Fungal β-1, 3-glucanosyltransferases: A comprehensive review on classification, catalytic mechanism and functional role.

β-1,3-Glucans form the major carbohydrate component of fungal cell walls, playing a vital role in cell viability, stress response, virulence, and even healthy functions such as immuno-enhancement. The elongation and branching of β-1,3-glucans is a mystery. More evidence proved the β-1, 3-glucantransferases belonging to GH72 or GH17 family to branch and remodel the synthesized linear β-1, 3-glucan chain by cleaving its internal β-1, 3-linkage and transfer the cleaved fragment to the nonreducing end of another β-1, 3-glucan acceptor.

Intestinal microbial community well explain larval growth than feed types.

Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) are considered a sustainable ingredient in livestock feed. However, addressing issues related to feed substrate and intestinal microbiota is essential to ensure optimal larval development. The aim of this study was to assess and elucidate the contribution of substrate nutrients and intestinal microbes to protein and fat synthesis in BSFL.

The food safety assessment of all-female common carp (Cyprinus carpio) (cyp17a1+/-;XX genotype) generated using genome editing technology.

There are several technical challenges and public issues concerning genome editing applications before they become viable in commercial aquaculture. Recently, we developed a novel strategy to generate all-female (AF) common carp, which exhibited a growth advantage over the control carp, using genetic editing through single gene-targeting manipulation. Here, we found that the body weight of the AF common carp was higher by 22.

Nonenveloped Avian Reoviruses Released with Small Extracellular Vesicles Are Highly Infectious.

Vesicle-encapsulated nonenveloped viruses are a recently recognized alternate form of nonenveloped viruses that can avoid immune detection and potentially increase systemic transmission. Avian orthoreoviruses (ARVs) are the leading cause of various disease conditions among birds and poultry. However, whether ARVs use cellular vesicle trafficking routes for egress and cell-to-cell transmission is still poorly understood.

Potential cross-species transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5 subtype (HPAI H5) viruses to humans calls for the development of H5-specific and universal influenza vaccines.

In recent years, highly pathogenic avian influenza H5 subtype (HPAI H5) viruses have been prevalent around the world in both avian and mammalian species, causing serious economic losses to farmers. HPAI H5 infections of zoonotic origin also pose a threat to human health. Upon evaluating the global distribution of HPAI H5 viruses from 2019 to 2022, we found that the dominant strain of HPAI H5 rapidly changed from H5N8 to H5N1.

Compared to Fishmeal, Dietary Soybean Meal Improves the Reproductive Performance of Female Yellow Catfish () Broodstock.

To investigate the effects of different dietary protein sources on the reproductive performance of female broodstock, yellow catfish () were fed with three experimental diets using fishmeal (FM), soybean meal (SBM), and rapeseed meal (RSM) as main protein sources, respectively. Females (initial weight: 64.56 ± 0.

COVID-19 Pandemic: The Influence of Culture and Lessons for Collaborative Activities.

The rapid epidemiological shift from an epidemic/outbreak in Wuhan, China, to a global pandemic of COVID-19 in less than 3 months came with lessons the world's health system should learn to prepare for the future outbreaks. Since February 20, 2020, the total number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 has been increased very slowly in the countries of East Asia, including Japan, South Korea, and China, when compared with those in the Western countries. This chapter begins with an overview of the impact of COVID-19 on healthcare workers and public health facilities, followed by immediate global actions and research in response to the newly emerged pandemic.

Rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2, replicating or non-replicating, using RT-PCR.

To identify animals susceptible to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection or to determine whether SARS-CoV-2 contaminated meat is from a SARS-CoV-2-infected animal, a convenient and safe method was developed for rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 in a replicating or non-replicating status in samples using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). This strategy can also be applied to develop assays for the detection of other viruses, either replicating or not.

Effects of sources and levels of liquor distiller's grains with solubles on the growth performance, carcass characteristics, and serum parameters of Cherry Valley ducks.

Liquor distiller's grains with solubles (LDGS) is high in yield and rich in crude fiber and crude protein, which suggests that LDGS might be developed and used as unconventional feedstuff for ducks. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of sources and levels of LDGS on growth performance, carcass characteristics, serum parameters, and intestinal morphology of Cherry Valley ducks from 15 to 42 D of age. A total of 3,300 15-day-old male ducks were randomly assigned into a 1 plus 2 × 5 factorial design including 2 different sources of LDGS (unfermented LDGS [ULDGS] and fermented LDGS [FLDGS]) at 5 levels (4, 8, 12, 16, and 20%) for 4 wk.

Comparative review of respiratory diseases caused by coronaviruses and influenza A viruses during epidemic season.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to sweep the world, causing infection of millions and death of hundreds of thousands. The respiratory disease that it caused, COVID-19 (stands for coronavirus disease in 2019), has similar clinical symptoms with other two CoV diseases, severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome (SARS and MERS), of which causative viruses are SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, respectively. These three CoVs resulting diseases also share many clinical symptoms with other respiratory diseases caused by influenza A viruses (IAVs).

Measures for diagnosing and treating infections by a novel coronavirus responsible for a pneumonia outbreak originating in Wuhan, China.

On 10 January 2020, a new coronavirus causing a pneumonia outbreak in Wuhan City in central China was denoted as 2019-nCoV by the World Health Organization (WHO). As of 24 January 2020, there were 887 confirmed cases of 2019-nCoV infection, including 26 deaths, reported in China and other countries. Therefore, combating this new virus and stopping the epidemic is a matter of urgency.