The Constrained Disorder Principle Overcomes the Challenges of Methods for Assessing Uncertainty in Biological Systems.

Different disciplines are developing various methods for determining and dealing with uncertainties in complex systems. The constrained disorder principle (CDP) accounts for the randomness, variability, and uncertainty that characterize biological systems and are essential for their proper function. Per the CDP, intrinsic unpredictability is mandatory for the dynamicity of biological systems under continuously changing internal and external perturbations.

Can Viewing Modality Affect Frontal Mandibular Bone Height Measurement? A Comparison Between 3D Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine Viewer and Printed Portable Document Format Cone Beam Computer Tomography Reports.

Buccal cortical bone dimensions are crucial in dental radiology, as they impact orthodontic treatment outcomes. Changes in alveolar bone dimensions can result in malocclusion and require interdisciplinary approaches for correction. The accurate quantification of buccal bone dimensions is crucial for appropriate treatment planning and avoiding medico-legal issues.

A Novel Homozygous Mutation Causes Ovarian Dysgenesis and Primary Amenorrhea.

Context: Despite a growing number of studies, the genetic etiology in many cases of ovarian dysgenesis is incompletely understood.

Objectives: This work aimed to study the genetic etiology causing absence of spontaneous pubertal development, hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, and primary amenorrhea in 2 sisters.

Methods: Whole-exome sequencing was performed on DNA extracted from peripheral lymphocytes of 2 Palestinian sisters born to consanguineous parents.

Visual-textual integration in LLMs for medical diagnosis: A preliminary quantitative analysis.

Background And Aim: Visual data from images is essential for many medical diagnoses. This study evaluates the performance of multimodal Large Language Models (LLMs) in integrating textual and visual information for diagnostic purposes.

Methods: We tested GPT-4o and Claude Sonnet 3.

Diagnostic clues in herpes encephalitis following radiation therapy.

Introduction: Herpes encephalitis is known to affect patients undergoing brain radiotherapy, but early diagnosis and treatment, the foremost determinants of disease outcome, remain challenging in this patient population. This can be due to attribution of symptoms to the brain tumor and radiation side effects, as well as patients' atypical clinical presentation. Here we sought to highlight pearls and pitfalls in the clinical course and diagnostic workup which may facilitate timely diagnosis and improve disease outcome.

Clinical and Imaging Characteristics of Posterior Scleritis in Children.

Background: Posterior scleritis (PS) is a rare phenotype of scleritis. Comprehensive epidemiological studies on PS in children are limited. We aimed to report on its clinical and imaging features in one of the largest pediatric series to date.

Dissociative and Deep Sedations Administered by Trained Unsupervised Pediatric Residents in Israeli Emergency Departments.

Study Objective: To cover pediatric emergency physicians' off-hours, third-year pediatric residents in Israel are trained for unsupervised administration of emergency department (ED) dissociative and deep sedation. We assessed the frequency of critical sedation events associated with resident-performed sedations.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review on all patients receiving intravenous sedation across 10 pediatric EDs between January 2018 and September 2022.

Alternative splicing of modulatory immune receptors in T lymphocytes: a newly identified and targetable mechanism for anticancer immunotherapy.

Alternative splicing (AS) is a mechanism that generates translational diversity within a genome. Equally important is the dynamic adaptability of the splicing machinery, which can give preference to one isoform over others encoded by a single gene. These isoform preferences change in response to the cell's state and function.

Polycystic ovary syndrome and morphokinetic embryonic development: A case-control study evaluating 791 embryos.

Objective: To investigate the association between Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and the rate of embryo development, using time-lapse monitoring systems (TLM), compared to a control group of women with mechanical (tubal) factor infertility.

Design: A retrospective case-control study conducted in a university affiliated IVF unit.

Patients: Women with PCOS undergoing in-vitro fertilization (IVF) treatments and those with non-PCOS controls with tubal factor infertility only.

The First Autochthonous Case of Actinomycetoma in a Bedouin Patient in the Israeli Negev Region.

We report the first autochthonous case of actinomycetoma in a Bedouin patient from Israel's Negev Region. The patient presented with plantar and interdigital (web) nodular lesions. The time to diagnosis from the first medical contact was 4 years, and several treatment modifications were made until a satisfactory clinical response was achieved.

Functional myocardial assessment in cine cardiac computerized tomographic angiography using echocardiographic feature-tracking software in patients with and without significant coronary disease.

Introduction: Cardiac computerized tomographic angiography (CCTA) is perceived as a non-invasive tool for assessment of coronary vessel anatomy. Feature tracking echocardiography has recently emerged as a tool for assessment of regional and global left ventricular function. We aimed to explore the applicability of echocardiographic strain on CCTA cine clips and assess whether global and regional strain parameters are associated with the extent of coronary stenosis.

Evaluating the effectiveness of mandibular advancement devices in treating very severe obstructive sleep apnea: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: The repeated airway obstructions in the common disorder Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) cause health risks. Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP), the standard treatment, faces adherence challenges. Mandibular Advancement Devices (MADs) have been used successfully for mild to moderate OSA, as a good alternative for these patients.

