A configurable two-tone electron spin resonance spectrometer.

Electron spin resonance (ESR) is a powerful tool for characterizing and manipulating spin systems, but commercial ESR spectrometers can be inflexible and designed to work in narrow frequency bands. This work presents a spectrometer built from off-the-shelf parts that, when coupled with easy-to-design resonators, enables ESR over a broad frequency range, including at frequencies outside the standard bands. It can operate at either a single frequency or at two frequencies simultaneously.

Refined methodology for quantifying virulence using .

Larvae of (the greater wax moth) are being increasingly used as a model to study microbial pathogenesis. In this model, bacterial virulence is typically measured by determining the 50% lethal dose (LD) of a bacterial strain or mutant. The use of to study pathogenesis, however, is challenging because of the extreme sensitivity of larvae to this bacterium.

Substantial Mercury Releases and Local Deposition from Permafrost Peatland Wildfires in Southwestern Alaska.

Increasing wildfire activity at high northern latitudes has the potential to mobilize large amounts of terrestrial mercury (Hg). However, understanding implications for Hg cycling and ecosystems is hindered by sparse research on peatland wildfire Hg emissions. In this study, we used measurements of soil organic carbon (SOC) and Hg, burn depth, and environmental indices derived from satellite remote sensing to develop machine learning models for predicting Hg emissions from major wildfires in the permafrost peatland of the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta (YKD) in southwestern Alaska.

Parent conversations with young children: Implications for child well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Parent-child conversations may minimize the impact of stressful situations on children's well-being. Parents were encouraged to talk with their children about the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, yet research suggests that parent stress in response to the pandemic was associated with disruptions in parenting and increased child emotional distress. In the present study, 205 parents of children aged 3-6 years (50.

The directed nature of social stereotypes.

Stereotypes are strategically complex. We propose that people hold not just stereotypes about what groups are generally like (e.g.

Ecology stereotypes exist across societies and override race and family structure stereotypes.

Perceivers hold ecology stereotypes-beliefs about how the environments others live in shape their behavior. Drawing upon a life history perspective, we examine the stereotypes people hold about those who live in relatively harsh and unpredictable ecologies. First, across diverse demographic groups and societies (the United States, India, Japan, Romania, the United Kingdom), people believe that individuals who live in harsh and unpredictable environments engage in "faster" behaviors ( = 2,078; from .

Bench-Stable 2-Halopyridinium Ketene Hemiaminals as Reagents for the Synthesis of 2-Aminopyridine Derivatives.

2-Chloro-1-(1-ethoxyvinyl)pyridinium triflate and several other bench-stable -(1-alkoxyvinyl) 2-halopyridinium triflates have been developed as reagents for the synthesis of valuable 2-aminopyridine scaffolds via unusually mild SAr substitutions with amine nucleophiles. Advantages of this approach include an operationally simple mix-and-stir procedure at room temperature or mild heat and ambient atmosphere and without the need for transition metal catalysts, coupling reagents, or high-boiling solvents. The stable -(1-ethoxyvinyl) moiety serves as a dual SAr-activating group and pyridine -protecting group that can be cleaved under thermal, acidic, or oxidative conditions.

Parent Facilitation of Child Emotion Regulation in ASD: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study.

Parents play a substantial role in their children's emotion regulation (ER) abilities. Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often have difficulties regulating their emotions, which can manifest as externalizing behavioral issues. Parents of children with ASD facilitate their children's ER development in response to unique challenges and stressors, often developing resiliency but other times contributing to their children's dysregulation and behavioral challenges.

Chromosome biology: Too big to fail.

Spindles are microtubule-based machines that segregate chromosomes during cell division. Spindle morphology and dynamics are malleable based on forces within the spindle, and a new study reveals the extreme plasticity of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae spindle to adapt and segregate engineered mega-chromosomes.

Detection of a Kinetically Competent Compound-I Intermediate in the Vancomycin Biosynthetic Enzyme OxyB.

Cytochrome P450 enzymes are abundantly encoded in microbial genomes. Their reactions have two general outcomes, one involving oxygen insertion via a canonical "oxygen rebound" mechanism and a second that diverts from this pathway and leads to a wide array of products, notably intramolecular oxidative cross-links. The antibiotic of-last-resort, vancomycin, contains three such cross-links, which are crucial for biological activity and are installed by the P450 enzymes OxyB, OxyA, and OxyC.

Scope of Negation, Gestures, and Prosody: The English Negative Quantifier as a Case in Point.

The present paper examines how English native speakers produce scopally ambiguous sentences and how they make use of gestures and prosody for disambiguation. As a case in point, the participants in the present study produced the English negative quantifiers. They appear in two different positions as (1) The election of no candidate was a surprise (a: 'for those elected, none of them was a surprise'; b: 'no candidate was elected, and that was a surprise') and (2) no candidate's election was a surprise (a: 'for those elected, none of them was a surprise'; b: # 'no candidate was elected, and that was a surprise.

