The corneal biomechanical changes of phacoemulsification in cataract patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: To evaluate the corneal biomechanical properties of phacoemulsification in the treatment of cataract patients.

Methods: Pertinent studies were searched in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and clinicaltrials.gov.

ERBB4 selectively amplifies TGF-β pro-metastatic responses.

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is well known to play paradoxical roles in tumorigenesis as it has both growth-inhibitory and pro-metastatic effects. However, the underlying mechanisms of how TGF-β drives the opposing responses remain largely unknown. Here, we report that ERBB4, a member of the ERBB receptor tyrosine kinase family, specifically promotes TGF-β's metastatic response but not its anti-growth response.

Endoplasmic Reticulum-Targeted Polymer-Manganese Nanocomplexes for Tumor Immunotherapy.

Manganese ions (Mn) are an immune activator that enhances the activation of both cGAS and STING proteins. The STING signaling activation and subsequential immune responses are predominantly associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Therefore, ER targeting of Mn in the subcellular compartments would promote the activation of STING signaling pathways.

Indole-3-Lactic Acid Inhibits Doxorubicin-Induced Ferroptosis Through Activating Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor/Nrf2 Signalling Pathway.

The clinical application of doxorubicin (DOX) is limited due to its cardiotoxicity, which is primarily attributed to its interaction with iron in mitochondria, leading to lipid peroxidation and myocardial ferroptosis. This study aimed to investigate the role of the gut microbiota-derived metabolite, indole-3-lactic acid (ILA), in mitigating DOX-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC). Cardiac function, pathological changes, and myocardial ferroptosis were assessed in vivo.

A CRISPR-Cas and Argonaute-Driven Two-Factor Authentication Strategy for Information Security.

The escalating growth in computing power and the advent of quantum computing present a critical threat to the security of modern cryptography. Two-factor authentication strategies can effectively resist brute-force attacks to improve the security of access control. Herein, we proposed a two-factor and two-authentication entity strategy based on the trans-cleavage activity of CRISPR-Cas and the "dual-step" sequence-specific cleavage of Argonaute.

3D Mechanical Response Stem Cell Complex Repairs Spinal Cord Injury by Promoting Neurogenesis and Regulating Tissue Homeostasis.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to acute tissue damage that disrupts the microenvironmental homeostasis of the spinal cord, inhibiting cell survival and function, and thereby undermining treatment efficacy. Traditional stem cell therapies have limited success in SCI, due to the difficulties in maintaining cell survival and inducing sustained differentiation into neural lineages. A new solution may arise from controlling the fate of stem cells by creating an appropriate mechanical microenvironment.

Galectin-1-Induced Tumor Associated Macrophages Repress Antitumor Immunity in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Through Recruitment of Tregs.

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are commonly considered accomplices in tumorigenesis and tumor development. However, the precise mechanism by which tumor cells prompt TAMs to aid in evading immune surveillance remains to be further investigated. Here, it is elucidated that tumor-secreted galectin-1 (Gal1) conferred immunosuppressive properties to TAMs.

Deep-Learning Generated Synthetic Material Decomposition Images Based on Single-Energy CT to Differentiate Intracranial Hemorrhage and Contrast Staining Within 24 Hours After Endovascular Thrombectomy.

Aims: To develop a transformer-based generative adversarial network (trans-GAN) that can generate synthetic material decomposition images from single-energy CT (SECT) for real-time detection of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) after endovascular thrombectomy.

Materials: We retrospectively collected data from two hospitals, consisting of 237 dual-energy CT (DECT) scans, including matched iodine overlay maps, virtual noncontrast, and simulated SECT images. These scans were randomly divided into a training set (n = 190) and an internal validation set (n = 47) in a 4:1 ratio based on the proportion of ICH.

Rationale and Design of the InsightPFA Trial: A Prospective, Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Trial of the Irreversible Electroporation-Based Pulsed Field Ablation Versus Radiofrequency Ablation in Chinese Patients With Symptomatic Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation.

