Development and Predictors of Sarcopenic Dysphagia during Hospitalization of Older Adults.

The study aimed to investigate the impact of sarcopenia and sarcopenia-related conditions on the development of swallowing disorders during hospitalization. Older adult inpatients (n = 8768) without swallowing disorders in the premorbid period were studied. Sarcopenia-related conditions were evaluated in terms of nutritional status, physical status, and ambulatory conditions as well as hand-grip strength and muscle mass assessed by calf circumference.

Impact of Multiple Texture-Modified Diets on Oral Intake and Nutritional Status in Older Patients with Pneumonia: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Texture-modified diets (TMD) is often used in clinical practices for the treatment and prevention of pneumonia. However, it is unclear how stages of TMD affect the swallowing ability and nutritional status in patients with pneumonia. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the various stages of TMD and swallowing ability and nutritional status in older inpatients with pneumonia.

The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition-Defined Malnutrition Predicts Prognosis in Persons With Stroke-Related Dysphagia.

Objective: This study aimed to clarify the association between malnutrition and improvement of swallowing ability during rehabilitation of stroke patients.

Design: This was a retrospective cohort study.

Setting And Participants: One hundred eighty-eight older adults with oropharyngeal dysphagia after stroke who were admitted to a rehabilitation hospital.

Impact of edema on length of calf circumference in older adults.

Aim: Calf circumference, which is a known simple indicator of muscle mass, increases during edema. However, the extent to which edema increases calf circumference in older adults is unclear.

Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included patients aged ≥65 years whose nutritional status was assessed by nutrition support teams.

Sarcopenia and dysphagia: Position paper by four professional organizations.

This report was written by the Japanese Society of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, the Japanese Association of Rehabilitation Nutrition, the Japanese Association on Sarcopenia and Frailty, and the Society of Swallowing and Dysphagia of Japan to consolidate the currently available evidence on the topics of sarcopenia and dysphagia. Histologically, the swallowing muscles are of different embryological origin from somatic muscles, and receive constant input stimulation from the respiratory center. Although the swallowing muscles are striated, their characteristics are different from those of skeletal muscles.

Glottal Closure Surgery for Dysphagia Associated with Cerebral Hemorrhage, Tongue Defect, and Sarcopenia: A Case Report.

Background: Dysphagia occurs often after oral cancer surgery. However, no case of dysphagia in combination with cerebral hemorrhage, tongue defect, and sarcopenia has been reported. We describe the case of a 70-year-old man with dysphagia associated with a cerebral hemorrhage, tongue defect, and sarcopenia who received rehabilitation nutrition and underwent glottal closure.

High incidence of posterior glenoid dysplasia of the shoulder in young baseball players.

Background: Rounding of the posterior glenoid rim is observed in young throwing athletes with internal shoulder impingement and is considered developmental dysplasia of the glenoid. The aim of our study was to determine the incidence rate of dysplastic changes of the glenoid within a group of 92 young baseball players.

Methods: The study group included 92 male baseball players, with a mean age of 14.

Ultrasonography to Measure Swallowing Muscle Mass and Quality in Older Patients With Sarcopenic Dysphagia.

Background: Sarcopenic dysphagia is characterized by difficulty swallowing due to a loss of whole-body skeletal and swallowing muscle mass and function. However, no study has reported on swallowing muscle mass and quality in patients with sarcopenic dysphagia.

Objective: To compare the differences in swallowing muscle mass and quality between sarcopenic and nonsarcopenic dysphagia.

Case Reports Describing Amantadine Intoxication in a Rehabilitation Hospital.

Background: Amantadine is widely used to improve reduced spontaneity and prevent aspiration pneumonia. There are few reports on cases of amantadine intoxication in the field of rehabilitation.

Cases: Case 1 involved an 83-year-old man with a history of a lacunar infarction who was transferred to our rehabilitation hospital after a left femoral neck fracture and a left upper arm fracture.

New Swallowing Method to Improve Pharyngeal Passage of a Bolus by Creating Negative Pressure in the Esophagus-Vacuum Swallowing.

Herein, we present a case of a patient with Wallenberg syndrome with severe bulbar dysphagia who discovered a unique swallowing method: creating strong negative pressure in the esophagus to improve pharyngeal passage of a bolus. A 47-yr-old man presented with a subarachnoid hemorrhage secondary to a ruptured aneurysm in the right vertebral artery. After coil embolization, he experienced severe dysphagia due to Wallenberg syndrome and required tube feeding.

Soft obturator prosthesis for postoperative soft palate carcinoma: A clinical report.

An intraoral prosthesis with a soft flexible obturator was provided for a patient with a soft palate perforation after surgical and chemoradiotherapy treatments of a soft palate tumor. An obturator composed of movable and flexible silicone was attached to a structure similar to a palatal lift; it was therefore able to move according to the movement of the soft palate, which was confirmed by endoscopic examination. The application of this prosthesis resulted in complete disappearance of hypernasality and food reflux, and the patient was able to eat without particular limitation during daytime wearing.

