Ideal mentolabial sulcus depth in long-face, short-face, and normal-face in female individuals.

Purpose: The harmony between the lips and the chin is an essential parameter in facial esthetics, and the mentolabial sulcus (MLS) represents the level of this harmony. This study aimed to assess the effect of MLS depth on facial profile attractiveness in long-face, short-face, and normal-face Iranian female individuals.

Methods: An observational study with a questionnaire was conducted, and a profile photograph of an Iranian female with class I occlusion was altered to create long-face, normal-face and short-face profiles with MLS depth ranging from 1 to 12 mm.

The effect of addressing the top 10 global causes of death on life expectancy in 2019: a global and regional analysis.

Background: The life expectancy (LE) index reflects health changes in society, highlighting trends in health quality and quantity. This study focused on analysing the impact of the top 10 causes of death on the global increase in LE in 2019.

Methods: Data on the top 10 causes of death in 2019 were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease website and a period life table was used to assess how eliminating these causes would impact LE.

Mobile health in communication disorders: willingness to use, attitude, advantages, and challenges from the perspective of patients.

Introduction: Communication disorders are one of the most common disorders that, if not treated in childhood, can cause many social, educational, and psychological problems in adulthood. One of the technologies that can be helpful in these disorders is mobile health (m-Health) technology. This study aims to examine the attitude and willingness to use this technology and compare the advantages and challenges of this technology and face-to-face treatment from the perspective of patients.

Raisin Production by Convective-Microwave Dryer and Optimization of Ochratoxin A Content, Physicochemical, Sensory Characteristics, and Fungal Load of Raisin.

Raisins are so popular in the human diet as a nutritional and sweet snack. The quality of this foodstuff depends on drying conditions. To minimize ochratoxin A (OTA) content and yeast and mold content (YMC) in raisins with favorable physicochemical and sensory properties, the response surface methodology (RSM) and the face-centered central composite design (FCCD) were utilized.

Comparative Evaluation of Canal Transport and Centralization Between ProTaper Next and XP-endo Shaper Systems Using CBCT Analysis: An In Vitro Study.

This study compared the apical transportation and centering ratio of ProTaper Next (PTN) and XP-endo Shaper (XPS) nickel titanium (NiTi) rotary files in curved root canals using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). The current in vitro study involved the mesiobuccal canals of mesial roots in 44 extracted mandibular first molars that exhibited apical curvature ranging from 10° to 30°. Two experimental groups were randomly formed from the teeth ( = 22) and subjected to instrumentation with PTN and XPS.

Optimizations of Placenta Extracellular Matrix-Loaded Silk Fibroin/Alginate 3D-Printed Scaffolds Structurally and Functionally for Bone Tissue Engineering.

Recent interest has been focused on extracellular matrix (ECM)-based scaffolds totreat critical-sized bone injuries. In this study, urea was used to decellularize and solubilize human placenta tissue. Then, different concentrations of ECM were composited with 8% alginate (Alg) and 12% silk fibroin (SF) for printing in order to produce a natural 3D construct that resembled bone tissue.

The Potential Role of Speech Rate as an Etiologic Factor in Dysphonia.

Objectives/hypothesis: Speech rate is deemed as one of the contributing factors in dysphonia. This study sought out if dysphonic patients speak faster than their normal counterparts. Also, the effects of dysphonia subtype (organic, functional, and neurologic), sex, and age on speech rate were investigated.

Insulin and myometrial contractility; Are there any links? A narrative review.

Contrary to the evidence supporting the role for insulin in stimulating uterine contraction, only a limited number of studies have highlighted the inhibitory effect of insulin on myometrial contractions in human and rodent. A hypothetical narrative review of the current literature was conducted, revealing the current literature and shows the potential inhibitory effects of insulin on myometrial contractility. These inhibitory mechanisms include activation of adenylyl cyclase signaling pathways, an increase in cAMP production, a decrease in Ca influx and cytosolic Ca, hyperpolarization of the cell membrane, and stimulation of NO synthesis.

Shiga Toxin: Emerging Producer Strains, Prophylactic Approaches, and Application in Cancer Therapy.

Shiga toxin-producing is the most prevalent bacterial strain responsible for Shiga toxin-related infections. While Shiga toxin is inherently toxic, it has potential therapeutic applications as a component of anticancer drugs. Despite its association with infections and harmful effects on human health, Shiga toxin is being explored as a viable element in drug delivery systems targeting cancer cells.

Prediction of urinary tract infection using machine learning methods: a study for finding the most-informative variables.

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a frequent health-threatening condition. Early reliable diagnosis of UTI helps to prevent misuse or overuse of antibiotics and hence prevent antibiotic resistance. The gold standard for UTI diagnosis is urine culture which is a time-consuming and also an error prone method.

Determinants of physical activity among female students based on the transtheoretical model.

This study investigates factors influencing physical activity based on the Transtheoretical model (TTM) among adolescents. This study was conducted on 745 individuals between the ages of 12 and 16 years and was analyzed using a generalized linear model (GLM) approach with appropriate link functions using both classical and Bayesian frameworks. The results show that in model 1, the probit link function is a more appropriate approach to determine the risk factors for physical activity.

