14,971 results match your criteria: "Hammersmith Hospital & Imperial College[Affiliation]"

Satiety Hormone LEAP2 After Low-Calorie Diet With/Without Endobarrier Insertion in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

J Endocr Soc

November 2024

PsychoNeuroEndocrinology Research Group, Division of Psychiatry, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK.

Context: The liver/foregut satiety hormone liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2) is an inverse agonist at the acyl ghrelin receptor (GHSR), increasing after food intake and decreasing after bariatric surgery and short-term nonsurgical weight loss, but effects of long-term dietary weight loss are unknown.

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine and compare the effects of these interventions on fasting and postprandial plasma LEAP2 and investigate potential metabolic mediators of changes in plasma LEAP2.

Methods: Plasma LEAP2 was measured in a previously published 2-year trial comparing standard medical management (SMM) (including 600-kcal/day deficit) with duodenal-jejunal bypass liner (DJBL, Endobarrier) insertion (explanted after 1 year) in adults with obesity and inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer disease.

Nat Rev Immunol

December 2024

Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette/Belvaux, Luxembourg.

Article Synopsis
  • Research highlights the significant role of immune processes in the development of Alzheimer's disease, which is the leading cause of dementia.
  • Various studies indicate that both innate and adaptive immune responses contribute to the disease's pathology and are influenced by genetics and lifestyle factors.
  • New therapeutic approaches targeting neuroinflammation are being explored in clinical settings, offering potential treatment options for Alzheimer's patients.
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Background: Medical cannabis (MC) has gained traction in oncology for managing cancer-related symptoms, but its integration faces challenges due to limited evidence, inconsistent guidelines, and varied legal frameworks.

Methods: The TASMAN study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of oncologists and palliative care providers globally regarding MC use in cancer care. A survey of healthcare providers from diverse regions and income levels was conducted.

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Utility of Cranial Ultrasound to Investigate Brain Injury in Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy.

Pediatr Neurol

November 2024

Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Neonatology, Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.

Background: With increasing availability of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in high-income countries, cranial ultrasound (cUS) is used less frequently to evaluate infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). This study aimed to correlate findings of brain injury on early postnatal cUS with brain injury on neonatal brain MRI performed as part of routine clinical care for near-term and term infants with moderate to severe HIE.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study comparing early postnatal cUS and later neonatal brain MRI using scoring systems with prognostic validity to assess brain injury in near-term/term infants with moderate or severe HIE.

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The impact of patient ethnicity on haematopoietic cell transplantation outcome: a retrospective cohort study on the UK experience.

Lancet Haematol

December 2024

British Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Guy's Hospital, London, UK; Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK.

Background: Patient ethnicity has been correlated with different outcomes after haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), with patients from minority ethnic backgrounds reported to have worse outcomes compared with White patients. To date, studies have been predominantly done in the USA, where health-care models are different to many European countries, including the UK. We aimed to evaluate the impact of patient-reported ethnicity on autologous and allogeneic HCT outcomes in the UK.

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Purpose: The ESPAC4 trial showed that adjuvant chemotherapy with gemcitabine plus capecitabine (GemCap) produced longer overall survival (OS) than gemcitabine monotherapy. Subsequently, the PRODIGE24-CCTG PA.6 trial showed even longer survival for modified fluorouracil, folinic acid, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin (mFOLFIRINOX) than gemcitabine but had more restrictive eligibility criteria.

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Article Synopsis
  • This study assesses the outcomes of adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma in obese versus nonobese patients, using data from 46 centers from 2012 to 2022.
  • It finds that while obesity does not significantly increase the rate of complications or comprehensive complication index (CCI), it does lead to a longer hospital stay for patients.
  • Furthermore, minimally invasive surgical techniques, like laparoscopic and robotic surgeries, are associated with less morbidity in obese patients, and a retroperitoneal approach may provide additional benefits.
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Article Synopsis
  • * An analysis of 302 pregnant women revealed that non-secretors with certain types of bacterial diversity had shorter gestational periods, particularly in those with depleted bacterial types early in pregnancy.
  • * The findings suggest that secretor status and the expression of blood-group antigens play a crucial role in the interaction between vaginal microbiota and pregnancy outcomes, especially regarding preterm birth risks.
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Topological embedding and directional feature importance in ensemble classifiers for multi-class classification.