Sleeve gastrectomy reveals the plasticity of the human gastric epithelium.

Gastrin is secreted following a rise in gastric pH, leading to gastric acid secretion. Sleeve gastrectomy (SG), a bariatric surgery where 80% of the gastric corpus is excised, presents a challenge for gastric pH homeostasis. Using histology, and single-cell RNA sequencing of the gastric epithelium in 12 women, we observed that SG is associated with an increase in a sub-population of acid-secreting parietal cells that overexpress respiratory enzymes and an increase in histamine-secreting enterochromaffin-like cells (ECLs).

Lateral rectus superior plication using non-absorbable sutures for adult onset esotropia.

: divergence insufficiency esotropia is a common cause for acquired esotropia and diplopia in adults. We present a novel procedure, superior plication of the lateral rectus using non-absorbable sutures, to address this condition and analyze the surgical outcomes. : This is a retrospective cohort analysis.

Living Microneedles for Intradermal Delivery of Beneficial Bacteria.

The skin, our first line of defense against external threats, combines a physical barrier and a rich microbial community. Disruptions of this community, for example, due to infectious injury, have been linked to a decrease in bacteria diversity and to mild to severe pathological conditions. Although some progress has been made in the field, possibilities/procedures for restoring the skin microbiome are still far from ideal.

Neratinib Efficacy in Patients With EGFR Exon 18-Mutant Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Findings From the SUMMIT Basket Trial.

Background: Activating mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene occur in 7% to 23% of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A small proportion of these (3-5%) are exon 18 mutations. Neratinib, an irreversible pan-HER tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), had activity in the phase II SUMMIT basket study.

Self-Compassion and Psychosocial Well-Being After Traumatic Births: Caring for the Midwife.

Introduction: Midwives report high rates of exposure to traumatic births that can negatively affect their psychosocial well-being. Self-compassion can be considered as a tool to promote psychosocial well-being. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of midwives' exposure to traumatic births and explore midwives' self-compassion and its correlation to their psychosocial well-being in relation to experiences of traumatic births.

Household income is independently associated with overall and cancer-specific survival after proctectomy for rectal cancer: A surveillance, epidemiology, and end results-based analysis.

Background: We assessed association among household income, overall survival (OS), and cancer-specific survival (CSS) after proctectomy for rectal cancer.

Methods: Population-based cohort study included stage I-III rectal adenocarcinoma patients who underwent proctectomy (2010-2020), subdivided by household income at diagnosis [low (<$50,000), average ($50,000-74,999), above-average (≥$75,000)] and compared.

Results: Of 39,185 patients (59 ​% male; mean age 60.

Propensity-score matched outcomes of minimally invasive and open pelvic exenteration in locally advanced rectal cancer.

Pelvic exenteration (PE) entails an en bloc resection of locally advanced primary or recurrent rectal cancer. This study aimed to assess the short-term and survival outcomes of minimally invasive (MI)- and open PE. A retrospective cohort analysis of patients with stage III rectal adenocarcinoma treated with PE from the National Cancer Database (2010-2019) was conducted.

Manuscript publication of abstracts presented at gynecologic surgery societies' annual meetings.

Purpose: To study characteristics and identify factors associated with full manuscript publication of oral abstracts presented at gynecologic surgery societies' annual meetings.

Study Design: We reviewed all oral abstracts presented at four major gynecologic surgery meetings in 2018. Oral abstracts subsequently published as peer-reviewed manuscripts were compared to those that were not published.

Expression Profile of MicroRNAs in Breast Milk of Women With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Correlation With Disease Activity and Medical Treatments.

Background: Although most inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) medications are considered safe during pregnancy, their impact on microRNAs (miRNAs) in breast milk is largely unknown. MiRNAs in milk, carried by milk-derived extracellular vesicles (MDEs), are transmitted to the newborn's gut to regulate genes. Aberrant miRNA expression profiles have been found in IBD within tissue, blood, and feces, but data on mother's milk are scarce.

Morbidity and Mortality of Drowning Children in Jerusalem District - Retrospective Analysis.

Background: Drowning persists as a preventable pediatric cause of severe morbidity and mortality. This study aims to investigate the risk factors, circumstances, and medical consequences associated with pediatric drowning incidents in order to identify patterns that can inform targeted interventions.

Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of a cohort of pediatric drowning cases.

Treatment outcomes in adult patients experiencing dental anxiety: A comparative retrospective study.

Aims: To assess and compare the effectiveness of pharmacological and cognitive-behavioral modalities-behavioral methods (BM), nitrous oxide inhalation sedation (NOIS), and premedication with Diazepam-for alleviating anxiety during dental treatment, using completed treatment sessions and adverse outcomes as indicators.

Methods And Results: For 239 patients (515 dental records), 18-53 y/o, who underwent dental treatments under anxiety reduction measures, sessions under NOIS were categorized as "nitrous group" (456 sessions) versus premedication with Diazepam or behavioral strategies (control, 59 sessions). Outcomes were completed treatment sessions considering demographic and clinical parameters, and adverse outcomes during and between sessions.