Empagliflozin Ameliorates the Oxidative Stress Profile in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction: Results of a Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study.

Introduction: In the present study, we evaluated the impact of empagliflozin on serum levels of oxidative stress parameters in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) who also suffer from heart failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF).

Methods: In this prospective, single-center clinical trial, 80 patients with T2DM and HFrEF, stabilized on guideline-directed heart failure therapy and classified as New York Heart Association functional (NYHA) functional classes II or III, were randomized to receive either empagliflozin (10 mg/daily) or a matching placebo for a duration of 12 weeks. Serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), along with the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), were measured at baseline and after the 12-week treatment period.

The possible pathogenic mechanisms of microorganisms in infertility: a narrative review.

Infertility can harm a patient in physical, psychological, spiritual, and medical ways. This illness is unusual because it affects the patient's companion and the patient individually. Infertility is a multifactorial disease, and various etiological factors like infection are known to develop this disorder.

Antimicrobial Peptides Against Arboviruses: Mechanisms, Challenges, and Future Directions.

This review delves into the potential of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as promising candidates for combating arboviruses, focusing on their mechanisms of antiviral activity, challenges, and future directions. AMPs have shown promise in preventing arbovirus attachment to host cells, inducing interferon production, and targeting multiple viral stages, illustrating their multifaceted impact on arbovirus infections. Structural elucidation of AMP-viral complexes is explored to deepen the understanding of molecular determinants governing viral neutralization, paving the way for structure-guided design.

Effect of music therapy on behavioral and physiological neonatal outcomes: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.

Background: Previous studies have documented the effectiveness of music therapy in improving adverse neonatal outcomes in premature infants. However, this review aims to address the question of how long listening to music can enhance these neonatal outcomes.

Methods: To conduct this dose-response meta-analysis, we searched the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases.

The effect of probiotic administration on the severity of menopausal symptoms and mental health of postmenopausal women: a triple-blind randomized controlled trial in the West of Iran.

Objective: Menopausal symptoms are a reproductive health issue for women. Some studies have suggested that the use of probiotics may alleviate the severity of menopausal symptoms and mental health status. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of probiotic administration on the severity of menopausal symptoms and improve mental health in postmenopausal women in Hamadan, Western Iran.

Natural products in the treatment of diabetic foot infection.

Diabetic foot infections (DFIs) are a significant complication in diabetes mellitus, leading to increased morbidity, hospitalizations, and healthcare burdens. The growing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens has reduced the efficacy of conventional treatments, highlighting the need for alternative therapeutic strategies. Natural products, known for their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing properties, have garnered attention as potential treatments for DFIs.

Efficacy of two radiographic algorithms for detection of peri-implant bone defects on cone-beam computed tomography scans.

Background: Early detection of peri-implant bone defects can improve long-term durability of dental implants. By the advances in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanners and introduction of new algorithms, it is important to find the most efficient protocol for detection of bone defects. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of metal artifact reduction (MAR) and advanced noise reduction (ANR) algorithms for detection of peri-implant bone defects.

Evaluation of anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD antibody response after booster dose of SpikoGen® in individuals with two previous doses of Sinopharm and its association with HLA-DR and -DQ alleles.

Background: It has been demonstrated that COVID-19 vaccines confer significant protection, but temporal decay in the vaccine-induced antibodies has been reported; therefore, a third booster dose was considered. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II molecules act as antigen presenting structures, play critical roles in the formation of an efficient antibody response. The current study aimed to evaluate the anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) antibody response after the booster dose of SpikoGen® vaccine in individuals with a history of Sinopharm primary vaccination series and its association with HLA-DQB1 and -DRB alleles.

Comparison of Empathy with Patients between Surgical and Psychiatric Medical Residents.

Background: Empathy is considered paramount to the medical profession because it affects patients' satisfaction, compliance, and quality of care. It has been studied that medical residents in non-psychiatry specialties (especially general surgery) pay less attention to their patients' experiences and emotions. This study measured and compared surgical and psychiatric medical residents' empathy scores.

Barriers and challenges of establishing family physician policy for urban population; evidence from a qualitative study in Iran.

Background: Family physicians play a crucial role in healthcare delivery systems worldwide. In Iran, the family physician program has been introduced in only two provinces, with its expansion to other regions currently stalled due to various challenges. This study aims to identify the barriers and challenges hindering the effective implementation of the family physician program in urban areas of Iran.

The interactions of spontaneous abortion, dietary intake of selenium, and fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) genotype: a case-control study in Iran.

Background: Spontaneous abortion (SA) is reported to be associated with Fat Mass And Obesity-Associated FTO genotype and dietary intake of selenium. This research assessed the potential interactions between the risk of SA, dietary selenium intake, and the FTO rs9939609 polymorphism.

Methods: This case-control study encompassed 192 women who experienced SA and 347 control participants.

Association of TNF-α genetic variants with neonatal bronchopulmonary dysplasia: consolidated results.

Objectives: Inflammation is increasingly recognized as a key factor in the pathophysiology of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). While previous research has established significant links between TNF-α polymorphisms and BPD susceptibility, further validation of these associations is needed. This study aims to examine the relationship between TNF-α polymorphisms and the risk of BPD.