Wired together, change together: Spike timing modifies transmission in converging assemblies.

The precise timing of neuronal spikes may lead to changes in synaptic connectivity and is thought to be crucial for learning and memory. However, the effect of spike timing on neuronal connectivity in the intact brain remains unknown. Using closed-loop optogenetic stimulation in CA1 of freely moving mice, we generated unique spike patterns between presynaptic pyramidal cells (PYRs) and postsynaptic parvalbumin (PV)-immunoreactive cells.

Breast Multiparametric MRI for Prediction of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Response in Breast Cancer: The BMMR2 Challenge.

Purpose To describe the design, conduct, and results of the Breast Multiparametric MRI for prediction of neoadjuvant chemotherapy Response (BMMR2) challenge. Materials and Methods The BMMR2 computational challenge opened on May 28, 2021, and closed on December 21, 2021. The goal of the challenge was to identify image-based markers derived from multiparametric breast MRI, including diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI, along with clinical data for predicting pathologic complete response (pCR) following neoadjuvant treatment.

Infant screen media and child development: A prospective community study.

The current study examined longitudinal associations between early screen media exposure (assessed at 6, 12, and 24 months) and the child's motor and language/communication development at the ages of 24 and 36 months. We also aimed to study whether these associations varied by socioeconomic status (SES). Participants were 179 parent-infant dyads, recruited from well-baby clinic services during routine visits.

Home care and quality of life among community-dwelling dependent older adults in Israel: a multiple mediator model.

Purpose: To examine the association between home care provision (combined paid formal home care and non-paid family-only home care) versus non-paid family-only home care with quality of life (QoL) of older adults, as well as the mediating effects of loneliness, social isolation and satisfaction with family relationships and support.

Methods: A convenience sample of 360 Israeli dependent adults aged 65 + responded to questionnaires. Using bootstrapping, we tested the strength and significance of the conditional indirect effects of the four simultaneous mediators.

The responsibility of bioethicists: The case study of Yemen.

In this article, we describe in detail the health and general living conditions resulting from the ongoing armed conflict in Yemen, including the historical and geopolitical underpinnings. In addition to mere reporting, we use Yemen as a case study to examine the responsibility of bioethicists in general. We find it unacceptable that bioethics neglects the largest humanitarian crisis taking place in the world at the moment as well as the largest Cholera outbreak in history.

Assessing the weed infestation potential of dredged streambed sediments targeted for reuse in agricultural fields.

One of the problematic outcomes of soil erosion is sedimentation in stream channels adjacent to agricultural areas. Excess sediments routinely dredged are subsequently dumped in the riparian zone, where the prolonged presence of dredged sediment piles threatens the eco-hydrological balance of the agricultural-riverine environments. Reusing dredged sediments as an amendment for adjacent agricultural fields may serve as an alternative solution.

The effect of Oxytocin administration on patient-therapist alliance congruence: Results from a randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: The effects of oxytocin (OT) administration on psychotherapeutic processes have thus far been elusive. This study explored the effect of OT administration on patient-therapist congruence of the working alliance.

Method: Inpatients with mental disorders (= 87) participating in a randomized controlled trial received OT (= 44) or placebo (= 43) intranasally twice a day, for four weeks.

Short-term auditory priming in freely-moving mice.

Priming, a change in the mental processing of a stimulus as a result of prior encounter with a related stimulus, has been observed repeatedly and studied extensively in humans. Yet currently, there is no behavioral model of short-term priming in lab animals, precluding research on the neurobiological basis of priming. Here, we describe an auditory discrimination paradigm for studying response priming in freely moving mice.

Positive and biphasic extracellular waveforms correspond to return currents and axonal spikes.

Multiple biophysical mechanisms may generate non-negative extracellular waveforms during action potentials, but the origin and prevalence of positive spikes and biphasic spikes in the intact brain are unknown. Using extracellular recordings from densely-connected cortical networks in freely-moving mice, we find that a tenth of the waveforms are non-negative. Positive phases of non-negative spikes occur in synchrony or just before wider same-unit negative spikes.

The Israeli law for the rehabilitation in the community of persons with psychiatric disabilities: Achievements and challenges.

Objective: The Community Rehabilitation of Persons with Mental Health Disability Law (2000a) is one of Israel's most important pieces of social legislation. It grants persons with psychiatric disabilities the right to receive rehabilitation in the community. This article is a case study of the development and implementation of a policy that led to the Rehabilitation Reform and that has become an important component in Israel's comprehensive mental health reform.

Machine vision-based automatic lamb identification and drinking activity in a commercial farm.

