Disparities in Thyroid Cancer Mortality Across Racial and Ethnic Groups: Assessing the Impact of Socioeconomic, Clinicopathologic, and Treatment Variations.

Background: Thyroid cancer remains a significant public health concern, with disparities in mortality rates observed across racial/ethnic groups. We quantified the extent to which socioeconomic, clinicopathologic, and treatment variations explain racial/ethnic disparities in thyroid cancer mortality.

Methods: We studied a cohort of 109,981 thyroid cancer patients diagnosed from 2006 to 2018 using the United States Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database.

Surgical Therapy of Gastric Ulcer Disease.

Medical advancements, including Helicobacter pylori eradication and antisecretory agents, have reduced peptic ulcer disease (PUD)-associated hospital admissions, mortality, and surgical interventions over the past 30 years. Surgery plays an important role in the treatment of life-threatening complications of PUD, such as bleeding, perforation, and gastric outlet obstruction, as well as for disease that is refractory to medical management. The article highlights the critical role of surgery in cases where medical therapy is insufficient or in the event of emergency complications arising from PUD.

Identifying Abusive Head Trauma in an Infant.

Abusive head trauma (AHT) is a type of neurotrauma that accounts for significant morbidity and mortality. It is characterized by a constellation of neurologic and radiologic signs indicative of abuse in children aged zero to five years. Detection of these cases could be a challenging endeavor and is entirely contingent on the acumen of the healthcare professionals.

Determinants of Mortality Among US Patients Diagnosed With Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Over the Past Decade.

Background: Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (MPM) is a primary pleural tumor with scarce prognostic data estimates given its rarity. This study aims to explore the epidemiologic and survival predictors amongst patients with MPM, extending from the largest and most recent study conducted between 1973 and 2009.

Methods: 3384 patients diagnosed with MPM between 2010 and 2017 were enrolled from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.

A case of benign multicystic peritoneal mesothelioma.

Benign Multicystic Peritoneal Mesothelioma (BMPM) is an exceedingly rare benign abdominal neoplasm with fewer than 200 cases reported worldwide. Owing to its rarity, vague clinical picture, and elusive causes, diagnosis is often delayed or missed. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining are crucial for definitive diagnosis.

An Uncommon Association: HLA-B27 Positivity in Conjunction With Pernicious Anemia - A Case Report and Literature Review.

Pernicious anemia, stemming from Vitamin B12 deficiency and autoimmune processes affecting intrinsic factor production, presents challenges in early diagnosis due to vague initial symptoms. This case report introduces a unique occurrence of pernicious anemia-induced peripheral neuropathy in a patient with concurrent HLA-B27 arthropathy, highlighting the complex interplay of autoimmune mechanisms. While HLA-B27 is not typically associated with pernicious anemia, the case underscores the importance of exploring specific HLA haplotypes in understanding the nuanced manifestation of autoimmune disorders.

Global geoepidemiology of gastrointestinal surgery rates in Crohn's disease.

Background: Data regarding the worldwide gastrointestinal surgery rates in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) remains limited.

Aim: To systematically review the global variation in the rates of surgery in CD.

Methods: A comprehensive search analysis was performed using multiple electronic databases from inception through July 1, 2020, to identify all full text, randomized controlled trials and cohort studies pertaining to gastrointestinal surgery rates in adult patients with CD.

Barriers to Remote Burn Care Delivery: An Analysis of Burn Center Proximity and Access to Critical Telehealth Infrastructure.

Mounting evidence supports the use of telehealth to improve burn care access and efficiency. However, barriers to telehealth use remain throughout the United States and may disproportionately affect specific populations, such as rural and non-English-speaking patients. This study analyzes the association between physical proximity to burn care and determinants of telehealth access.

Atrial Fibrillation and Cognitive Disorders.

The prevalence of atrial fibrillation among older adults is increasing. Research has indicated that atrial fibrillation is linked to cognitive impairment disorders such as Alzheimer and vascular dementia, as well as Parkinson disease. Various mechanisms are believed to be shared between atrial fibrillation and cognitive impairment disorders.

Etiology and Management of 800 Patients With Facial Palsy at a Private Practice Setting Over a 5-Year Period.

Introduction: Very few papers investigated the etiologic breakdown and demographic characteristics of patients with facial nerve (FN) palsy. Our paper aims to present the etiologic breakdown and demographic characteristics of patients with FN palsy, presenting at a private care center between 2014 and 2019, along with the treatment modalities that were offered to them.

Methods: Charts of 800 patients with facial palsy (FP) were reviewed.