Background: Pulsed field ablation (PFA) is gaining recognition as a nonthermal, tissue-specific technique for the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF). The preclinical evaluation of the investigated novel PFA system from Insight Medtech Co. Ltd has demonstrated feasibility, safety, and 30-day efficacy for pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) in the swine model.

Subtype-specific human endogenous retrovirus K102 envelope protein is a novel serum immunosuppressive biomarker of cancer.

Immune dysfunction is one of the hallmarks of cancer and plays critical roles in immunotherapy resistance, but there is no serum biomarker that can be used to evaluate immune-dysfunction status of cancer patients. Here, we identified subtype-specific human endogenous retrovirus K102 envelope (HERV-K102-Env) with immunosuppressive activity in circulating blood as a novel serum immunosuppressive biomarker of cancer. We first generated monoclonal antibodies against K102-Env with high sensitivity and specificity, and we developed an ELISA assay to detect serum K102-Env.

Key considerations based on pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic in the design of antibody-drug conjugates.

Background: Antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) is an anticancer drug that links toxins to specifically targeted antibodies via linkers, offering the advantages of high target specificity and high cytotoxicity. However, complexity of its structural composition poses a greater difficulty for drug design studies.

Objectives: Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) based consideration of ADCs has increasingly become a hot research topic for optimal drug design in recent years, providing possible ideas for obtaining ADCs with desirable properties.

Exploring the role of metabolic pathways in TNBC immunotherapy: insights from single-cell and spatial transcriptomics.

The article provides an overview of the current understanding of the interplay between metabolic pathways and immune function in the context of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). It highlights recent advancements in single-cell and spatial transcriptomics technologies, which have revolutionized the analysis of tumor heterogeneity and the immune microenvironment in TNBC. The review emphasizes the crucial role of metabolic reprogramming in modulating immune cell function, discussing how specific metabolic pathways, such as glycolysis, lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism, can directly impact the activity and phenotypes of various immune cell populations within the TNBC tumor microenvironment.

Unreliable information and fear: Barriers to vaccination among IBD patients in China.

Vaccination plays a crucial role in safeguarding individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) from potential epidemics. In light of the resurgence of COVID-19 in China, unvaccinated IBD patients are vulnerable to infection and potentially serious complications. The aim of this study is to assess the vaccination uptake and willingness among IBD patients, as well as to explore the factors influencing their decision to decline vaccination.

Relationship between Abnormal Lipid Metabolism and Gallstone Formation.

Cholelithiasis is a common biliary system disease with a high incidence worldwide. Abnormal lipid metabolism has been shown to play a key role in the mechanism of gallstones. Therefore, recent research literature on the genes, proteins, and molecular substances involved in lipid metabolism during the pathogenesis of gallstones has been conducted.

Global Epidemiology and health risks of Bacillus cereus Infections: Special focus on infant foods.

Bacillus cereus is a common pathogen responsible for gastrointestinal and other complicated disorders, yet epidemiological data and public health measures remain scarce. To bridge these gaps, a bilingual search spaning 50 years identified 266 relevant studies on global B. cereus infection, encompassing 6,135 cases.

Insights into the potential quality markers of Rubus chingii Hu fruit at different growth stages.

Unlabelled: Rubus chingii Hu fruit (RHF) is a medicinal and edible resource with excellent biological activities. Currently, the existing identification markers can't meet the needs of RHF quality control. This study collected RHF from cultivation fields of three origins [Qiandaohu (QDH), Lishui (LS), and Fuyang (YF)] at green, green to yellow, yellow to orange, and mature stages (G, G to Y, Y to O, M).

Minimally invasive mitral valve replacement redo surgery under ventricular fibrillation in a patient with dextrocardia and situs inversus totalis: a case report.

Background: Dextrocardia is a rare cardiac malposition where the heart's normal orientation is reversed and is most commonly associated with situs inversus totalis (SIT). Such cases are technically challenging when heart surgery is needed, especially re-do surgery.

