Nature and nurture effects on the spatiality of the mental time line.

The nature-nurture debate regarding the origin of mental lines is fundamental for cognitive neuroscience. We examined natural-nurture effects on the mental time line, applying three different challenges to the directionality of time representation. We tested (1) patients with left-neglect and healthy participants, who are (2) left-to-right or right-to-left readers/writers, using (3) a lateralized left-right button press or a vocal mode in response to a mental time task, which asks participants to judge whether events have already happened in the past or are still to happen in the future.

Anesthetic approach to postdural puncture headache in the peripartum period: An Israeli national survey.

Background: Accidental dural puncture frequency among pregnant women is about 1.5%, while approximately 60% of these women will suffer from post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) that may be debilitating.

Methods: Following IRB approval, we conducted a national survey of the lead anesthesiologist in 23 labor and delivery rooms in Israel.

How we manage Gaucher Disease in the era of choices.

Treatment of Gaucher Disease (GD) is now beset with the abundance of therapeutic options for an individual patient, making the choice of therapy complex for both expert and non-expert clinicians. The pathogenesis of all disease manifestations is a gene mutation-driven deficiency of glucocerebrosidase, but the clinical expression and response of each of the clinical manifestations to different therapies can be difficult to predict. Enzyme replacement therapy has been available since 1991 and is well-established, with known efficacy and minimal toxicity.

Feeding young infants with their head in upright position reduces respiratory and ear morbidity.

The influence of feeding position of the infant in the pathogenesis of ear and airway diseases has not been well established. We investigated the influence of instructing mothers to feed their 3-month old infants with their head in an upright position on ear and respiratory morbidity during a one-year follow-up. Mothers of 88 infants were instructed by trained nurses to feed their infants with their head in upright position (intervention group).

[NEUROPSYCHIATRY AND COMPUTATIONAL MEDICINE].

The classical model of medicine is based on, first, history taking, followed by physical examination, data analysis by the clinician and their further validation using biological tests. Based on this, the clinician may plan the medical treatment. In neuropsychiatry, this model is even more limited as physical examination is based mostly on a patient-doctor conversation, and biological or imaging tests are directed mostly to extract the structural basis for the clinical manifestations.

Temporal Dissociation of Neocortical and Hippocampal Contributions to Mental Time Travel Using Intracranial Recordings in Humans.

In mental time travel (MTT) one is "traveling" back-and-forth in time, remembering, and imagining events. Despite intensive research regarding memory processes in the hippocampus, it was only recently shown that the hippocampus plays an essential role in encoding the temporal order of events remembered, and therefore plays an important role in MTT. Does it also encode the temporal relations of these events to the remembering self? We asked patients undergoing pre-surgical evaluation with depth electrodes penetrating the temporal lobes bilaterally toward the hippocampus to project themselves in time to a past, future, or present time-point, and then make judgments regarding various events.

Self-reference, emotion inhibition and somatosensory disturbance: preliminary investigation of network perturbations in conversion disorder.

Background And Purpose: Conversion disorder (CD), or functional neurological disorder, is manifested as a neurological disturbance that is not macroscopically visible on clinical structural neuroimaging and is instead ascribed to underlying psychological stress. Known for many years in neuropsychiatry, a comprehensive explanation of the way in which psychological stress leads to a neurological deficit of a structural-like origin is still lacking.

Methods: We applied whole-brain network-based data-driven analyses on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, recorded in seven patients with acute-onset, stroke-like CD with unilateral paresis and hypoesthesia as compared with 15 age-matched healthy controls.

Cognitive-Functional (Cog-Fun) Dyadic Intervention for Children with ADHD and Their Parents: Impact on Parenting Self-Efficacy.

Aim: The family context of children with ADHD plays a role in intervention outcomes, especially when parents are involved in treatment. Parental participation in evidence-based treatment for ADHD may play a role in improving their own parenting self-efficacy (PSE) as well as child outcomes. This study examined the impact of Cognitive-Functional (Cog-Fun) intervention in occupational therapy (OT) for school-aged children with ADHD, on PSE.

Effects of spatial attention on mental time travel in patients with neglect.