Appropriate nutritional management in patients with impaired mastication and those with mild dysphagia: a multicenter study of the usefulness of novel foods processed and softened by enzymes.

Background And Objectives: Our aim was to investigate the safety of iEAT (a food that is softened by heat and enzyme homogeneous permeation) and iEAT-affected nutrition parameters, e.g., nutrition intake (calculated from the consumption rate in patients with impaired mastication and those with mild dysphagia).

The Criteria of Thickened Liquid for Dysphagia Management in Japan.

In Japan, the viscosity of thickened liquids is different among hospitals and nursing homes. In order to standardize viscosity of thickened liquids, the dysphagia diet committee of the Japanese Society of Dysphagia Rehabilitation developed the Japanese Dysphagia Diet 2013 (JDD2013). To decide on a definition of thickened liquids, the committee reviewed categories from other countries.

Effect of palatal augmentation prosthesis on pharyngeal manometric pressure in a patient with functional dysphagia: A case report.

Patients: A 53-year-old institutionalized male patient with a history of postoperative bilateral hypoglossal nerve injury was admitted for treatment of dysphagia. He experienced dysphagia involving oral cavity-to-pharynx bolus transportation because of restricted tongue movement and was treated with a palatal augmentation prosthesis (PAP), which resulted in improved bolus transportation, pharyngeal swallowing pressure, and clearance of oral and pharyngeal residue. The mean pharyngeal swallowing pressure at tongue base with the PAP (145.

Palatal lift prosthesis for bolus transport in a patient with dysphagia: A clinical report.

A palatal lift prosthesis (PLP) is an intraoral device that provides lift for the soft palate. The usual purpose of a PLP is to reduce nasopharyngeal reflux and the hypernasal speech caused by velopharyngeal incompetence. However, for this patient, the main purpose was to relieve a functional blockage at the oropharyngeal isthmus by suspending the soft palate.

Palatal and lingual augmentation prosthesis for patients with dysphagia and functional problems: A clinical report.

This clinical report describes the treatment of a patient with insufficient tongue movement due to bilateral hypoglossal nerve palsy. A palatal augmentation prosthesis and a mandibular intraoral prosthesis (lingual augmentation prosthesis) were provided for this patient to address his functional dysphagia problems. These problems included insufficient oral to pharynx bolus transportation and displacement of the tongue to the right posterior.

Reference values for hand grip strength in Japanese community-dwelling elderly: a meta-analysis.

Objectives: Reference values for hand grip strength in Japanese community-dwelling elderly independent in activities of daily living (ADLs) were calculated by meta-analysis.

Methods: Papers reporting data on hand grip strength in elderly Japanese adults ≥60 years of age and independent in ADLs were retrieved from electronic databases. Data were extracted from the selected papers and the weighted mean for hand grip strength by sex was calculated by random effect model.

[Dysphagia and swallowing rehabilitation].

Dysphagia is a life-threatening disorder caused by many medical conditions such as stroke, neurological disorders, tumors, etc. The symptoms of dysphagia are quite variable and diagnosed by observation or through screening involving instrumental swallowing examinations such as video-fluoroscopy and video-endoscopy, to determine functional severity and treatment-prognosis. Direct- and indirect-therapy is used with and without food, respectively.

Transcranial direct current stimulation improves swallowing function in stroke patients.

Background: Poststroke dysphagia can persist, leading to many complications.

Objective: We investigated whether noninvasive brain stimulation to the pharyngeal motor cortex combined with intensive swallowing therapy can improve dysphagia.

Methods: A total of 20 patients who had dysphagia for at least 1 month after stroke were randomly assigned to receive 10 sessions lasting 20 minutes each of either 1-mA anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) or a sham procedure to the ipsilesional pharyngeal motor cortex, along with simultaneous conventional swallowing therapies.

Reliability and validity of a tool to measure the severity of dysphagia: the Food Intake LEVEL Scale.

Context: Dysphagia is one of the most prevalent and distressing symptoms among palliative care patients, and a practical assessment tool is required.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of a tool to measure the severity of dysphagia: the Food Intake LEVEL Scale (FILS), a 10-point observer-rating scale.

Methods: The inter- and intrarater reliability was evaluated by three clinicians in 30 patients using weighted kappa statistics.

[Treatment and management for severe dysphagia: medication, rehabilitation and surgery].

Treatment and management for severe dysphagia consist of medication, rehabilitation and surgery. It is important to understand the prognosis of causative disease and dysphagia. The use of drug for dysphagia is restrictive and not so effective.

Lesion of the nucleus solitarius leads to impaired laryngeal sensation in bulbar palsy patients.

Background: In order to clarify the laryngeal sensation of bulbar palsy patients, we studied the relationship between laryngopharyngeal sensation and brainstem lesion in patients with dysphagia caused by bulbar palsy.

Methods: Fifteen patients with lateral medullary infarction and dysphagia were included in this study. We performed laryngeal sensory test using the flexible laryngoscope and probes method previously developed by Yaguchi et al.