Morphological occlusal features following condylar fractures in children.

Early fracture of the mandibular condyles may be related to an asymmetric morphologic occlusion. The aim of the study was to investigate the morphologic occlusal symmetry of non-surgically treated children after condylar fractures. The original study group consisted of 55 subjects (31 males and 24 females) who suffered temporomandibular joint condylar fractures at a young age and were treated conservatively, with physiotherapy only.

External apical root resorption in patients treated by serial extractions followed by mechanotherapy.

Introduction: In the course of orthodontic treatment with serial extractions (SE), spontaneous unraveling of crowded incisors occurs. It was hypothesized that SE followed by mechanotherapy will cause less external apical root resorption (EARR) than orthodontic treatment with late extractions (LE).

Methods: The records of 24 patients who underwent SE and mechanotherapy and 24 control patients who underwent LE and mechanotherapy were examined.

Prevention of dental trauma in a high-risk military population: the discrepancy between knowledge and willingness to comply.

Military fighters are at high risk for oral/tooth injuries. Our aim was to evaluate the knowledge and willingness to use preventive measures among this population to reduce oral trauma. A total of 336 fighters were randomly assigned to two groups.

Topical immunomodulators for management of oral mucosal conditions, a systematic review; Part II: miscellaneous agents.

Introduction: Topical immunomodulating preparations have utility in inflammatory/immune-mediated oral mucosal disease resistant to topical steroids, in immunologically mediated systemic disease with primary oral involvement or more severe lesions primarily involving the oral mucosa.

Areas Covered: This paper is the second part of a systematic review of a variety of topical immunomodulators for management of immune/inflammatory oral mucosal conditions. The literature search revealed studies of azathioprine, benzydamine, GM-CSF and G-CSF, tetracyclines, retinoids, imiquimod, amlexanox, sirolimus and bacillus Calmette-Guerin polysaccharide nucleic acid.

Socio-economic position, smoking, and plaque: a pathway to severe chronic periodontitis.

Aim: To report periodontal status and elucidate the relationship among socio-economic position (SEP), plaque accumulation, tobacco smoking, and periodontitis in a representative sample of adult Jewish people, aged 35-44 years, living in Jerusalem.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted using a stratified sample of two hundred and fifty-four 35-44-year-old adults in Jerusalem (limited to the Jewish population). A clinical examination (Community Periodontal Index and Plaque Index) and a self-administered questionnaire were applied.

Medical emergencies in a dental office: inhalation and ingestion of orthodontic objects.

Background: The authors reviewed the literature regarding inhalation and ingestion of orthodontic appliances and suggest ways to manage and prevent these events.

Types Of Studies Reviewed: The authors conducted literature searches of free text and Medical Subject Headings terms by using PubMed and Embase databases and selected appropriate studies. They analyzed retrieved articles according to several parameters: inhalation or ingestion event, number of cases, patient's sex and age, type of orthodontic appliance, in-office event or out-of-office event, and medical treatment.

A randomized controlled trial of visible-light therapy for the prevention of oral mucositis.

The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of a novel visible-light therapy (VLT) device for the prevention of oral mucositis in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) patients. A VLT-device suitable for intra-oral use was applied to 20 patients undergoing HSCT. The study design was placebo-controlled, randomized and double-blind.

Dendritic cells in distinct oral mucosal tissues engage different mechanisms to prime CD8+ T cells.

Although oral dendritic cells (DCs) were shown to induce cell-mediated immunity, the identity and function of the various oral DC subsets involved in this process is unclear. In this study, we examined the mechanisms used by DCs of the buccal mucosa and of the lining mucosa to elicit immunity. After plasmid DNA immunization, buccally immunized mice generated robust local and systemic CD8(+) T cell responses, whereas lower responses were seen by lining immunization.

Orthosurgical treatment including anchorage from a palatal implant to correct an infraoccluded maxillary first molar in a young adult.

Tooth ankylosis during adolescence and early adulthood can lead to infraocclusion and several interrelated, adverse sequelae at the intra-arch and interarch levels. An orthosurgical treatment modality that includes surgical luxation and immediate orthodontic traction is recommended as a conservative approach in many patients. The key to success in this approach is the timely delivery of relatively heavy and continuous forces to the luxated tooth to prevent its reankylosis.

Topical immunomodulators for management of oral mucosal conditions, a systematic review; part I: calcineurin inhibitors.

Importance Of The Field: Topical immunomodulators have been used for the management of oral mucosal diseases. Topical immunomodulating preparations may have utility in local management of oral disease which is resistant to topical steroids and oral findings of an immunologic-mediated systemic disease with primary or persisting, oral mucosal involvement.

Areas Covered In This Review: This paper is the first part of a systematic review of topical immunomodulators for the management of various oral indications focused on calcineurin inhibitors.

Psychological distress and social support are determinants of changing oral health status among an immigrant population from Ethiopia.

