Complete Genome Sequence of Enterococcus Bacteriophage EFLK1.

We previously isolated EFDG1, a lytic phage against enterococci for therapeutic use. Nevertheless, EFDG1-resistant bacterial strains (EFDG1(r)) have evolved. EFLK1, a new highly effective phage against EFDG1(r) strains, was isolated in this study.

Expression and functioning of retinal-based proton pumps in a saltern crystallizer brine.

We examined the presence of bacteriorhodopsin and other retinal protein pigments in the microbial community of the saltern crystallizer ponds in Eilat, Israel, and assessed the effect of the retinal-based proton pumps on the metabolic activity. The biota of the hypersaline (~309 g salts l(-1)) brine consisted of ~2200 β-carotene-rich Dunaliella cells and ~3.5 × 10(7) prokaryotes ml(-1), most of which were flat, square or rectangular Haloquadratum-like archaea.

Streptococcus pyogenes Sortase Mutants Are Highly Susceptible to Killing by Host Factors Due to Aberrant Envelope Physiology.

Cell wall anchored virulence factors are critical for infection and colonization of the host by Gram-positive bacteria. Such proteins have an N-terminal leader sequence and a C-terminal sorting signal, composed of an LPXTG motif, a hydrophobic stretch, and a few positively charged amino acids. The sorting signal halts translocation across the membrane, allowing sortase to cleave the LPXTG motif, leading to surface anchoring.

Etiology of maxillary canine impaction: a review.

This article is a review that enumerates the causes of impaction of the maxillary permanent canines, including hard tissue obstructions, soft tissue lesions, and anomalies of neighboring teeth, and discusses the much-argued relationship between environmental and genetic factors. These phenomena have been shown in many investigations to accompany the diagnosis of canine impaction and have been presented as unrelated anomalous features, each of which is etiologically construed as genetic, including the aberrant canine itself. While in general the influence of genetics pervades the wider picture, a guidance theory proposes an alternative etiologic line of reasoning and interpretation of these studies, in which the same genetically determined anomalous features provide an abnormal milieu in which the canine is reared and from which it is guided in its misdirected and often abortive path of eruption.

"Messieurs, c'est les microbes qui auront le dernier mot": Gentlemen, it is the microbes who have the last word (Louis Pasteur)- protect tumors from killing by immune cells.

is present in colon cancers where it was shown to generate a proinflammatory microenvironment that supports colorectal neoplasia progression. Remarkably, alongside with proinflammatory stimulation, fusobacteria also inhibit cytotoxicity of immune cells. Thus, it appears as if tumors exploit fusobacteria to generate a favorable proinflammatory and anti-cytotoxic microenvironment.

Surgical Treatment of Impacted Canines: What the Orthodontist Would Like the Surgeon to Know.

When an impacted permanent maxillary canine has been diagnosed, the general practitioner or pediatric dentist thinks in terms of surgery and orthodontics, usually in that order. If there is an existing malocclusion that requires orthodontic treatment, a full orthodontic appraisal is needed for planning the overall mechanotherapy. The orthodontist will undertake a clinical examination.

World Workshop on Oral Medicine VI: Controversies regarding dental management of medically complex patients: assessment of current recommendations.

Objectives: Current recommendations for safe and effective dental management are less than optimal for some medical conditions because of limited evidence, conflicting conclusions, or both. This review (1) compiled and evaluated dental management recommendations for select medical conditions; (2) summarized recommendations and their assigned levels of evidence; (3) identified areas of conflict, ambiguity, or both; and (4) identified issues that warrant future research, enhanced consensus statements, or both.

Study Design: Systematic literature searches were performed for guideline publications, systematic and narrative reviews, and opinion documents containing recommendations for (1) medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ); (2) cardiovascular diseases (CVDs); (3) prosthetic joints (PJs); and (4) systemic steroid therapy (SST).

The use of amalgam in pediatric dentistry: new insights and reappraising the tradition.

The debate on amalgam led to its being phased out in some countries. Results of clinical trials report failure rates of amalgams ranging from 12 percent to over 70 percent. Treatment of caries should meet the needs of each particular patient, based on his/her caries risk.

Alternative antimicrobial approach: nano-antimicrobial materials.

Despite numerous existing potent antibiotics and other antimicrobial means, bacterial infections are still a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Moreover, the need to develop additional bactericidal means has significantly increased due to the growing concern regarding multidrug-resistant bacterial strains and biofilm associated infections. Consequently, attention has been especially devoted to new and emerging nanoparticle-based materials in the field of antimicrobial chemotherapy.

Impacted central incisors: factors affecting prognosis and treatment duration.

Introduction: In this study, we aimed to assess the patient and treatment factors that influence the success rate and the duration of the orthodontic-surgical modality for impacted central incisors.

Methods: The records of 60 consecutively treated patients (64 impacted incisors) were retrospectively evaluated. The success rate and the duration of each stage of treatment were examined in relation to age, sex, etiology of impaction, location of the impacted tooth, and type of surgical exposure performed.

