Long-term effect of different treatment modalities for traumatized primary incisors presenting dark coronal discoloration with no other signs of injury.

The aim was to compare the long-term outcomes of root canal treatment with that of follow-up-only in traumatized primary incisors in which dark discoloration is the only sign of injury. Root canal treatment was performed in 48 dark discolored asymptomatic primary incisors following trauma. Twenty-five of them [root canal treatment (RCT) group] were followed till eruption of their permanent successors.

Calculus in a toddler with end-stage renal disease due to prune-belly syndrome.

Prune-belly syndrome is a congenital kidney and urinary tract anomaly which may lead to end-stage renal failure (ESRF). The present case describes an infant suffering from end-stage kidney disease due to prune-belly syndrome, undergoing chronic hemodialysis, with excessive calculus deposits which disappeared following kidney transplantation. Possible explanations are discussed.

Clinical performance of resin-bonded composite strip crowns in primary incisors: a retrospective study.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to assess retrospectively the longevity of resin-bonded composite strip crowns placed in primary maxillary incisors.

Design: Records for 200 out of 387 children, aged 22-48 months, treated in a private paediatric dental practice and who presented for follow-up after at least 24 months were included in the study. The parameters recorded at baseline and/or at follow-up were: habits, the number and location of the decayed surfaces, colour, texture, and chipping of the restoration.

[Diagnosis and treatment of developmental defects of enamel and dentin in young children].

Developmental defects of enamel and dentin are frequently observed in the pediatric dental clinic. Proper diagnosis may improve the clinician's dental care. The importance of prevention is emphasized as well as the proper management of a growing child from both dental and psychological aspects.

[Impaired sense of taste--diagnosis and treatment].

The sense of taste has great importance in health and disease. Complaints of oral discomfort associated with taste disturbances are increasingly met in the clinical setting. Altered taste perception can result from various underlying local or systemic pathology, as well as serious sensorial syndromes.

Colony forming unit levels of salivary Lactobacilli and Streptococcus mutans in orthodontic patients.

The purpose of this study was to compare the levels of Lactobacilli (LB) and Streptococcus mutans (SM) colony forming units (CFU) in the saliva of subjects before and after orthodontic appliance placement. This was a controlled, prospective two-group, two-measurement, clinical trial performed on 64 study patients, 12-15 years old. Subjects in the experimental group were sampled for LB and SM in stimulated saliva collected on the same day but prior to band and bracket placement.

Effect of visible light on malodour production by mixed oral microflora.

Oral malodour is considered to be caused by the proteolytic activity of anaerobic Gram-negative oral bacteria. In a previous study, it was shown that these bacteria were susceptible to blue light (wavelengths of 400-500 nm). In this study, the effect of blue light on malodour production by mixed oral microflora was tested in a salivary incubation assay.

Magic trick: a behavioural strategy for the management of strong-willed children.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of using a magic trick to persuade strong-willed children who refuse to sit in the dental chair at the first visit with more conventional methods like tell-show-do (TSD).

Methods: Seventy children aged 3-6 years of age who were identified as manifesting strong-willed behaviour were selected for this study. The children were randomly assigned to be managed either by a magic trick distraction or by TSD.

Physico-chemical changes of human enamel irradiated with ArF excimer laser.

Background And Objectives: Irradiation of tooth enamel by lasers can alter its structure and chemical composition. The purpose of this work was to determine the compositional changes and to elucidate the mechanisms of laser-enamel interaction using ArF excimer laser.

Study Design/materials And Methods: Human enamel irradiated with ArF excimer laser (wavelength, 193 nm) at different fluences, was examined using X-ray diffraction, infrared (IR) spectroscopy and microprobe analysis.

Dyskeratosis congenita: dental management of a medically complex child.

Dyskeratosis congenita (DKC) is a rare syndrome characterized by cutaneous hyperpigmentation, nail dystrophy, leukoplakia, and pancytopenia. The purpose of this case study was to describe the management of a 7-year-old girl diagnosed with DKC who urgently needed dental treatment under general anesthesia before bone marrow transplantation (BMT). The patient presented normal skin, nails, and hair, but oral examination revealed a number of ulcers, leukoplakia, gingival recessions, alveolar bone loss, and dental caries.

Long-term photographic and radiographic assessment of bonded resin composite strip crowns for primary incisors: results after 3 years.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the photographic and radiographic success of the treatment of maxillary anterior primary incisors with composite resin strip crowns (SCs) placed in a private-practice setting after a minimum of 18 months.

Methods: This was a retrospective, clinical study of patients who had SCs placed on primary maxillary incisors, returned for at least one 18-month recall examination, and whose parents consented to participate in the study. Radiographic and photographic examinations were used for evaluation.

The effect of an intermediate layer of flowable composite resin on microleakage in packable composite restorations.

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a thin layer of flowable composite on microleakage in Class II direct packable composite resin restorations on young permanent teeth in vitro.