Numerous studies agree that time is represented in spatial terms in the brain. Here we investigate how a deficit in orienting attention in space influences the ability to mentally travel in time, that is to recall the past and anticipate the future. Right brain-damaged patients, with (RBD-N+) and without neglect (RBD-N-), and healthy controls (HC) were subjected to a Mental Time Travel (MTT) task.

NKp46 Receptor-Mediated Interferon-γ Production by Natural Killer Cells Increases Fibronectin 1 to Alter Tumor Architecture and Control Metastasis.

Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphoid cells, and their presence within human tumors correlates with better prognosis. However, the mechanisms by which NK cells control tumors in vivo are unclear. Here, we used reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) imaging in humans and in mice to visualize tumor architecture in vivo.

Updates and reflections about the IJHPR, on the eve of its seventh year.

The Israel Journal of Health Policy Research (IJHPR) will soon be completing 6 years of publication. During this period, it has published well over 300 articles and has become a stable and vital part of Israeli health care. The number of IJHPR articles published annually has increased significantly over time, and the number of submissions has increased even more significantly.

Association of toll-like receptors polymorphism and intrauterine transmission of cytomegalovirus.

Background: Congenital Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a very common intrauterine infection which can cause severe developmental disabilities. Transmission of the virus to the fetus occurs in only 40% of primarily infected women. The probability of intrauterine transmission is higher when infection occurs during the second trimester of pregnancy than in the first trimester.

Differential effects of chronic stress in young-adult and old female mice: cognitive-behavioral manifestations and neurobiological correlates.

Stress-related psychopathology is highly prevalent among elderly individuals and is associated with detrimental effects on mood, appetite and cognition. Conversely, under certain circumstances repeated mild-to-moderate stressors have been shown to enhance cognitive performance in rodents and exert stress-inoculating effects in humans. As most stress-related favorable outcomes have been reported in adolescence and young-adulthood, this apparent disparity could result from fundamental differences in how aging organisms respond to stress.

Five years' experience in an anesthesiology antenatal clinic for high-risk patients.

Introduction: The aim, of this study is to describe our approach and outcomes in an outpatient anesthesia/analgesia antepartum clinic among ambulatory high-risk obstetric patients.

Methods: This was a retrospective evaluation of the activity of the anesthesiology antenatal clinic from its inception in 2010 until 2016 (a 5-year period). The clinic works in collaboration with the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology.

[THE PLACEBO EFFECT - NEUROBIOLOGICAL ASPECTS].

Any medical treatment, whether it be medication, behavioral therapy or medical procedure, can affect the patient in a very complex way. Each of these forms of medical treatment have both psychobiological and physiological effects on the patient, with interactions between those levels. When considering the specific efficacy of a new treatment, there is therefore a need to neutralize the psychobiological effect by comparing the effect of the treatment to the effect of a placebo - a treatment involving similar characteristics which does not produce that physiological effect.

Evidence for Functional Networks within the Human Brain's White Matter.

Investigation of the functional macro-scale organization of the human cortex is fundamental in modern neuroscience. Although numerous studies have identified networks of interacting functional modules in the gray-matter, limited research was directed to the functional organization of the white-matter. Recent studies have demonstrated that the white-matter exhibits blood oxygen level-dependent signal fluctuations similar to those of the gray-matter.

[MONITORING UNITS IN DEPARTMENTS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE: FREQUENCY, IMPACT AND SATISFACTION].

Background: Due to increasing numbers of elderly, seriously ill patients and shortage of ICU beds, many hospitals have established monitoring units (MU) in their medical departments.

Objectives: (1) To assess the national prevalence of MUs in medical departments; (2) to determine the outcome of consecutively admitted MU patients; (3) to evaluate patient/ family satisfaction with care.

Methods: The case control study included all 123 patients hospitalized in the MU during a 5-month period, compared with two control groups: (1) 123 patients admitted to medical departments, matched at a ratio of 1:1 by gender, age±10 years and mechanical ventilation; (2) all 52 medical patients treated in the ICU.

Nicotine Addiction and Withdrawal among Orthodox Jews: the Effect of Sabbath Abstinence.

Background: Cigarette smoking is a widespread problem around the world. In Israel, the prevalence of smoking is 23%. Smokers who are Orthodox abstain from smoking during the Sabbath, i.