Case Presentation: A 72-year-old female patient was referred to our hospital with complaints of chest tightness and reduced activity tolerance.

Performance of the 2023 diagnostic criteria for MOGAD: real-world application in a Chinese multicenter cohort of pediatric and adult patients.

Background: The clinical phenotypes of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) have been found to overlap with several other diseases. The new criteria proposed in 2023 were designed to better identify the disease but require validation across various populations to ascertain its clinical utility. We aimed to investigate the diagnostic performance in phenotypically diverse patients.

[Anterior approach for the revision surgery following bone cement augmentation in osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures].

Objective: To observe the clinical outcomes of anterior approach for the revision surgery following unsuccessful bone cement augmentation in osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures.

Methods: A total of 10 patients who experienced unsuccessful bone cement augmentation underwent anterior revision surgery between January 2020 and December 2021. There were 2 males and 8 females.

Discovery of -(1,2,4-Thiadiazol-5-yl)benzo[]oxepine-4-carboxamide Derivatives as Novel Antiresistance Androgen Receptor Antagonists.

The ligand-binding pocket of the androgen receptor (AR) is the targeting site of all clinically used AR antagonists. However, various drug-resistant mutations emerged in the pocket. We previously reported a new targeting site at the dimer interface of AR (dimer interface pocket) and identified a novel antagonist M17-B15 that failed in oral administration.

Subcutaneous Infection With Snow Leopard Sign on 18F-FDG PET/CT Mimicking Subcutaneous Panniculitis-Like T-Cell Lymphoma.

A 37-year-old man presented with a 2-month history of fever of unknown origin and erythema rashes on the trunk and limbs. 18F-FDG PET/CT revealed increased 18F-FDG uptake in subcutaneous panniculitis, forming a snow leopard sign, along with enlarged lymph nodes, which suggested subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma. However, skin biopsy indicated subcutaneous infection, and bone marrow biopsy revealed no abnormal lymphocytes.

Inhibition of PDT-induced PGE2 surge for enhanced photo-immunotherapy.

Nowadays, photodynamic therapy (PDT) offers a non-invasive tumor treatment with high safety profiles and minimal side effects, implying a promising clinical application for patients with malignant tumors. However, the lack of efficacy in metastasis and recurrence still notably limits its application. To solve this problem, one promising strategy is to improve the immune response activated by PDT.

UnICLAM: Contrastive representation learning with adversarial masking for unified and interpretable Medical Vision Question Answering.

Medical Visual Question Answering aims to assist doctors in decision-making when answering clinical questions regarding radiology images. Nevertheless, current models learn cross-modal representations through residing vision and text encoders in dual separate spaces, which inevitably leads to indirect semantic alignment. In this paper, we propose UnICLAM, a Unified and Interpretable Medical-VQA model through Contrastive Representation Learning with Adversarial Masking.

Peripheral Evolution of Tanshinone IIA and Cryptotanshinone for Discovery of a Potent and Specific NLRP3 Inflammasome Inhibitor.

Natural products (NPs) continue to serve as an invaluable source in drug discovery, and peripheral evolution of NPs is a highly efficient evolution strategy. Herein, we describe a unified "methyl to amide" peripheral evolution of Tanshinone IIA and Cryptotanshinone for discovery of NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors. There were 54 compounds designed and prepared, while the chemoinformatic analysis revealed that these evolved NP analogues occupy a unique chemical space.

Fluorescent Properties of Mesalazine-Loaded Hydrogel Nanocomposites for the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis.

This study synthesizes a novel three-dimensional (3D) porous coordination polymer (CP), {[Co(L)₀.₅(H₂O)]·NMP·H₂O} (1), via a solvothermal method in a mixed solvent of water and NMP (1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone), reacting Co(II) ions with H₄L (1,4-bis(5,6-carboxybenzimidazolylmethyl)benzene). The CP exhibits unique fluorescence properties, emitting at 420 nm under UV light excitation at 350 nm, and serves as a carrier for Mesalazine (MSZ) in therapeutic applications.