Oral squamous cell carcinoma around dental implants.

It is well documented that oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is related to risk factors such as smoking and alcohol consumption as well as premalignant lesions and conditions such as leukoplakia, oral lichen planus (OLP), and previous malignancy of the upper respiratory system and gastrointestinal tract. Osseointegrated dental implants are rarely reported in association with OSCC. This article presents 2 cases of OSCC adjacent to dental implants in patients at risk for oral cancer--1 was a heavy smoker with OLP; the other had a history of previous oral and colon cancer.

Salivary LL-37 secretion in individuals with Down syndrome is normal.

Antimicrobial peptides play an important role in the innate immune response. Deficiency in salivary LL-37 antimicrobial peptide has been implicated in periodontitis in patients with morbus Kostman syndrome. Down syndrome is associated with periodontitis, diminished salivary flow, and salivary immunoglobulin deficiency.

Streptococcus salivarius promotes mucin putrefaction and malodor production by Porphyromonas gingivalis.

Although the contribution of the oral microbiota to oral malodor is well-documented, the potential role of Gram-positive micro-organisms is unclear. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that Gram-positive micro-organisms contribute to malodor production by deglycosylating oral glycoproteins, rendering them susceptible to subsequent proteolysis. To this end, we examined the effect of Streptococcus salivarius on Porphyromonas gingivalis-mediated putrefaction of a model glycoprotein (pig gastric mucin).

An in vitro quantitative antibacterial analysis of amalgam and composite resins.

Objectives: Antibacterial properties of restorative dental materials such as amalgam and composite resins may improve the restorative treatment outcome. This study evaluates the antibacterial properties of three composite resins: Z250, Tetric Ceram, P60 and a dental amalgam in vitro.

Methods: Streptococcus mutans and Actinomyces viscosus served as test microorganisms.

Dental complications following gastric restrictive bariatric surgery.

Background: Morbid obesity is a scourge of the 21st century. The effective therapeutic measure is bariatric surgery. The medical literature has inadequately reported the potential deleterious effects of such surgery on dental health.

Effect of various natural medicinals on salivary protein putrefaction and malodor production.

Objective: Salivary incubation assays are commonly used in oral malodor studies. Using an in vitro model system, the effect of various natural medicinals (i.e.

Assessment of a palatal approach-anterior superior alveolar (P-ASA) nerve block with the Wand in paediatric dental patients.

Objectives: The purposes of the study were to compare the reaction of children while receiving local anaesthesia for anaesthetizing maxillary incisors with a computerized device Wand: a periodontal ligament injection (PDLi) and a palatal approach-anterior superior alveolar (P-ASA) nerve block compared with a conventional buccal infiltration (CBi), and to assess the efficacy of the anaesthesia and children's reaction after treatment.

Methods: One hundred and thirty-eight children aged 24-48 months participated in this study.

Results: More children reacted negatively during injection while receiving the CBi and positively during the injection with the Wand.

Antimicrobial effect of mastic gum methanolic extract against Porphyromonas gingivalis.

The antimicrobial effect of mastic gum, an ancient remedy for oral malodor, against Porphyromonas gingivalis, a known odorogenic periopathogenic oral bacterium, was tested using the agar diffusion test. Paper discs impregnated with mastic gum methanolic extract (MME) [0.5-4% (wt/vol)] produced inhibition zones of 10.

The outcome of a preventive dental care programme on the prevalence of localized aggressive periodontitis in Down's syndrome individuals.

Background: Periodontal disease in Down's syndrome (DS) individuals develops earlier and is more rapid and extensive than in age-matched normal individuals. The present study evaluated a group of DS patients, who had been participating in a 10-year preventive dental programme, for the impact of the programme on their periodontal status.

Methods: Thirty DS patients (mean age 23.

Comparison of articaine 4% and lidocaine 2% in paediatric dental patients.

Objective: To evaluate and compare the reaction of children who received local anaesthesia with lidocaine 2% with 1 : 100 000 epinephrine and articaine 4% with 1 : 200 000 epinephrine and to assess the time of the onset, efficacy, duration of numbness of the soft tissues, children's sensation after treatment to both anaesthetic solutions, as well as the occurrence of adverse events.

Samples And Methods: Sixty-two children (34 girls and 28 boys) aged 5-13 years (mean age 8.4 +/- 2.

Microstructure and chemical composition of primary teeth in children with Down syndrome and cerebral palsy.

This study was designed to test the hypothesis that prenatal growth insults leave permanent signs in the developing primary teeth that can be identified in later life. To test this hypothesis we examined exfoliated and extracted lower second primary molars of children with Down syndrome (DS) and cerebral palsy (CP). Teeth of children with no adverse medical history were used as a control group.

Pilocarpine for the treatment of salivary glands' impairment caused by radioiodine therapy for thyroid cancer.

Objectives: To study the effect of single-dose pilocarpine hydrochloride 5 mg on the whole unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow in patients suffering from thyroid cancer treated with radioiodine therapy, and to investigate the changes in vital signs during the treatment.

Subjects And Methods: Five such patients were referred with complaints of dry mouth, rampant caries, and pain in the parotid gland region or history of chronic recurrent suppurative sialodenitis. A single dose of 5 mg pilocarpine hydrochloride was administered to each patient and blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature and salivary secretion rate were monitored at 1, 2 and 3 h.

