, clinicians, and the quality of care that patients receive. Prior work suggests that workplace incivility (negative interpersonal acts) contributes to burnout. While workplace incivility is linked to EMS practitioner job dissatisfaction, absenteeism, and planned attrition, the relationship between workplace incivility and burnout has not been evaluated among EMS practitioners.

AMPREDICT PROsthetics-Predicting Prosthesis Mobility to Aid in Prosthetic Prescription and Rehabilitation Planning.

Objective: To develop and validate a patient-specific multivariable prediction model that uses variables readily available in the electronic medical record to predict 12-month mobility at the time of initial post-amputation prosthetic prescription. The prediction model is designed for patients who have undergone their initial transtibial (TT) or transfemoral (TF) amputation because of complications of diabetes and/or peripheral artery disease.

Design: Multi-methodology cohort study that identified patients retrospectively through a large Veteran's Affairs (VA) dataset then prospectively collected their patient-reported mobility.

Impact of Mobile Monitoring Network Design on Air Pollution Exposure Assessment Models.

Short-term mobile monitoring campaigns are increasingly used to assess long-term air pollution exposure in epidemiology. Little is known about how monitoring network design features, including the number of stops and sampling temporality, impacts exposure assessment models. We address this gap by leveraging an extensive mobile monitoring campaign conducted in the greater Seattle area over the course of a year during all days of the week and most hours.

Long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution and stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Stroke remains the second cause of death worldwide. The mechanisms underlying the adverse association of exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) with overall cardiovascular disease may also apply to stroke. Our objective was to systematically evaluate the epidemiological evidence regarding the associations of long-term exposure to TRAP with stroke.