Lifestyle and dental attendance as predictors of oral health-related quality of life.

Objectives: To evaluate the impact of health-related behaviors and dental attendance on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL).

Methods: One hundred and ninety-two individuals presenting for dental treatment were included in a cross-sectional survey using a self-administered questionnaire that assessed demographics, smoking and alcohol consumption, physical activity habits, dental attendance, and dental pain utilizing a numeric rating scale (NRS). Results of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP)-14 questionnaire were considered as the dependent variable.

Binding of the Fap2 protein of Fusobacterium nucleatum to human inhibitory receptor TIGIT protects tumors from immune cell attack.

Bacteria, such as Fusobacterium nucleatum, are present in the tumor microenvironment. However, the immunological consequences of intra-tumoral bacteria remain unclear. Here, we have shown that natural killer (NK) cell killing of various tumors is inhibited in the presence of various F.

Anti-biofilm properties of wound dressing incorporating nonrelease polycationic antimicrobials.

Polycationic nanoparticles show biocompatible, broad-spectrum bactericidal properties in vitro and in vivo when incorporated in denture lining material post-maxillectomy in head and neck cancer patients. In the present study, the synthesized Crosslinked quaternary ammonium polyethylenimine nanoparticles were found to have a strong bactericidal activity against a wide variety of microorganisms rapidly killing bacterial cells when incorporated at small concentrations into soft lining materials without compromising mechanical and biocompatibility properties. This appears advantageous over conventional released antimicrobials with regard to in vivo efficacy and safety, and may provide a convenient platform for the development of non-released antimicrobials.

Targeting Enterococcus faecalis biofilms with phage therapy.

Phage therapy has been proven to be more effective, in some cases, than conventional antibiotics, especially regarding multidrug-resistant biofilm infections. The objective here was to isolate an anti-Enterococcus faecalis bacteriophage and to evaluate its efficacy against planktonic and biofilm cultures. E.

Minimal intervention dentistry procedures: a ten year retrospective study.

Unlabelled: Minimal Intervention Dentistry (MID) is an effective treatment approach with increasing acceptance among dental professionals.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the MID impact on Dentistry by analyzing procedures performed on patients treated at a Pediatric Dentistry Graduate Program clinic which implemented MID.

Study Design: The number of procedures including sealants, modified atraumatic restorative treatment (mART), resin crowns, direct pulp capping, pulpotomy, pulpectomy, and deciduous/ permanent extractions from 333 pediatric patients treated between the years 2001 to 2003 and 2008 to 2010 in Distrito Federal, Brazil were analyzed.

Phenotypic diversity and plasticity in circulating neutrophil subpopulations in cancer.

Controversy surrounds neutrophil function in cancer because neutrophils were shown to provide both pro- and antitumor functions. We identified a heterogeneous subset of low-density neutrophils (LDNs) that appear transiently in self-resolving inflammation but accumulate continuously with cancer progression. LDNs display impaired neutrophil function and immunosuppressive properties, characteristics that are in stark contrast to those of mature, high-density neutrophils (HDNs).

Limited mouth opening of unknown cause cured by diagnostic coronoidectomy: a new clinical entity?

Limited mouth opening is a constant annoyance and can be life-threatening should intubation be needed. The causes are numerous and are categorised as intra-articular or extra-articular, which are often difficult to distinguish. We present what we regard as a new clinical entity - long-standing limited mouth opening of unknown cause - and describe our treatment.

Oral and maxillofacial pathologies in young- and middle-aged adults.

Objective: To evaluate the distribution of oral and maxillofacial pathologies (OMFPs) and its association with patient age in young- and middle-aged adults.

Methods: Distribution of histopathologically diagnosed OMFPs (n = 385) treated during 2007-2010 was recorded and the association with patient age was retrospectively analyzed.

Results: The main diagnostic categories included benign exophytic lesions (45.

Fap2 of Fusobacterium nucleatum is a galactose-inhibitable adhesin involved in coaggregation, cell adhesion, and preterm birth.

Fusobacterium nucleatum is a common oral anaerobe involved in periodontitis that is known to translocate and cause intrauterine infections. In the oral environment, F. nucleatum adheres to a large diversity of species, facilitating their colonization and creating biological bridges that stabilize the multispecies dental biofilm.

Trends in human papillomavirus-related oropharyngeal cancer in Israel.

Background: The role of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in oropharyngeal cancer (SCC) is well established. The annual incidence of oropharyngeal SCC in Israel is considerably lower than that in the United States. The purpose of this study was to assess the rate of HPV-related oropharyngeal SCC in Israel.

Prevalence of 3- and 4-rooted first and second mandibular molars in the Israeli population.

Introduction: Three-rooted mandibular molars are 1 of the anatomic variations of mandibular molars. The location of the additional root is distolingual (radix entomolaris) or mesiobuccal (radix paramolaris). The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess the prevalence of 3- and 4-rooted mandibular first and second molars in the Israeli population and to classify them according to dimension, curvature, and location of separation from the main root.