Paracetamol overdose in Danish children and adolescents during the Covid-19 restrictions.

Introduction: To assess the effect of long-term isolation on the mental state of Danish youth. This study aimed to investigate trends in paracetamol overdoses among people under 18 years of age in Denmark during Covid-19 restrictions as an indicator of mental health.

Methods: All patients under the age of 18 years presenting with paracetamol overdose at one of the 18 paediatric departments in Denmark from 2016 to 2021 were included.

Neonatal Gut and Immune Responses to β-Casein Enriched Formula in Piglets.

Background: β-casein is the main casein constituent in human milk (HM) and a source of bioactive peptides for the developing gastrointestinal tract and immune system. Infant formulas contain less β-casein than HM, but whether different concentrations of β-casein affect tolerability and gut and immune maturation in newborns is unknown.

Objectives: Using near-term piglets as a model for newborn infants, we investigated whether increasing the β-casein fraction in bovine-based formula is clinically safe and may improve gut and immune maturation.

Maternal opioid use during pregnancy and the risk of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome in the offspring.

Introduction: Neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) is caused by sudden cessation from in utero exposure to opioids. The indications for opioid use during pregnancy are diverse including medication for opioid use disorder and analgesia. The opioid dose typically depends on the indication, with higher doses used for medication for opioid use disorder and lower doses used for analgesia.

Prenatal exposure to pyrethroids and chlorpyrifos and IQ in 7-year-old children from the Odense Child Cohort.

Background: Organophosphates and pyrethroids are two major groups of insecticides used for crop protection worldwide. They are neurotoxicants and exposure during vulnerable windows of brain development may have long-term impact on human neurodevelopment. Only few longitudinal studies have investigated associations between prenatal exposure to these substances and intelligence quotient (IQ) at school age in populations with low, mainly dietary, exposure.

Mineral supplementation for very preterm infants fed fortified human milk.

Objectives: The safety and feasibility of human milk fortification with bovine colostrum (BC) were investigated in very preterm infants (FortiColos trial, NCT03537365). The BC product contained lower calcium, phosphate, and iron levels compared to the conventional fortifier (CF). We tested whether fortification with BC plus extra phosphate was sufficient to support the infants' mineral status assessed by blood biochemistry.

Glucose-regulatory hormones and growth in very preterm infants fed fortified human milk.

Background: Bovine colostrum (BC) contains a range of milk bioactive components, and it is unknown how human milk fortification with BC affects glucose-regulatory hormones in very preterm infants (VPIs). This study aimed to investigate the associations between hormone concentrations and fortification type, birth weight (appropriate/small for gestational age, AGA/SGA), milk intake, postnatal age, and body growth.

Methods: 225 VPIs were randomized to fortification with BC or conventional fortifier (CF).

Children and Adolescents Diagnosed With Inflammatory Bowel Disease Are at Increased Risk of Developing Diseases With a Possible Autoimmune Pathogenesis.

Background: The development of diseases with a possible autoimmune pathogenesis is common in adults with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In early onset IBD, it may differ but the evidence is sparse. We aimed to investigate the risk and time span from IBD diagnosis to outcomes with different associated disorders with possible autoimmune pathogenesis.

Girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty did not display substatial changes in body mass index after treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues.

Aim: To evaluate changes in body mass index (BMI) in girls during and after treatment for idiopathic central precocious puberty (iCPP).

Methods: We studied 123 girls receiving gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue (GnRHa)treatment for iCPP from 2009 to 2019. Pubertal and anthropometric measurements were monitored at routine clinical visits.

Who is supporting the parents during their child's cancer treatment? A qualitative study through the lens of compassion.

Purpose: Parents of children/adolescents with cancer are placed in a state of severe suffering due to serious concerns, fears, and radical daily life changes. Human support is an important source of support for successful coping. This study explored fundamental aspects of parents' daily, social, and personal life during their child's treatment to deepen our understanding of 'who' plays a significant role in supporting parents, and how, and to what extent this support is provided.

A Gently Processed Skim Milk-Derived Whey Protein Concentrate for Infant Formula: Effects on Gut Development and Immunity in Preterm Pigs.

Scope: Processing of whey protein concentrate (WPC) for infant formulas may induce protein modifications with severe consequences for preterm newborn development. The study investigates how conventional WPC and a gently processed skim milk-derived WPC (SPC) affect gut and immune development after birth.

Methods And Results: Newborn, preterm pigs used as a model of preterm infants were fed formula containing WPC, SPC, extra heat-treated SPC (HT-SPC), or stored HT-SPC (HTS-SPC) for 5 days.

Genotype-histotype-phenotype correlations in hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia.

Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (HH) of pancreatic origin includes congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI), insulinoma, insulinomatosis, and adult-onset non-insulinoma persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia syndrome (NI-PHHS). In this review, we describe the genotype-histotype-phenotype correlations in HH and their therapeutic implications. CHI can occur from birth or later on in life.

Body mass index z-scores in the first 2 years of life were associated with adverse metabolic and anthropometric outcomes at 3 years of age.

Aim: We investigated associations between body mass index (BMI) z-scores for children aged 0-2 years and the BMI z-scores, body fat percentage and metabolic risk factors at 3 years of age.

Methods: This was a secondary analysis of the Lifestyle in Pregnancy and Offspring randomised controlled trial, carried out at two university hospitals in Denmark. It comprised 149 mothers with BMI ≥30 kg/m who did or did not receive a lifestyle intervention during pregnancy and a reference group of 97 mothers with normal-weight, with follow-up of their 3-year-old offspring.

Early parenteral nutrition is associated with improved growth in very low birth weight infants: a retrospective study.

Objective: To assess the association between early initiation of parenteral nutrition (PN) and body growth in preterm infants with very low birth weight (VLBW).

Design: Causal inference analysis with confounders preselected by causal diagram based on the NeoNutriNet cohort containing data of infants born between 2011 and 2014 from 13 hospitals from 5 continents.

Patients: Neonates with birth weight ≤1500 g.

NON-pharmacological Approach Less Invasive Surfactant Administration (NONA-LISA) trial: protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Using pre-procedure analgesia with the risk of apnoea may complicate the Less Invasive Surfactant Administration (LISA) procedure or reduce the effect of LISA.

Methods: The NONA-LISA trial (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05609877) is a multicentre, blinded, randomised controlled trial aiming at including 324 infants born before 30 gestational weeks, meeting the criteria for surfactant treatment by LISA.

Variants in the WDR44 WD40-repeat domain cause a spectrum of ciliopathy by impairing ciliogenesis initiation.

WDR44 prevents ciliogenesis initiation by regulating RAB11-dependent vesicle trafficking. Here, we describe male patients with missense and nonsense variants within the WD40 repeats (WDR) of WDR44, an X-linked gene product, who display ciliopathy-related developmental phenotypes that we can model in zebrafish. The patient phenotypic spectrum includes developmental delay/intellectual disability, hypotonia, distinct craniofacial features and variable presence of brain, renal, cardiac and musculoskeletal abnormalities.

Pulmonary Valve Replacement in Tetralogy of Fallot: Procedural Volume and Durability of Bioprosthetic Pulmonary Valves.

Background: Robust data on changes in pulmonary valve replacement (PVR) procedural volume and predictors of bioprosthetic pulmonary valve (BPV) durability in patients with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) are scarce.

Objectives: This study sought to assess temporal trends in PVR procedural volume and BPV durability in a nationwide, retrospective TOF cohort.

Methods: Data were obtained from patient records.

Gut development following insulin-like growth factor-1 supplementation to preterm pigs.

Background: Reduced insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels may contribute to impaired organ development in preterm infants. Using preterm pigs as a model, we hypothesized that IGF-1 supplementation improves health and gut development during the first three weeks of life.

Methods: First, clinical and organ endpoints were compared between artificially-reared, cesarean-delivered preterm pigs and vaginally-delivered, sow-reared term pigs at 5, 9 and 19 days.

Children with cancer and their cardiorespiratory fitness and physical function-the long-term effects of a physical activity program during treatment: a multicenter non-randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: We aimed to determine the effects of a classmate-supported, supervised, in-hospital physical activity program during treatment primarily on cardiorespiratory fitness and secondarily on physical function.

Methods: A multicenter non-randomized controlled intervention study including children diagnosed with cancer, 6-18 years at diagnosis treated with chemo-/radiotherapy. The intervention comprised (i) an educational session on cancer in the child's school class; (ii) selection of two "ambassadors"-classmates who were co-admitted, supporting the child's everyday hospital life; and (iii) supervised in-hospital physical activity from diagnosis and throughout intensive treatment.

Real-Life Adherence to Venom Immunotherapy and Adrenaline Autoinjector.

Introduction: Venom immunotherapy (VIT) and adrenaline autoinjector (AAI) are important therapies in venom anaphylaxis. Adherence to VIT and AAI in patients with venom allergy has been evaluated in a few studies; however, solid data are lacking. This study aimed to evaluate VIT and AAI retrieval rates in patients with venom allergy with a special focus on adherence to treatment.

Danish children with ZZ-homozygous alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency are more affected on liver parameters than children with heterozygosity.

Aim: The longitudinal health status of Danish children with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency had never previously been characterised. This study aimed to assess the changes in growth, lung and liver function through childhood in these children.

Methods: Danish children diagnosed between 2005 and 2020 with pathogenic variants in the Serpin family A member 1 gene were included.