The Jerusalem tribune collapse incident: Challenges in the management of a pediatric mass casualty incident.

Objectives: Children comprise up to 30-50 percent of all disaster victims. Pediatric disaster medicine is a poorly established field, and most protocols are designed without adequate emphasis on the special needs of the pediatric population. During the 2021 Shavuot holiday in Israel, the collapse of temporary steel bleachers in a partially constructed synagogue resulted in a mass casualty incident (MCI) with a majority of pediatric casualties.

Changes in pediatric major trauma epidemiology, injury patterns, and outcome during COVID-19-associated lockdown.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic and its associated preventive measures such as national and regional lockdowns have dramatically changed the epidemiology of pediatric admissions to the emergency department. Nevertheless, there are scant data on the epidemiology and injury patterns of major pediatric trauma injuries during these lockdown periods.

Methods: A single-center retrospective study of data obtained from a tertiary level 1 trauma hospital trauma registry.

The use of bacterial DNA from saliva for the detection of GAS pharyngitis.

Background: Acute tonsillitis is a very common medical condition. Despite different methods of detection, all tests are based on GAS sampling using a throat swab. However, obtaining the swab can elicit vomiting and is often accompanied by fear and apprehension in children.

Pediatricians as Case Managers Reduce the Exposure to Computerized Tomography in Children Experiencing Minor Head Trauma.

Background: Head trauma is one of the most common reasons for pediatric emergency medicine department (PED) visits. Computerized tomography (CT) scan is considered the criterion standard for the diagnosis of traumatic brain injury but was shown to increases the risk of malignancies.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed collected data of all children (ages 0-16 years) experiencing mild head trauma who were admitted to a single center, from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2015.

The efficacy of 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing in the diagnosis of bacteria from blood, bone and synovial fluid samples of children with musculoskeletal infections.

Background: Musculoskeletal infections are among the most common bacterial infections in children leading to hospitalization, invasive procedures and prolonged antibiotic administration. Blood, synovial and sometimes tissue cultures are essential for the diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal infections; 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequencing is a novel diagnostic tool for the detection of bacteria.While the yield of 16S rDNA sequencing in synovial fluid was previously assessed, data regarding the efficacy of this method from blood samples or partially treated children with suspected musculoskeletal infections is lacking.

E-Bike-Related Trauma in Children and Adults.

Background: Electric bike (e-bike) usage is growing worldwide, and so is the e-bike-related injury rate.

Objective: This study was undertaken to characterize e-bike-related injuries.

Methods: Data of all e-bike-related injuries presenting to our level I trauma center between 2014 and 2016 were collected and analyzed.

Immunotherapy options for painful bladder syndrome: what's the potential?

Painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis (PBS/IC) is an enigmatic disease characterized by lack of evidence-based knowledge and an ongoing scientific debate regarding its definition, pathogenesis, diagnostic and treatment algorithm. An autoimmune theory for PBS/IC etiology has suggested immunotherapy as a potential treatment choice. Areas covered: In this review, the authors report existing and future immunotherapeutic options, potentially valuable to the management of PBS/IC while evidence for the immunological aspect of PBS/IC pathogenesis are also presented.

Characteristics of mesenteric lymphadenitis in comparison with those of acute appendicitis in children.

Unlabelled: Mesenteric lymphadenitis (ML) is considered as one of the most common alternative diagnosis in a child with suspected acute appendicitis (AA). In this retrospective study, patients diagnosed with ML (n = 99) were compared in terms of demographic, clinical, and laboratory findings to patients diagnosed with AA (n = 102). This comparison was applied for both lymph nodes smaller and larger than 10 mm.

National Evidence in Israel Supporting Reevaluation of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prophylactic Guidelines.

Background: The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recently narrowed the indications for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) prophylaxis, while in Israel the guidelines have not changed.

Objective: To compare the prevalence and severity of RSV infection among preterm infants born earlier than 340/7 weeks of gestation (PI), late preterm infants born at 340/7-366/7 weeks (LPTI), and term infants born after 370/7 weeks of gestation (TI) and to determine whether the results support a change in local policy.

Methods: Data of all children aged 0-14 years hospitalized with PCR-positive RSV in a single tertiary center from 2010 to 2014 were collected.

External Validation of CROES Nephrolithometry as a Preoperative Predictive System for Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy Outcomes.

Purpose: We externally validated CROES (Clinical Research Office of the Endourological Society) nephrolithometry and evaluated the predictive accuracy of the nomogram.

Materials And Methods: Data were collected on patients who underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy between January 2012 and February 2015. The CROES nomogram was applied to all patients and externally validated.

Urothelial cancer of the renal pelvis in percutaneous nephrolithotomy patients.

Introduction: The association between staghorn calculus of the kidney long-standing and urothelial tumors of the renal pelvis is well documented. We describe 3 patients with urothelial cancer in a kidney who underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).

Patients And Methods: Retrospective analysis of our series of more than 500 PCNLs revealed 3 patients in whom urothelial cancer of the renal pelvis was diagnosed during or following percutaneous stone removal.

Transurethral incision of ureteroneocystostomy strictures in kidney transplant recipients.

Objectives: To report the treatment of patients who presented with vesico-ureteric stricture after kidney transplantation, using a minimally invasive endourological approach.

Patients And Methods: Patients (10 men and four women, mean age 34 years, range 22-55) were assessed at presentation by serum creatinine level, ultrasonography and intravenous pyelography when the serum creatinine level was < 200 micromol/L. When there was hydronephrosis of the allograft a percutaneous antegrade pyelogram was taken, followed by inserting a nephrostomy.

Primary and postoperative retroperitoneal fibrosis-experience with 18 cases.

Objectives: Retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) is an uncommon disease complicated by ureteral entrapment. Its etiology includes several medications, periaortic inflammation, abdominal and retroperitoneal operations, radiotherapy, and malignancy. We present 18 patients, 14 of whom developed RPF after surgery and radiotherapy.