Alpelisib plus fulvestrant in PIK3CA-mutated, hormone receptor-positive advanced breast cancer after a CDK4/6 inhibitor (BYLieve): one cohort of a phase 2, multicentre, open-label, non-comparative study.

Background: Alpelisib, a PI3Kα-selective inhibitor and degrader, plus fulvestrant showed efficacy in hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative, PIK3CA-mutated advanced breast cancer in SOLAR-1; limited data are available in the post-cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor setting. BYLieve aimed to assess alpelisib plus endocrine therapy in this setting in three cohorts defined by immediate previous treatment; here, we report results from cohort A.

Methods: This ongoing, phase 2, multicentre, open-label, non-comparative study enrolled patients with hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative, advanced breast cancer with tumour PIK3CA mutation, following progression on or after previous therapy, including CDK4/6 inhibitors, from 114 study locations (cancer centres, medical centres, university hospitals, and hospitals) in 18 countries worldwide.

"Killing in the Name of 3R?" The Ethics of Death in Animal Research.

Changing relationships with nonhuman animals have led to important modifications in animal welfare legislations, including the protection of animal life. However, animal research regulations are largely based on welfarist assumptions, neglecting the idea that death can constitute a harm to animals. In this article, four different cases of killing animals in research contexts are identified and discussed against the background of philosophical, societal, and scientific-practical discourses: 1.

Reducing Deep Sedation and Benzodiazepine Use in Mechanically Ventilated Patients During Critical Care Transport: A Quality Improvement Initiative.

Objective: Deep sedation of mechanically ventilated patients is associated with poorer outcomes, including longer hospital length of stay and more ventilator days. In contrast, light sedation is associated with decreased hospital and intensive care unit length of stay, lower ventilator days, and decreased mortality. This study sought to decrease the use of unindicated deep sedation and benzodiazepine use in mechanically ventilated patients during critical care transport.

Mechanically anisotropic phantoms for magnetic resonance elastography.

Purpose: Imaging phantoms with known anisotropic mechanical properties are needed to evaluate magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) methods to estimate anisotropic parameters. The aims of this study were to fabricate mechanically anisotropic MRE phantoms, characterize their mechanical behavior by direct testing, then assess the accuracy of MRE estimates of anisotropic properties using a transversely isotropic nonlinear inversion (TI-NLI) algorithm.

Methods: Directionally scaled and unscaled lattices were designed to exhibit anisotropic or isotropic mechanical properties.

A qualitative study of perceptions of the care pathway for familial hypercholesterolemia: screening, diagnosis, treatment, and family cascade screening.

Background: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant genetic condition that carries increased risk for premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular events, and death. Due to low uptake of evidence-based practices, up to 80% of FH patients remain undiagnosed and most are undertreated. This project aimed to understand patient and clinician perceptions across the care pathway of evidence-based diagnosis and treatment of FH, to inform implementation strategy design for two clinical trials seeking to increase evidence-based care.

Application of Artificial Intelligence in Symptom Monitoring in Adult Cancer Survivorship: A Systematic Review.

Purpose: The adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) in health care may afford new avenues for personalized and patient-centered care. This systematic review explored the role of AI in symptom monitoring for adult cancer survivors.

Methods: A comprehensive search was performed from inception to November 2023 in seven bibliographic databases and three clinical trial registries.

Impact of a Prototype 29:1 Ratio Grid on Image Quality and Radiation Dose in Abdominal Angiography: Evaluation in a Pig Model.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a prototype grid with a 29:1 ratio (r29) and a 15:1 (r15) grid on the image quality (IQ) and radiation dose in abdominal angiography.

Materials And Methods: Six typical abdominal angiographic image scenarios were created in 4 pigs. Polymethylmethacrylate and aluminum plates were used to add 10 cm of patient equivalent thickness to simulate different body types.

Museum-Based Education in Health Professions Learning: A 5-Year Retrospective.

A growing evidence base suggests that the integration of museum-based activities into health professions education can contribute to learner resilience and wellbeing, promote capacity for patient-centered care, and encourage equity in learning environments. However, the styles and methods for implementing museum-based programs vary widely across different institutions. This retrospective leverages the lessons learned from 5 years of experience implementing museum-based programs at one large academic institution to examine the various operational and logistical considerations in implementing a museum-based program for health professions learners.

Novel Pharmacologic and Other Somatic Treatment Approaches for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Adults: State of the Evidence.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a highly prevalent psychiatric disorder that can become chronic and debilitating when left untreated. The most commonly recommended first-line treatments for PTSD among adults are individual trauma-focused psychotherapies. Other evidence-based treatments include specific antidepressant medications and non-trauma-focused psychotherapies.

Thoracic electrical impedance tomography for assessing progression of pulmonary dysfunction in ALS.

: We compared thoracic electrical impedance tomography (EIT) with slow vital capacity (SVC) to determine if EIT could monitor pulmonary function in ALS patients longitudinally. : Of 32 ALS patients and 32 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) initially enrolled in the Pulmonary Function via Impedance Tomography (PuFIT) study, 22 ALS and 20 HCs returned for a follow-up visit ∼3.9 months later.

Medicare Accountable Care Organization Treatment of Serious Mental Illness: Associations Between Behavioral Health Integration Activities and Outcomes.

Objective: Characterize the association between Medicare Accountable Care Organizations' (ACOs) behavioral health integration capability and quality and utilization among adults with serious mental illness (SMI).

Background: Controlled research supports the efficacy of integrating physical and mental health care for adults with SMI, yet little is known about the organizations integrating care and associations between integration capability and quality.

Methods: We surveyed Medicare ACOs (2017-2018 National Survey of ACOs, response rate 69%) and linked responses to 2016-2017 fee-for-service Medicare claims for beneficiaries with SMI.

Prenatal exposure to environmental bisphenols over time and their association with childhood asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis in the ECHO consortium.

Concerns persist about the potential impact of prenatal exposure to bisphenols (BP) and their replacement analogues on childhood asthma and allergies. Previous studies on single and small cohorts had limited statistical power, few investigated analogues BPF and BPS, and even fewer examined atopic outcomes. Our objective was to assess whether prenatal exposures to individual environmental bisphenols (BPA, BPF, BPS) influence risk of childhood asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis.