A comprehensive map of DNA-segment copy number variation in 491 genomes of common wheat uncovers genes associated with multiple agronomic traits.

DNA-segment copy number variations (DSCNVs), such as deletions and duplications, are important sources of genomic structural variation. However, types and sizes of DSCNVs in wheat, as well as their genome-wide distribution and potential functions are poorly known. Here, we identified 198,985 DSCNVs by investigating 491 genomes of common wheat, which accounted for 20% of the entire genome.

A haplotype-resolved and chromosome-scale genome assembly of Hainan muntjac (Muntiacus nigripes).

The Hainan muntjac (Muntiacus nigripes) is a wild animal endemic to Hainan, China. Its species distribution and the diversity of muntjac karyotypes have attracted much attention. Although genomic resources have increased in recent years, relevant genome assembly data of Hainan muntjac are still lacking.

Influence of consumer satisfaction on brand allegiance: An empirical investigation in Pakistan's safety and luxury automobile sector.

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the influence of customer satisfaction on brand loyalty within Pakistan's safety luxury automobile sector, featuring Toyota Indus, Honda, and Suzuki as key players.

Methods: Employing a quantitative approach, the research collected data from 275 customer questionnaires. The study examined the relationships between customer expectations, perceived quality, perceived value, and brand loyalty.

Balancing methane emission and alkalinity conservation: Insights from mineral amendments in coastal sediments.

With global climate warming and ocean acidification, mineral amendments in coastal areas have emerged as a promising strategy to bolster carbon sinks and alkalinity. However, most research has predominantly focused on carbon dioxide (CO) absorption, with limited exploration of methane (CH) reduction despite its more potent greenhouse effect. To address this gap, our study conducted a microcosm manipulative experiment employing coastal wetlands sediments to elucidate the regulatory effects of various mineral amendments on greenhouse gas emissions (including CO and CH) and seawater alkalinity.

Discovery of marine ent-eudesmane sesquiterpenoids as angiogenic inhibitors via suppressing VEGF-A/VEGFR2 signaling pathway.

Increasing evidence underscores the pivotal role of tumor angiogenesis for tumorigenesis and tumor metastasis. Inhibiting the tumor angiogenesis process is a promising therapeutic approach for cancer. In order to search for natural angiogenic inhibitors, the chemical constitutes of a marine-derived fungus Eutypella sp.

Deep learning-based low count whole-body positron emission tomography denoising incorporating computed tomography priors.

Background: Deep-learning-based denoising improves image quality and quantification accuracy for low count (LC) positron emission tomography (PET). Conventional deep-learning-based denoising methods only require single LC PET image input. This study aims to propose a deep-learning-based LC PET denoising method incorporating computed tomography (CT) priors to further reduce the dose level.

Severe interstitial lung disease risk prediction in anti-melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 positive dermatomyositis: the STRAD-Ro52 model.

Objective: Anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5-positive dermatomyositis-associated interstitial lung disease (MDA5DM-ILD) often leads to acute respiratory failure and endangers lives. This study quantitatively analysed chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) images to assess MDA5DM-ILD and establish a risk prediction model for severe ILD within six months.

Methods: We developed a 'Standardized Threshold Ratio Analysis & Distribution' (STRAD) to analyse lung HRCT images.

Effects of acute-phase COVID-19-related indicators on pulmonary fibrosis and follow-up evaluation.

Background: Post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis is a significant long-term respiratory morbidity affecting patients' respiratory health. This exploratory study aims to investigate the incidence, clinical characteristics, and acute-phase risk factors for pulmonary fibrosis in COVID-19 patients. Additionally, it evaluates pulmonary function and chest CT outcomes to provide clinical evidence for the early identification of high-risk patients and the prevention of post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis.

Pd/Cu-TCPP(Fe)-polydopamine mediated magnetic relaxation switching immunosensor for sensitive detection of chlorpyrifos.

This study presents the development of a magnetic relaxation switching (MRS) immunosensor for the sensitive detection of chlorpyrifos (CPF) with a signal amplification strategy using Pd/Cu-TCPP(Fe) hybrid nanosheets and polydopamine (PDA). Pd/Cu-TCPP(Fe) nanosheets, which exhibit high peroxidase-like activity and excellent storage stability, making them suitable replacements for natural enzymes in biosensors, are further functionalized with goat anti-mouse IgG (Ab) to construct an immunosensor. The mechanism relies on the competition between free CPF and the immobilized bovine serum albumin-CPF conjugates for antibody binding, which modulates the aggregation of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) that are related to the transverse relaxation time.

High-throughput mesoscopic optical imaging data processing and parsing using differential-guided filtered neural networks.

High-throughput mesoscopic optical imaging technology has tremendously boosted the efficiency of procuring massive mesoscopic datasets from mouse brains. Constrained by the imaging field of view, the image strips obtained by such technologies typically require further processing, such as cross-sectional stitching, artifact removal, and signal area cropping, to meet the requirements of subsequent analyse. However, obtaining a batch of raw array mouse brain data at a resolution of can reach 220TB, and the cropping of the outer contour areas in the disjointed processing still relies on manual visual observation, which consumes substantial computational resources and labor costs.

Diet shapes and maintains the personalized native gut microbiomes in mice.

Background: The gut microbiome plays a critical role in human health and disease. Different dietary backgrounds play an important role in the uniqueness and diversity of the gut microbiota in different individuals, which promotes heterogeneity in disease phenotypes and treatment responses. Here, we explored how diet affects the composition and function of the native gut microbiome of model mice, based on the shotgun metagenomic and metabolomic, by analyzing the gut microbiome of C57B/6J mice in different dietary backgrounds.

Interlimb and Intralimb Synergy Modeling for Lower Limb Assistive Devices: Modeling Methods and Feature Selection.

The concept of gait synergy provides novel human-machine interfaces and has been applied to the control of lower limb assistive devices, such as powered prostheses and exoskeletons. Specifically, on the basis of gait synergy, the assistive device can generate/predict the appropriate reference trajectories precisely for the affected or missing parts from the motions of sound parts of the patients. Optimal modeling for gait synergy methods that involves optimal combinations of features (inputs) is required to achieve synergic trajectories that improve human-machine interaction.

Knockdown of the ZcVgR Gene Alters the Expression of Genes Related to Reproduction and Lifespan in Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett) Under Extreme Heat Conditions.

Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett) is an important migratory vegetable pest. Previous research has demonstrated that short-term high temperatures induce differential expression of the vitellogenin receptor (ZcVgR) gene, reducing the number of eggs laid and the lifespan of female Z. cucurbitae.

CoP electrocatalysts embedded in nitrogen-doped carbon as a host toward fast iodine conversions.

Herein, well-dispersed cobalt phosphide (CoP) electrocatalysts embedded in nitrogen-doped carbon (CoP@NC) were developed as an iodine host for zinc iodine batteries. Benefiting from the high electrical conductivity of the carbon matrix and the strong interaction as well as the efficient electrocatalytic activity of CoP with iodine species, the host achieved rapid iodine conversion while effectively suppressing the formation of polyiodides and zinc dendrites.

Carbon Nanocage-in-Microcage Structure With Tunable Carbon-Coated Nickel as a Microwave Absorber With Infrared Stealth Property.

The rational design of microwave absorption (MA) material featuring light weight, wide absorption bandwidth, and infrared stealth property is crucial for military stealth and health protection but remains challenging. Herein, an innovative N-doped carbon nanocage-in-microcage structure with tunable carbon-coated Ni (NC/Ni(HS)) is reported via a reliable Ni-catalyzed and Ni-templated method. The hierarchically hollow structure of nanocage-in-microcage composites can optimize the impedance matching and respond to multiple reflections and scattering of incident microwaves and infrared waves.

Routing Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks Based on a Trust Model and Void-Avoided Algorithm.

Underwater wireless sensor networks have a wide range of application prospects in important fields such as ocean exploration and underwater environment monitoring. However, the influence of complex underwater environments makes underwater wireless sensor networks subject to many limitations, such as resource limitation, channel openness, malicious attacks, and other problems. To address the above issues, we propose a routing scheme for underwater wireless networks based on a trust model and Void-Avoided algorithm.

Modified Magnesium Oxysulfate Foam Cement Doped with Iron Tailings.

The enhancement of the utilization rate of solid waste, along with balancing the comprehensive performance of materials, presents a significant challenge in the development of new functional building materials. This study examined the effects of high concentrations of iron tailing powder on the crystallization characteristics, pore structure, compressive strength, and water absorption of modified magnesium oxysulfate (MOS) foam cement with different dry densities. Furthermore, employing chemical foaming technology, the study characterized and analyzed the microstructure of modified MOS foam cement hydration products through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD).

Comprehensive Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profiling of Transcription Factors in Under Abiotic Stress.

The basic helix-loop-helix () transcription factor (TF) family, the second-largest among eukaryotes, is known for its evolutionary and functional diversity across plant species. However, genes have not yet been characterized in . In this study, we identified 76 genes, which exhibit a variety of physicochemical properties.

Characterization and Analysis of the Functional Differences of the Two Eclosion Hormones in Regulating Molting in the White Shrimp .

, with an annual production of 5-6 million tons and a value of USD 50-60 billion, is a cornerstone of global aquaculture. However, molting-related losses of 5-20% significantly impact this industry, and the physiological mechanisms of molting remain unclear. This study aims to elucidate the role of eclosion hormone (EH) in molting regulation and enhances the understanding of molting physiology in .

Stage-Specific Effects of Silver Nanoparticles on Physiology During the Early Growth Stages of Rice.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), widely utilized nanomaterials, can negatively affect crop growth and development. However, it remains unclear whether crops exhibit similar responses to AgNPs stress at seed germination and seedling stages. In this study, rice seeds and seedlings were exposed to AgNPs, and their growth, photosynthetic efficiency, and antioxidant systems were recorded.

Highly Efficient Mediated Transformation of Oil Palm Using an -Glyphosate Selection System.

Oil palm ( Jacq.) is the most efficient oil-producing crop globally, yet progress in its research has been hampered by the lack of effective genetic transformation systems. The gene, encoding 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase, has been used as a transgenic selection marker in various crops, including rice and soybean.

Genome-Wide Dissection of Selection on microRNA Target Genes Involved in Rice Flower Development.

Although genome-wide studies have identified a number of candidate regions evolving under selection in domesticated animals and cultivated plants, few attempts have been made, from the point of a definite biological process, to assess sequence variation and characterize the regimes of the selection on miRNA-associated motifs. Here, we performed a genome-wide dissection of nucleotide variation and selection of miRNA targets associated with rice flower development. By sampling and resequencing 26 miRNA targets for globally diverse representative populations of Asian cultivated rice and wild relatives, we found that purifying selection has reduced genetic variation at the conserved miRNA binding sites on the whole, and highly conserved miRNA binding sequences were maintained in the studied rice populations.

Effect of Dual-Modified Tapioca Starch/Chitosan/SiO Coating Loaded with Clove Essential Oil Nanoemulsion on Postharvest Quality of Green Grapes.

As consumer awareness regarding health and nutrition continues to increase, there is a growing demand for fresh, nutritious fruits such as green grapes. However, the short storage life and susceptibility of these fruits to spoilage lead to significant commercial losses. Currently, the plastic wrap method is commonly used to keep green grapes fresh, but this packaging effect is limited and not environmentally friendly.

Compositional Analysis of Grape Berries: Mapping the Global Metabolism of Grapes.

To characterize the nutrients and bioactive compounds in grape berries and to explore the real cause of the "French paradox" phenomenon, we performed metabolomic analysis of 66 grape varieties worldwide using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS). A nontargeted metabolomics approach detected a total of 4889 metabolite signals. From these, 964 bioactive and nutrient compounds were identified and quantified, including modified flavonoids, medicinal pentacyclic triterpenoids, vitamins, amino acids, lipids, etc.

Fire Reduces Soil Nitrate Retention While Increasing Soil Nitrogen Production and Loss Globally.

Elucidating the response of soil gross nitrogen (N) transformations to fires could improve our understanding of how fire affects N availability and loss. Yet, how internal soil gross N transformation rates respond to fires remains unexplored globally. Here, we investigate the general response of gross soil N transformations to fire and its consequences for N availability and loss.