Comput Struct Biotechnol J

December 2024

Section of Bioinformatics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom.

Cancer is the second leading cause of disease-related death worldwide, and machine learning-based identification of novel biomarkers is crucial for improving early detection and treatment of various cancers. A key challenge in applying machine learning to high-dimensional data is deriving important features in an interpretable manner to provide meaningful insights into the underlying biological mechanisms We developed a class-based directional feature importance (CLIFI) metric for decision tree methods and demonstrated its use for The Cancer Genome Atlas proteomics data. The CLIFI metric was incorporated into four algorithms, Random Forest (RF), LAtent VAriable Stochastic Ensemble of Trees (LAVASET), and Gradient Boosted Decision Trees (GBDTs), and a new extension incorporating the LAVA step into GBDTs (LAVABOOST).

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Deep phenotyping the right ventricle (RV) is essential for understanding the mechanisms of adaptive and maladaptive RV responses to pulmonary hypertension (PH). In this study, feature selection coupled with machine learning classification/ranking of specific cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features from cine-MRI, flow-sensitized, and extracellular-volume techniques were used to assess RV remodelling in monocrotaline (MCT) and Sugen hypoxia (SuHx) PH rats. Early physiological changes associated with RV adaptation were detected along with prediction of RV maladaptive outcomes.

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Angiotensin II Type-1 Receptor Antibody in Solid Organ Transplantation - Is It Time to Test?

Transpl Int

November 2024

Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, United Kingdom.

Article Synopsis
  • Angiotensin II type-1 receptor antibody (AT1R-Ab) is being investigated for its role in both acute and chronic antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) in organ transplants.
  • There is ongoing debate regarding previous literature in light of the new Banff AMR diagnostic classification system and updated histocompatibility testing guidelines from the STAR workgroup.
  • This review highlights the latest insights into how AT1R-Ab contributes to transplant rejection, clinical evidence supporting its harmful effects, and laboratory testing techniques used to detect it.
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Glucokinase (GK) catalyses the key regulatory step in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Correspondingly, hetero- and homozygous mutations in human cause maturity-onset diabetes of the young (GCK-MODY) and permanent neonatal diabetes (PNDM), respectively. To explore the possible utility of glucokinase activators (GKA) and of glucagon-like receptor-1 (GLP-1) agonists in these diseases, we have developed a novel hypomorphic allele in mice encoding an aberrantly spliced mRNA deleted for exons 2 and 3.

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Longitudinal Body Composition Identifies Hepatocellular Carcinoma With Cachexia Following Combined Immunotherapy and Target Therapy (CHANCE2213).

J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle

December 2024

Center of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.

Article Synopsis
  • The study investigates the impact of cancer cachexia in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), focusing on how body composition changes over time can help identify cachexia.
  • It utilizes a cohort of unresectable HCC patients treated with specific therapies, analyzing body composition through CT scans to categorize patients into different cachexia phases based on their skeletal muscle mass and total adipose tissue.
  • Findings reveal that patients experiencing significant declines in muscle and tissue mass have worse overall survival outcomes, highlighting the importance of monitoring body composition in HCC treatment plans.
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Association of chemotherapy completion rates and overall survival with postoperative complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

HPB (Oxford)

November 2024

Department of Organ Surgery and Transplantation, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 København Ø, Denmark; Center for Surgical Translation and Artificial Intelligence Research (CSTAR), Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 København Ø, Denmark. Electronic address:

Introduction: Despite the benefits of surgical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), over 30 % of patients fail to complete adjuvant oncological treatment. Whether postoperative complications affect chemotherapy completion rates and overall survival remains uncertain. We hypothesized that postoperative complications would be associated with chemotherapy delays, omission, and reduced overall survival (OS).