Do social media use and patient satisfaction scores correlate with online award recognition among hip and knee arthroplasty specialists?

Introduction: The physician-patient interaction now begins before patients arrive in the office. Online ratings, social media profiles, and online award status are all components of physician online reputation which contributes to the patient's initial impressions. Therefore, it is important to understand the interplay of these factors and determine if there is a consistent trend indicating the value of this information.

Queer and/or Lesbian?: Amazons in Christa Wolf's .

In (1984), Wolf retells the Trojan War story from the perspective of the seer Cassandra, taking the Trojan War as a parallel to issues of her day. She uses the Amazons as important secondary characters, representing them as both woman-loving women and warriors. Wolf believes their valor in battle is only a version of men's militarism and thus provides no solution to the problem of war, her primary concern.

Preserved particulate organic carbon is likely derived from the subsurface sulfidic photic zone of the Proterozoic Ocean: evidence from a modern, oxygen-deficient lake.

Biological processes in the Proterozoic Ocean are often inferred from modern oxygen-deficient environments (MODEs) or from stable isotopes in preserved sediment. To date, few MODE studies have simultaneously quantified carbon fixation genes and attendant stable isotopic signatures. Consequently, how carbon isotope patterns reflect these pathways has not been thoroughly vetted.

Telehealth Use during COVID-19: An Exploratory Study on Adaptations and Experiences of Providers.

The current exploratory study examines the impact of the rapid acceleration of telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspective of healthcare providers. Understanding provider perspectives, particularly in terms of adaptations made during this critical time, is a useful lens into service innovation in times of crisis and can help elucidate successful strategies for continuing the use of telehealth during the postpandemic period. Fourteen providers from 11 different service agencies in a southeastern state were interviewed.

Informed Down-Sampled Lexicase Selection: Identifying Productive Training Cases for Efficient Problem Solving.

Genetic Programming (GP) often uses large training sets and requires all individuals to be evaluated on all training cases during selection. Random down-sampled lexicase selection evaluates individuals on only a random subset of the training cases, allowing for more individuals to be explored with the same number of program executions. However, sampling randomly can exclude important cases from the down-sample for a number of generations, while cases that measure the same behavior (synonymous cases) may be overused.

Longitudinal assessments of functional near-infrared spectroscopy background functional connectivity in low- and middle-income infants during a social cognition task.

Shortly after birth, human infants demonstrate behavioral selectivity to social stimuli. However, the neural underpinnings of this selectivity are largely unknown. Here, we examine patterns of functional connectivity to determine how regions of the brain interact while processing social stimuli and how these interactions change during the first 2 years of life.

Validating an algebraic approach to characterizing resonator networks.

Resonator networks are ubiquitous in natural and engineered systems, such as solid-state materials, electrical circuits, quantum processors, and even neural tissue. To understand and manipulate these networks it is essential to characterize their building blocks, which include the mechanical analogs of mass, elasticity, damping, and coupling of each resonator element. While these mechanical parameters are typically obtained from response spectra using least-squares fitting, this approach requires a priori knowledge of all parameters and is susceptible to large error due to convergence to local minima.

Historical changes in tree and impervious surface cover following urban renewal in a small postindustrial city.

Changes in tree cover and impervious surfaces have been observed across many cities in the United States over the past 70 years. Many municipalities are implementing tree planting programs in efforts to increase tree cover. A detailed understanding of historical changes in land cover can inform urban forest management.

Personal relevance affects the perceived immorality of politically-charged threats.

Personal similarities to a transgressor makes one view the transgression as less immoral. We investigated whether personal relevance might also affect the perceived immorality of politically-charged threats. We hypothesized that increasing the personal relevance of a threat would lead participants to report the threat as more immoral, even for threats the participant might otherwise view indifferently.

Somatovisceral influences on emotional development.

Frameworks of emotional development have tended to focus on how environmental factors shape children's emotion understanding. However, individual experiences of emotion represent a complex interplay between both external environmental inputs and internal somatovisceral signaling. Here, we discuss the importance of afferent signals and coordination between central and peripheral mechanisms in affective response processing.

Global circulation of low-end expertise: Knowledge, hierarchy, and labor migration in a Burmese oilfield.

This article examines the phenomenon of the "global circulation of low-end expertise" through an exploration of the social dynamics surrounding American oil drillers who migrated from the Pennsylvania oil region to British colonial Burma during the early 1900s to the mid-1930s. These working-class drillers, with practical knowledge in oil drilling acquired through familial and community networks, played a crucial role in operating mechanized oil wells and providing geological expertise in colonial Burma. Positioned between labor-intensive agricultural economies in colonial Asia and the higher echelons of British colonial society, these drillers occupied an intermediate social location.