Overview of perianeurysmal edema following the endovascular management of cerebral aneurysms: A pooled analysis of 48 cases.

Background: Perianeurysmal edema occurring after endovascular treatment for cerebral aneurysms is uncommon compared to surgical clipping. The clinical aspects and the exact explanation are poorly understood.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science.

Ceftazidime-Avibactam in the Treatment of Patients with Bacteremia or Nosocomial Pneumonia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Introduction: Ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI) is a combination of the third-generation cephalosporin ceftazidime and the novel, non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor avibactam that is approved for the treatment of pediatric (≥ 3 months) and adult patients with complicated infections including hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonia (HAP/VAP), and bacteremia. This systematic literature review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO registration: CRD42022362856) aimed to provide a quantitative and qualitative synthesis to evaluate the effectiveness of CAZ-AVI in treating adult patients with bacteremia or nosocomial pneumonia caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (non metallo-β-lactamase-producing strains) and multi-drug resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections.

Methods: The databases included in the search, until November 7, 2022, were Embase and PubMed.

Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Associated Respiratory Diseases in Children and Adults.

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common cause of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI), particularly in neonates, infants and young children, with approximately 33 million infections worldwide each year. 1-2% of episodes lead to hospitalization. There are hardly any reliable epidemiological figures on hospital - ization in adults, whose burden of disease from RSV is probably markedly underestimated.

Association between lung function and dyspnoea and its variation in the multinational Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study.

Background: Dyspnoea is a common symptom of respiratory disease. However, data on its prevalence in general populations and its association with lung function are limited and are mainly from high-income countries. The aims of this study were to estimate the prevalence of dyspnoea across several world regions, and to investigate the association of dyspnoea with lung function.

Prevalence of chronic cough, its risk factors and population attributable risk in the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study: a multinational cross-sectional study.

Background: Chronic cough is a common respiratory symptom with an impact on daily activities and quality of life. Global prevalence data are scarce and derive mainly from European and Asian countries and studies with outcomes other than chronic cough. In this study, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of chronic cough across a large number of study sites as well as to identify its main risk factors using a standardised protocol and definition.

ERS/ESICM/ESCMID/ALAT guidelines for the management of severe community-acquired pneumonia.

Purpose: Severe community-acquired pneumonia (sCAP) is associated with high morbidity and mortality, and whilst European and non-European guidelines are available for community-acquired pneumonia, there are no specific guidelines for sCAP.

Methods: The European Respiratory Society (ERS), European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM), European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID), and Latin American Thoracic Association (ALAT) launched a task force to develop the first international guidelines for sCAP. The panel comprised a total of 18 European and four non-European experts, as well as two methodologists.

Risk factors for herpes zoster: should people with asthma or COPD be vaccinated?

Without vaccination, an estimated 1 in 3 individuals will develop herpes zoster (HZ) in their lifetime. Increased risk of HZ is attributed to impaired cell-mediated immunity, as observed in age-related immunosenescence or in individuals immunocompromised due to disease or immunosuppressive treatments. Most vaccination guidelines recommend HZ vaccination in all adults ≥ 50 years of age, although Shingrix was recently approved by the U.

Animal and human studies on developmental monaural hearing loss.

Asymmetric hearing has been the focus of many studies on brain plasticity in the past. Recently, the topic has gained clinical importance in cases with sequential cochlear implantation or in cases with deafness in one ear and preserved hearing in the other ear. Convergent evidence from animal experiments and from hearing impaired children suggest that asymmetric hearing during early development can reorganize the central auditory representation of the two ears with the consequence of a "stronger" representation of the better hearing ear with a "weaker" representation of the other, more poorly hearing, ear.

Optimising experimental research in respiratory diseases: an ERS statement.

Experimental models are critical for the understanding of lung health and disease and are indispensable for drug development. However, the pathogenetic and clinical relevance of the models is often unclear. Further, the use of animals in biomedical research is controversial from an ethical perspective.

Colonization-induced protection against invasive pneumococcal disease in mice is independent of CD103 driven adaptive immune responses.