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Background: Ethnic inequities in maternity care persist in England for Black, African, Caribbean and mixed-Black heritage families, resulting in poorer care experiences and health outcomes than other minoritised ethnic groups. Co-production using an integrated care approach is crucial for reducing these disparities and improving care quality and safety. Therefore, this study aimed to understand the alignment of health and local authority professional perspectives with community needs on how to improve maternity experiences for this ethnic group within a London integrated care system (ICS).

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Left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) has emerged as a highly effective alternative to oral anticoagulation for stroke prevention in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Precise pre-procedural planning and meticulous post-procedural follow-up are essential for achieving successful LAAO outcomes. This review explores the latest advancements in three-dimensional (3D) transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) and computed tomography (CT) imaging modalities, which have considerably improved the planning, intra-procedural guidance, and follow-up processes for LAAO interventions.

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Article Synopsis
  • * Small-bowel endoscopy is crucial for diagnosing and managing NETs, working alongside other tools like biomarkers and imaging techniques.
  • * This approach can also aid in preoperative planning by locating tumors for surgery and addressing complications like variceal bleeding linked to NETs.
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Introduction: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD) and aspiration are risk factors in the development of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) in the lung transplant population. The aim of this study was to investigate if allograft function and survival improved after anti-reflux surgery (ARS) in lung transplant recipients.

Methods: In accordance with PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic search of MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane library databases from inception until 13/01/2024.

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Systemic treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma secondary to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

World J Clin Oncol

November 2024

Department of Surgery and Cancer, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer death globally, with 15% of cases arising on a background of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD is a heterogenous condition ranging from fatty liver to cirrhosis and is itself a growing global problem, with estimated worldwide prevalence of 50% in 2040. Pathophysiology of NAFLD-HCC is not well understood, there are no dedicated screening programs, and there have been no clinical studies of anti-cancer treatments in this population specifically.

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Reduced neurovascular coupling is associated with increased cardiovascular risk without established cerebrovascular disease: A cross-sectional analysis in UK biobank.

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

November 2024

Wolfson Centre for Prevention of Stroke and Dementia, Nuffield, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

Mid-life vascular risk factors predict late-life cerebrovascular diseases and poor global brain health. Although endothelial dysfunction is hypothesized to contribute to this process, evidence of impaired neurovascular function in early stages remains limited. In this cross-sectional study of 31,934 middle-aged individuals from UK Biobank without established cerebrovascular disease, the overall 10-year risk of cardiovascular events was associated with reduced neurovascular coupling (p < 2 × 10) during a visual task with functional MRI, including in participants with no clinically apparent brain injury on MRI.

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Monoallelic pathogenic variants in LEPR do not cause obesity.

Am J Hum Genet

December 2024

Inserm/CNRS UMR 1283/8199, Institut Pasteur de Lille, EGID, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France; University of Lille, Lille, France; Department of Metabolism, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
  • * A study analyzed LEPR variants in about 10,000 participants, identifying 86 rare heterozygous variants and confirming 12 as pathogenic, but most individuals with these variants did not show signs of obesity.
  • * The findings suggest no direct link between pathogenic LEPR variants and obesity risk or body mass index (BMI), raising concerns about prescribing setmelanotide based solely on the presence of these variants.
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Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a rare condition resulting from the compression of the brachial plexus and/or the subclavian vessels in the thoracic outlet (TO). Neurogenic TOS (NTOS) is the most common form in up to 95% of the cases, while venous TOS (VTOS) occurs in 3-5% and arterial TOS (ATOS) in 1-2% of the cases. Patients may suffer from the pathologic coexistence of arterio-venous compression in the TO called arterio-venous TOS (AVTOS) with an overlap of clinical symptoms.

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