Using ear tags, farmers can track specific data for individual lambs such as age, medical records, body condition scores, genetic abnormalities; to make data-based decisions. However, automatic reading of ear tags using Radio Frequency Identification requires (a) an antenna, (b) a reader, (c) comparable reading standards; consequently, such a system can be expensive and impractical for a large group of lambs, especially in situations where animals are not required to have a compulsory Electronic identification, contrary to the case in Europe, where it is mandatory. Therefore, this paper proposes a machine vision system for indoor animals to identify individual lambs using existing ear tags.

[SLEEP HABIT MODIFICATION AS A POSSIBLE PREVENTION OF RECURRENT BENIGN PAROXYSMAL POSITIONAL VERTIGO].

Background: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is effectively treated with a variety of repositioning maneuvers but one-third to one-half of patients experience recurrence, usually within 2 years after the first attack.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate possible prevention of recurrent BPPV by sleep habit modification.

Methods: Patients diagnosed with posterior semicircular canal BPPV (p-BPPV) were asked their preferred lying side during nocturnal sleep.

Against loneliness we unite: A solidarity-based account of loneliness.

Loneliness is ubiquitous and is bad for our health, making it a bioethical concern. It is perhaps true now more than ever before. Recent publications in bioethics have discussed loneliness in the context of responsibility, solidarity, and autonomy, especially relational autonomy.

Disentangling the neural correlates of agency, ownership and multisensory processing.

The experience of the self as an embodied agent in the world is an essential aspect of human consciousness. This experience arises from the feeling of control over one's bodily actions, termed the Sense of Agency, and the feeling that the body belongs to the self, Body Ownership. Despite longstanding philosophical and scientific interest in the relationship between the body and brain, the neural systems involved in Body Ownership and Sense of Agency, and especially their interactions, are not yet understood.

The Vagal Nerve, Inflammation, and Diabetes-A Holy Triangle.

Type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) is a common chronic disease and a substantial risk factor of other fatal illnesses. At its core is insulin resistance, where chronic low-level inflammation is among its main causes. Thus, it is crucial to modulate this inflammation.

Evolutionarily diverse origins of deformed wing viruses in western honey bees.

Novel transmission routes can allow infectious diseases to spread, often with devastating consequences. Ectoparasitic varroa mites vector a diversity of RNA viruses, having switched hosts from the eastern to western honey bees ( to ). They provide an opportunity to explore how novel transmission routes shape disease epidemiology.

Sow in tears and reap in joy: Eye tracking reveals age-related differences in the cognitive cost of spoken context processing.

Older adults have been found to use context to facilitate word recognition at least as efficiently as young adults. This may pose a conundrum, as context use is based on cognitive resources that are considered to decrease with aging. The goal of this study was to shed light on this question by testing age-related differences in context use and the cognitive demands associated with it.

The Relationship Between Immune and Inflammatory Markers and Short-term Clinical Outcomes after Stroke: Side Matters.

Background: The two cerebral hemispheres influence the immune response differently. While the left hemisphere enhances cellular immunity, the right hemisphere inhibits it.

Objectives: To determine whether immune and inflammatory markers correlated with stroke severity and hospitalization duration as a function of stroke side.

Vagal Nerve Activity and Short-Term Clinical Outcomes after Stroke: What Is Left May Not Be Right.

Stroke is a leading cause of death worldwide. Multiple factors influence the severity of stroke. Normal functional and biological differences seen between the hemispheres may also be related to stroke severity.

Challenges and obstacles implementing evidence-based food fortification policy in a high-income country.

The World Health Organization (WHO) recognizes food fortification as one of the most cost-effective and beneficial public health measures available. Mass fortification policies and regulations can reduce health disparities, including in high-income countries, by improving micronutrient intake among food-insecure or high-risk populations without changing their diet or behavior. While international health organizations have traditionally prioritized technical assistance and grants to medium and low-income countries, it is important to recognize that micronutrient deficiencies may also pose an important yet underappreciated public health problem in many high-income countries.

The paradoxical effects of professional stereotypes on the quality of care by interprofessional teams: The contingent effects of team faultlines, team stereotypes, and championship behaviors.

Background: Despite calls for interprofessional teamwork to ensure quality care in healthcare settings, interprofessional teams do not always perform effectively. There is evidence that professional stereotypes inhibit effective interprofessional teamwork, but they haven't been explored as a phenomenon that impacts team's performance and quality of care.

Objectives: To focus on professional stereotypes emerging in interprofessional teams and examine the contingency effects of interprofessional team's faultlines, professional stereotypes, and leader's championship behaviors on team's quality of care.