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Cardiometabolic risk factors and brain age: a meta-analysis to quantify brain structural differences related to diabetes, hypertension, and obesity.
J Psychiatry Neurosci
March 2025
From the Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S. (Selitser, Dietze, McWhinney, Hajek) and the Charles University, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (Hajek).
Background: Cardiometabolic risk factors - including diabetes, hypertension, and obesity - have long been linked with adverse health outcomes such as strokes, but more subtle brain changes in regional brain volumes and cortical thickness associated with these risk factors are less understood. Computer models can now be used to estimate brain age based on structural magnetic resonance imaging data, and subtle brain changes related to cardiometabolic risk factors may manifest as an older-appearing brain in prediction models; thus, we sought to investigate the relationship between cardiometabolic risk factors and machine learning-predicted brain age.
Methods: We performed a systematic search of PubMed and Scopus.