Methods: Twenty sound human premolars and molars extracted for orthodontic reasons were selected for this study. The teeth were randomly assigned into two groups of 10 teeth each (groups A and B).

Apex locators: update and prospects for the future.

The accuracy of working length determination in root canal treatment plays a crucial role in the treatment and prevention of periapical disease. Since the introduction of the first apex locator by Sunada in 1961, new and more accurate devices have been developed. Electronic apex locators reduce the number of radiographs required and may detect root canal perforations and fractures.

[Differential diagnosis of tooth discoloration, staining and pigmentation].

Tooth discoloration and developmental defects of enamel and dentin are frequently observed in the pediatric dental clinic. Proper diagnosis may improve the clinicians dental care in many aspects: caries and risk assessment, esthetic restorations and their prognosis, adhesion of restorations and orthodontic appliances, individual and community perspectives of prevention (dental trauma, fluorosis, genetic counseling, financial considerations), behavioral management, and medico-legal issues. This article presents a differential diagnosis of tooth discoloration.

[Localized aggressive periodontitis: a possible site-specific rather than tooth-specific disease?].

The diagnosis of localized aggressive periodontitis includes first molar attachment loss as an obligatory criterion. This tooth-specific based diagnosis has never been questioned or tested previously. We present a rare case of aggressive periodontitis that developed during orthodontic treatment, which included extraction of right lower first molar and bodily movement of the second molar to the original first molar site.

Growth-plate chondrocytes respond to 17beta-estradiol with sex-specific increases in IP3 and intracellular calcium ion signalling via a capacitative entry mechanism.

17Beta-estradiol (E(2)) regulates growth-plate chondrocyte differentiation in a gender and cell maturation-dependent manner via classic nuclear receptors ERalpha and ERbeta, and membrane-associated signalling. Here we show that sex-specific effects of E(2) involve changes in intracellular calcium concentration (ICCC). Resting-zone chondrocytes (RC) and growth-zone chondrocytes (GC) were isolated from costochondral cartilage of male and female rats.

Fluorescence based measurements of Fusobacterium nucleatum coaggregation and of fusobacterial attachment to mammalian cells.

Fusobacterium nucleatum is a common oral anaerobe associated with gingivitis, periodontal disease and preterm deliveries. Coaggregation among oral bacteria is considered to be a significant factor in dental plaque development. Adhesion to host cells was suggested to be important for the F.

Mechanism of visible light phototoxicity on Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum.

Phototoxicity of visible light laser on the porphyrin-producing bacteria, Porphyromonas gingivalis, in the absence of photosensitizers and under aerobic conditions was shown in previous studies. Recently, we found that the noncoherent visible light sources at wavelengths of 400-500 nm, commonly used in restorative dentistry, induced a phototoxic effect on P. gingivalis, as well as on Fusobacterium nucleatum, and to a lesser extent on the Streptococci sp.

Long-term follow-up of severely resorbed maxillary incisors after resolution of an etiologically associated impacted canine.

Background: Resorption of maxillary incisor roots because of an impacted canine is a well-recognized phenomenon that occurs in a surprisingly high proportion of patients with impacted canines. In this retrospective study, we studied a sample of patients in whom the resorption was particularly severe.

Methods: The sample consisted of 11 patients (age, 11.

Long-term evaluation of pulpotomy in primary molars using mineral trioxide aggregate or formocresol.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to assess the effect of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) as pulp dressing material following pulpotomy in primary molars with carious pulp exposure and compare them to those of formocresol (FC).

Methods: Of 33 children, primary molars treated via a conventional pulpotomy technique were randomly assigned to the MTA group (33 teeth) or FC group (29 teeth). Clinical and radiographic follow-up ranged between 4 and 74 months.

The effect of age on morphology and eruption of the lower incisors in mature rats.

Objective: This study investigated the effect of age on tooth and periodontium morphology and on tooth eruption in the lower incisors of 28 female rats, initial age 10 weeks.

Design: Morphometric data of the incisors in three young mature rats (weight 199+/-2.4 g) were compared to that of three 18-week-old (weight 260+/-5 g) animals.

The fate of a mid-root fracture: a case report.

The present report describes a case of a mid-root fracture in a maxillary central incisor of a 19-year-old patient. The fractured tooth was splinted with composite that was removed only 3 years later, as the patient did not appear for follow-up examinations. At this time, the radiographs revealed a normal periodontal ligament, rounding of the borders of the fragments and pulp obliteration of both fragments.

Preemptive analgesia and local anesthesia as a supplement to general anesthesia: a review.

General anesthesia (GA) and local anesthesia (LA) evolved on separate tracks. Procedures that could not be performed under LA were typically conducted under GA. Decoding of afferent linkage of peripheral noxious stimuli has provided important understanding that may change the way we traditionally treat surgical pain.