Nasopharyngeal colonization with Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) is known to mount protective adaptive immune responses in rodents and humans. However, the cellular response of the nasopharyngeal compartment to pneumococcal colonization and its importance for the ensuing adaptive immune response is only partially defined. Here we show that nasopharyngeal colonization with S.

Nasopharyngeal colonization with Streptococcus pneumoniae triggers dendritic cell dependent antibody responses against invasive disease in mice.

Nasopharyngeal colonization with Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) is an important precondition for the development of pneumococcal pneumonia. At the same time, nasopharyngeal colonization with Spn has been shown to mount adaptive immune responses against Spn in mice and humans. Cellular responses of the nasopharyngeal compartment, including the nasal-associated lymphoid tissue, to pneumococcal colonization and their importance for developing adaptive immune responses are poorly defined.

Systemic endogenous erythropoietin and associated disorders in extremely preterm newborns.

Objective: To explore the association between concentrations of endogenous erythropoietin (EPO) in blood the first 2 weeks of life and neonatal disorders in extremely low gestational age newborns (ELGANs).

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: Neonatal care units at 14 participating hospitals in the USA.

Expression and function of histamine and its receptors in atopic dermatitis.

Background: Atopic dermatitis constitutes a most burdensome chronic inflammatory skin disease. Standard treatment is cumbersome and often targets its main symptom, pruritus, only insufficiently.

Findings: Recent advances in our understanding of the role of histamine and its four receptors suggest new approaches which target the histamine receptors alone or as combination therapies to more efficiently combat pruritus and inflammation in atopic dermatitis.

Elevated endogenous erythropoietin concentrations are associated with increased risk of brain damage in extremely preterm neonates.

Background: We sought to determine, in very preterm infants, whether elevated perinatal erythropoietin (EPO) concentrations are associated with increased risks of indicators of brain damage, and whether this risk differs by the co-occurrence or absence of intermittent or sustained systemic inflammation (ISSI).

Methods: Protein concentrations were measured in blood collected from 786 infants born before the 28th week of gestation. EPO was measured on postnatal day 14, and 25 inflammation-related proteins were measured weekly during the first 2 postnatal weeks.

Antecedents and correlates of visual field deficits in children born extremely preterm.

Aim: We sought to identify the antecedents and correlates of visual field deficits (VFDs) at age 2 years among infants born before the 28th week of gestation.

Methods: The visual fields of 1023 infants were assessed by confrontation at age 2 years. We compared the ante-and postnatal characteristics and exposures of the 65 infants with a VFD to their peers who did not have a VFD.

Inflammatory monocytes determine endothelial nitric-oxide synthase uncoupling and nitro-oxidative stress induced by angiotensin II.

Endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) uncoupling and increased inducible NOS (iNOS) activity amplify vascular oxidative stress. The role of inflammatory myelomonocytic cells as mediators of these processes and their impact on tetrahydrobiopterin availability and function have not yet been defined. Angiotensin II (ATII, 1 mg/kg/day for 7 days) increased Ly6C(high) and CD11b(+)/iNOS(high) leukocytes and up-regulated levels of eNOS glutathionylation in aortas of C57BL/6 mice.

In vitro and in vivo evaluation of a hydrogel reservoir as a continuous drug delivery system for inner ear treatment.

Fibrous tissue growth and loss of residual hearing after cochlear implantation can be reduced by application of the glucocorticoid dexamethasone-21-phosphate-disodium-salt (DEX). To date, sustained delivery of this agent to the cochlea using a number of pharmaceutical technologies has not been entirely successful. In this study we examine a novel way of continuous local drug application into the inner ear using a refillable hydrogel functionalized silicone reservoir.

Auditory critical periods: a review from system's perspective.

The article reviews evidence for sensitive periods in the sensory systems and considers their neuronal mechanisms from the viewpoint of the system's neuroscience. It reviews the essential cortical developmental steps and shows its dependence on experience. It differentiates feature representation and object representation and their neuronal mechanisms.

TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) exerts therapeutic efficacy for the treatment of pneumococcal pneumonia in mice.

Apoptotic death of alveolar macrophages observed during lung infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae is thought to limit overwhelming lung inflammation in response to bacterial challenge. However, the underlying apoptotic death mechanism has not been defined. Here, we examined the role of the TNF superfamily member TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) in S.