Induction of Susceptibility to Disseminated Infection with IgA1 Protease-Producing Encapsulated Pathogens Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae Type b, and Neisseria meningitidis.

Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae are the principal causes of bacterial meningitis. It is unexplained why only occasional individuals develop invasive infection, while the vast majority remain healthy and develop immunity when encountering these pathogens. A capsular polysaccharide and an IgA1 protease are common to these pathogens.

The effect of gluten in adolescents and young adults with gastrointestinal symptoms: a blinded randomised cross-over trial.

Background: The popularity of the gluten-free diet and sales of gluten-free products have increased immensely.

Aims: To investigate whether gluten induces gastrointestinal symptoms, measured by self-reported questionnaires, as well as mental health symptoms in adolescents from a population-based cohort.

Methods: The eligible participants (n = 273) were recruited from a population-based cohort of 1266 adolescents and had at least four different gastrointestinal symptoms.

Maternal Testosterone Concentrations in Third Trimester and Offspring Handgrip Strength at 5 Years: Odense Child Cohort.

Background: Maternal testosterone in pregnancy may have conditioning effects on offspring muscle strength.

Purpose: To investigate possible associations between maternal testosterone concentrations in third trimester and offspring handgrip strength (HGS) at 5 years.

Methods: In the prospective, population-based Odense Child Cohort, total testosterone (TT) at gestational week 27-28 and 5-year HGS were measured in 1017 mother-child pairs.

Prenatal and early childhood predictors of intelligence quotient (IQ) in 7-year-old Danish children from the Odense Child Cohort.

Background: Cognitive development measured as intelligence quotient can predict socioeconomic markers in adulthood. It is therefore of interest to determine predictors of childhood intelligence quotient.

Aim: To assess intelligence quotient scores based on standardised Danish age-appropriate scores and to evaluate potential predictors of intelligence quotient.

Neonatal Screening for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia in Denmark: 10 Years of Experience.

Introduction: Early detection of salt-wasting congenital adrenal hyperplasia (SW-CAH) is important to reduce CAH-related morbidity. However, neonatal screening has shown to have a low positive predictive value (PPV), especially among preterm newborns. Here, the Danish CAH screening is evaluated by comparing incidence and morbidity of SW-CAH 10 years before and after introduction of screening.

Expanding the genotype and phenotype spectrum of SYT1-associated neurodevelopmental disorder.

Purpose: Synaptotagmin-1 (SYT1) is a critical mediator of neurotransmitter release in the central nervous system. Previously reported missense SYT1 variants in the C2B domain are associated with severe intellectual disability, movement disorders, behavioral disturbances, and electroencephalogram abnormalities. In this study, we expand the genotypes and phenotypes and identify discriminating features of this disorder.

Socioeconomic position and maintenance therapy in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A national cohort study.

Background: Socioeconomic differences in survival among children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have been reported in high-income countries and there is an unmet need for strategies to identify vulnerable patient subgroups. Reported differences in survival for children from families with different socioeconomic positions seem to arise when starting maintenance therapy. This could reflect reduced physician's compliance or family adherence to maintenance therapy.

Pregnancy exposure to bisphenol A and duration of breastfeeding.

Introduction: Bisphenol A (BPA) is frequently used in the production of plastics. It is an endocrine disruptor, and BPA exposure in mice has been associated with reduced offspring growth due to insufficient milk production. However, human studies of associations between BPA exposure and duration of breastfeeding are sparse.

Transient congenital hyperinsulinism and hemolytic disease of a newborn despite rhesus D prophylaxis: a case report.

Background: In neonates, rhesus D alloimmunization despite anti-D immunoglobulin prophylaxis is rare and often unexplained. Rhesus D alloimmunization can lead to hemolytic disease of the newborn with anemia and unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. In past reports, transient congenital hyperinsulinism has been described as a rare complication of rhesus D alloimmunization.

Health care utilisation following childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: a population-based matched cohort study.

Objectives: Survival among children diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) has increased considerably. However, morbidity in survivors constitutes a potential increasing burden not limited to secondary health care. Our objectives were to compare health care utilisation, including both primary and secondary health care, between childhood ALL survivors and matched references up to 15 years after curative treatment.

Association of serum surfactant protein D and SFTPD gene variants with asthma in Danish children, adolescents, and young adults.

Background: Surfactant Protein D (SP-D) is a pattern recognition molecule belonging to the family of collectins expressed in multiple human organ systems, including the lungs. Previous studies have shown that SP-D levels in bronchoalveolar lavage samples decrease and serum levels increase in patients suffering from asthma, possibly due to a combination of induced SP-D synthesis and decreased air-blood barrier integrity. The aims of this study were to investigate whether serum levels of SP-D and common variants in the SP-D gene were associated with asthma in adolescents and young adults.

Response to pneumococcal conjugate and polysaccharide vaccination in children with rheumatic disease.

Children with rheumatic disease and compromised immune system have an increased risk of infection. Streptococcus pneumoniae is a frequent pathogen, and immunization is recommended. In this study, we investigated whether immunocompromised children with rheumatic disease do respond to pneumococcal immunization with 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine followed by 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine.