In vitro assessment of antimicrobial peptides as potential agents against several oral bacteria.

Background: Antimicrobial peptides are components of the innate immunity that play an important role in systemic and oral health.

Objectives: The antibacterial activity of the amphibian-derived K4 -S4(1-15)a antimicrobial peptide was tested against oral pathogens associated with caries and periodontitis and compared with the activities of the human-derived antimicrobial peptides LL-37 and dhvar4a.

Methods: Growth inhibition of planktonic bacteria was tested using standard microdilution assays.

Topical application of drugs influencing cytoskeleton and cell contractility affects alveolar bone loss in rats.

Background: Several studies have shown that sectioning bundles of collagen fibers in the marginal gingiva during surgical procedures in animals is a distinct stimulus for alveolar bone resorption. Normally, gingival and periodontal fibroblasts, which reside on these collagen fibers, create physiological traction forces generated by the cytoskeleton. By splitting the fibers, traction forces are released, inducing changes in the cytoskeleton and cell shape.

[Decoronation: indications and treatment timing].

Dental trauma in children is a frequent event and may involve functional, esthetic and orthodontic complications. Replacement resorption and ankylosis are frequently diagnosed following avulsion and replantation, severe intrusive luxation, and less frequently as a consequence of lateral luxations and root fractures. The optimal treatment for an ankylotic permanent incisor is yet to be found.

[Community aspects of geriatric dentistry--a literature review: 1975 - 2000].

The world's population is in transition, but there is an inevitable move in all societies towards an aging population. There is an agreement that the ability of the geriatric population to adjust to the "third age" depends on the will of the society and the community to provide services and to support this vulnerable and dependent population. The preponderance of oral health issues and their impact upon general health and quality of life have prompted a variety of geriatric related efforts over the last 20 years.

Retrieval of amalgam from the root canal space.

Removal of foreign objects from the root canal can be very frustrating. The use of a variety of instruments and techniques has been suggested for the retrieval of obstacles from root canals during endodontic treatment. This article describes a method for retrieving a large mass of amalgam restoration that was wedged into the root canal.

Synergic antibacterial effect between visible light and hydrogen peroxide on Streptococcus mutans.

Objectives: To evaluate the possibility of enhancing the phototoxic effect on Streptococcus mutans using a potentially antibacterial synergic effect between blue light and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and to investigate the antibacterial mechanism involved.

Methods: Growth of S. mutans samples was determined after exposure to light in the presence and absence of H2O2.

A prospective, double-blind phase II study evaluating the safety and efficacy of a topical histamine gel for the prophylaxis of oral mucositis in patients post hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety, tolerability and efficacy of a topical gel containing histamine dihydrochloride (HDC) versus a placebo gel in preventing oral mucositis in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) patients. A total of 45 patients post-HSCT were enrolled in a prospective longitudinal, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Patients were evaluated twice weekly for oral mucositis (OMAS, NCI score), oral pain (VAS), oral function and salivary flow rate.

Antibacterial properties of temporary filling materials.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the antibacterial properties of temporary fillings. The direct contact test (DCT) was used to evaluate the antibacterial properties of Revoltek LC, Tempit, Systemp inlay, and IRM. These were tested in contact with Streptococcus mutans and Enterococcus faecalis.

Biological and clinical rationale for early implant loading.

This article questions whether early implant loading always leads to pseudointegration, as postulated by Branemark's original protocol, or whether the waiting period of 3 to 6 months can be significantly shortened in specific clinical situations and refined surgical protocols. The rationale for immediate loading of dental implants is discussed, and the evidence that immediate loading leads to implant fibrous encapsulation is reviewed. This evidence is opposed by conflicting indications that early loading induces bone growth.

Oral hygiene: past history and future recommendations.

Review of the dental literature reveals a changing emphasis attached to maintenance of optimal oral hygiene among patients over time. Moreover, a different relationship to this topic has been evident in the USA, Britain and Scandinavia. These changes, differences, and the rationale behind them, are described.

Dental treatment of a child with Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome.

Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RTS) is a human genetic disorder characterized by mental retardation and physical abnormalities including broad thumbs, big and broad toes, short stature, and craniofacial anomalies. The oral manifestations include small oral opening, pouting lower lip, retro/micrognathia. and higher arched, narrow palate.

Effects of a positive verbal presentation on parental acceptance of passive medical stabilization for the dental treatment of young children.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of a positive verbal presentation on parental acceptance of passive medical stabilization of young dental patients needing dental treatment in the private setting.

Methods: Parents appearing for the treatment of their young, uncooperative child were informed regarding the use of passive medical stabilization (Papoose Board). The control group (CG) was given a neutral explanation regarding the use of the Papoose Board (PB), and the experimental group (EG) was given a positive verbal presentation.

Variation in occlusal dental wear of two Chalcolithic populations in the southern Levant.

Occlusal wear rate and wear plane in two Chalcolithic ( approximately 6500-5500 BP) samples from the southern Levant were compared, using paired first and second mandibular molars. Though food staples in both societies were derived from agro-pastoralism, they were located in distinct environmental regions: Wadi (W.) Makkukh in the Judean desert, and Peqi'in in the Upper Galilee.