Objectives: To examine associations between psychosocial profile (psychological distress and social support) and changing oral health status (dental caries and periodontal disease), among a group of immigrants from Ethiopia to Israel.

Methods: Three hundred and forty immigrants, aged 18-75 years, with a mean age of 38.4±13.

Cone-beam computed tomography and the orthosurgical management of impacted teeth.

Background: Three-dimensional (3-D) cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) has been used to diagnose and treat impacted teeth. The authors describe the benefits of using CBCT to complement plain film two-dimensional (2-D) imaging.

Methods: The authors compare the efficacy of 2-D and 3-D modalities in relation to the relative positions in space of adjacent and overlapping dental units, the existence of pathology in the buccolingual plane and the ability of each to define the orientation of individual teeth.

Dental students' attitudes and behavior toward smoking cessation as part of their professional education.

Background: Dental professionals have a major role in promoting tobacco use cessation (TUC).

Purpose: The objective is to assess dental students' knowledge, attitudes, behavior, and perception regarding their potential expected role.

Methods: Self-administered anonymous questionnaires were used for all students of the Jerusalem Dental Medicine School.

Traumatic dental injuries and related factors among sixth grade schoolchildren in four Palestinian towns.

Background: Traumatic dental injuries (TDI) are recognized as an important dental public health issue among children. The West Bank, a part of the Palestinian Authority, is in immediate neighborhood to Israel. There are inadequate epidemiologic data among the Palestinian people, on dental health issues.

Increased dental trauma in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder treated with methylphenidate--a pilot study.

The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the prevalence of trauma to incisor teeth in children with normal overjet and lip competence, treated with methylphenidate (Ritalin) for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The study group consisted of 24 children (19 boys, 5 girls) aged 5-12 years (mean 8.45 +/- 2.

A percutaneous injury by a contaminated instrument is a human bite equivalent.

Background: Percutaneous exposure incidents represent an important occupational health issue.

Case Report: A paediatric dentist was cut by a small round bur in a handpiece. A few hours later the elbow became swollen and painful.

Cytotoxic chemotherapy-induced odontalgia: a differential diagnosis for dental pain.

Introduction: Peripheral neurotoxicity and neuropathic pain are well-known complications of several anti-cancer chemotherapeutic agents. Such pain might cause an impairment of the patient's quality of life and is a common limiting factor of anti-cancer chemotherapy. Neurotoxicity in orofacial structures has been previously described as diffuse jaw pain or numbness.

Directly transfected langerin+ dermal dendritic cells potentiate CD8+ T cell responses following intradermal plasmid DNA immunization.

Dendritic cells (DCs) play a critical role in CD8(+) T cell priming following DNA vaccination. In contrast to other DNA injection routes or immunization with viral vectors, Ag presentation is delayed following needle injection of plasmid DNA into the skin. The contribution of various skin DC subsets to this process is not known.

[The laser technology in dentistry].

Laser technology is being developed very quickly, as well as a better understanding of laser interaction with biological tissues, has widened the spectrum of possible applications. This article describes the principles of laser operation and the clinical application of laser technology in the different fields of dentistry. Selection of suitable wavelengths from the various laser systems available requires advanced training and an educated understanding of the different characteristics in each laser system.

[Dentinal hypersensitivity].

Dentinal hypersensitivity is defined as short and transient painful response of exposed dentin, usually cervical, to different stimuli, such as thermal, mechanical osmotic or chemical. The etiology of dentinal hypersensitivity is open tubules (because of enamel loss or gingival recession), allowing painful stimulus to reach the pulp. The hydrodynamic theory explains the mechanism through which pain is aroused.

A new management approach for dental treatment after a cerebrovascular event: a comparative retrospective study.

Objective: Current literature recommends postponing dental treatment until 6-12 months after a stroke, based on the presumed risk of recurrent stroke. The purpose of this study was to suggest that the importance of dental care during this period exceeds the risk of medical complications in this patient population.

Study Design: Two groups were compared: 1) a cerebrovascular (CrbV) study group: patients (n = 16) who had suffered from a CrbV event within the 12 months preceding their dental procedure; and 2) a cardiovascular (CV) control group: patients (n = 25) suffering from ischemic CV disease.

Unsweetened ice popsicles impart a positive feeling and reduce self-mutilation after paediatric dental treatment with local anaesthesia.

Aim: The purpose of the current study was to assess whether an unsweetened ice-popsicle imparts a positive feeling to children after dental treatment in which local anaesthesia is administered, and whether it reduces the tendency of children to self-mutilate (bite the lip, cheek or tongue) after the administration of local anaesthesia.

Design: Crossover study of 31 children aged 4-11 years old who needed similar dental treatments on both sides of the mandible or maxilla under local anaesthesia. At the end of each appointment the child received a toy or an ice-popsicle especially made for this study.