Ketotic hypoglycemia in patients with Down syndrome.

Background: Ketotic hypoglycemia (KH) without an identifiable underlying metabolic or hormonal disease is historically named idiopathic KH. The prevalence is unknown, but idiopathic KH is considered the most frequent cause of hypoglycemia beyond the neonatal period. KH in Down syndrome (DS) has not been reported.

Natural moisturizing factors in children with and without eczema: Associations with lifestyle and genetic factors.

Background: Filaggrin-derived natural moisturizing factors (NMF) play an important role in skin barrier function and in atopic dermatitis (AD). Its deficiency is associated with dry skin and increased surface pH. Studies on childhood environmental exposures and associations with NMF levels are scarce.

Can the Enhanced Liver Fibrosis Score Be Used to Diagnose Children With Liver Fibrosis?

Objectives: The noninvasive Enhanced Liver Fibrosis (ELF) score is used in adults with liver fibrosis as a diagnostic aid. The ELF score combines 3 serum markers of extracellular matrix remodeling and fibrogenesis: hyaluronic acid (HA), the N-terminal pro-peptide of collagen type III (PIIINP), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1). We aimed to evaluate the clinical use of the ELF score in children.

Health anxiety symptoms in Danish children during the first lockdown period of the COVID-19 pandemic: an Odense Child Cohort study.

Purpose: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has a severe impact on the general population. During the pandemic, children may develop emotional and psychological symptoms, including increased worries about health and illness, known as health anxiety symptoms (HASs). We aimed to explore HAS in 7-9-year-old children from the Danish Odense Child Cohort (OCC) during the first COVID-19 lockdown period in Denmark, and to examine associations with potential risk factors.

A Case Series on Genotype and Outcome of Liver Transplantation in Children with Niemann-Pick Disease Type C.

Background: To report on clinical presentation and outcomes of children who underwent liver transplantation (LTx) and were subsequently diagnosed to have Niemann-Pick type C (NPC).

Methods: Retrospective, descriptive, multi-centre review of children diagnosed with NPC who underwent LTx (2003-2018). Diagnosis was made by filipin skin test or genetic testing.

No association between maternal and child PFAS concentrations and repeated measures of ADHD symptoms at age 2½ and 5 years in children from the Odense Child Cohort.

Introduction: The potential impact of exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) on childhood Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity-Disorder (ADHD) is unclear and deserves scrutiny. The majority of previously conducted longitudinal studies found no association between maternal serum-PFAS concentrations and ADHD symptoms in the offspring, but some studies observed possible associations with postnatal PFAS exposures, mainly in girls.

Objective: To investigate the association between maternal and child serum concentrations of five PFAS and symptoms of ADHD at ages 2½ and 5 years.

Partially Hydrolysed Whey Has Superior Allergy Preventive Capacity Compared to Intact Whey Regardless of Amoxicillin Administration in Brown Norway Rats.

Background: It remains largely unknown how physicochemical properties of hydrolysed infant formulas influence their allergy preventive capacity, and results from clinical and animal studies comparing the preventive capacity of hydrolysed infant formula with conventional infant formula are inconclusive. Thus, the use of hydrolysed infant formula for allergy prevention in atopy-prone infants is highly debated. Furthermore, knowledge on how gut microbiota influences allergy prevention remains scarce.

Pregnancy Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl Substances and Associations With Prolactin Concentrations and Breastfeeding in the Odense Child Cohort.

Context: Human exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has been associated with reduced duration of breastfeeding, although not consistently so, and mechanisms by which PFAS might affect breastfeeding are unknown.

Objective: To examine the association between early pregnancy serum-PFAS concentrations and breastfeeding termination and to elucidate the potential role of serum-prolactin concentrations in pregnancy.

Materials And Methods: Pregnant women from the Odense Child Cohort provided blood samples for analysis of 5 major PFAS (n = 1300) and prolactin concentrations (n = 924).

Health care utilisation preceding relapse or second malignant neoplasm after childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: a population-based matched cohort study.

Objectives: To investigate health care utilisation including both primary and secondary health care 6 months before the diagnosis of a relapse or a second malignant neoplasm (SMN) in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL).

Design And Setting: A Danish population-based matched cohort study linking multiple nationwide registries.

Participants: Participants were recruited from a total of 622 childhood ALL 2.

EAACI guidelines: Anaphylaxis (2021 update).

Anaphylaxis is a clinical emergency which all healthcare professionals need to be able to recognize and manage. The European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Anaphylaxis multidisciplinary Task Force has updated the 2014 guideline. The guideline was developed using the AGREE II framework and the GRADE approach.

High Prevalence of Celiac Disease Among Danish Adolescents: A Population-based Study.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to establish an unselected cohort of Danish adolescents and estimate the prevalence of undiagnosed celiac disease (CeD).

Methods: The Glutenfunen cohort participants were recruited from an unselected subsample of the Danish National Birth Cohort, defined as participants living in the Island of Funen, Denmark. We invited all 7431 eligible participants in the age range of 15 to 21 years to a clinical visit.