Single-Stage Posterior Vomerine Ostectomy, Premaxillary Setback, Bilateral Gingivoperiosteoplasties and Primary Bilateral Cheiloplasty in Patients with Protuberant Premaxilla.

Various patients with complete bilateral cleft lip and palate present with a protruded premaxilla. Several techniques have been described for correctional repair of the projection with a plethora of unsatisfactory outcomes. This poses a challenge not only for the cleft team providing care but also for the patients and their respective families.

Outcomes of Patients with Heavily Pretreated Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma Receiving Salvage Cytotoxic Therapy with Supportive Stem Cell Boost.

Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematologic malignancy characterized by the neoplastic proliferation of plasma cells, which produce monoclonal immunoglobulin that can cause vital organ damage, subsequently leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant (ASCT) is the standard-of-care management of eligible patients with newly diagnosed MM. Experts recommend collecting enough stem cells upfront to support a possible tandem transplant, salvage ASCT, or a stem cell "boost" to allow for the administration of multiagent cytotoxic chemotherapy in patients with relapsed/refractory disease.

Endocardial Fibroelastosis: A Comprehensive Review.

Endocardial fibroelastosis emerged as a challenging clinical phenomenon in the 1940s. It is characterized by an atypical proliferation of fibrous and elastic tissue within the heart and is primarily observed in childhood, occasionally displaying familial inheritance. While the precise cause remains elusive, various factors, including genetic, infectious, metabolic, autoimmune, oncologic, and medication-related influences, appear to play a role in its pathogenesis.

An Unusual Presentation of in Infective Endocarditis.

(previously known as type-1) bacteremia has a well-established, almost pathognomonic association with colorectal carcinoma, with the most common hypothesized mechanism being ulceration of polyps leading to hematologic dissemination. There are few reported cases of streptococcus bacteremia from other, seemingly benign sources like cellulitis or colonic adenomas. Hence, there is limited focus on skin and soft tissue infections leading to potentially fatal infective endocarditis.

Complicated Traumatic Pneumothorax Requiring VATS With Lobectomy and Pleurodesis Arising Following SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Recovery.

A case is presented in which COVID-19 pneumonia led a young male patient to develop a pneumothorax requiring lobectomy and pleurodesis after the resolution of COVID-19 pneumonia. The literature review showed a few similar cases with clear evidence suggesting that prior COVID-19 infection may be considered a risk factor for pneumothorax. It is crucial for clinicians to take such risk factors into consideration for better clinical outcomes.

Jackfruit Anaphylaxis Due to Cross Reactivity with Latex.

Growing evidence has demonstrated that many common plant foods such as mangos, kiwis and jackfruit lead to cross reactivity with the latex antigen in latex allergic patients. Here, we discuss the case of a 68 year old female of Bangladeshi descent who developed shortness of breath in the setting of anaphylaxis following the ingestion of jackfruit (). The patient had a history of latex allergy described as mild rash along with seasonal allergies causing mild rhinorrhea, congestion and sneezing.

Outcomes of Patients with Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors in the Past Decade.

Background: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are rare mesenchymal neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) that represent approximately 1 to 2 percent of primary gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. Owing to their rarity, very little is known about their overall epidemiology, and the prognostic factors of their pathology. The current study aimed to evaluate the independent determinants of mortality in patients diagnosed with GISTs over the past decade.

Comparison of Postoperative Outcomes Between Intra-aortic Balloon Pump and Levosimendan in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

This study was conducted to compare the postoperative outcomes between intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) and levosimendan in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. This meta-analysis was conducted following the recommendations of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). For this meta-analysis, a literature search was performed on PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and EMBASE from inception to July 15, 2023.

Comparison of Long-Term Outcomes of Patients With Myocardia Infarction (MI) With Non-obstructive Coronary Arteries and MI With Obstructive Coronary Arteries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The aim of this study was to compare long-term outcomes in patients with myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) and patients with myocardial infarction with obstructive coronary arteries (MIOCA). This meta-analysis was conducted according to the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The literature search was conducted in online databases including PubMed and Web of Science from 2010 onwards.

Laparoscopic Banded Gastric Bypass: A Case Report of a Successful Weight Loss Despite Gastro-Gastric Fistula.

Obesity is a global health issue, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), is an effective treatment for weight loss. However, some patients experience insufficient weight loss after RYGB, leading to alternative strategies such as adding an adjustable gastric band to the bypass. This case reports a 43-year-old female with morbid obesity who underwent open RYGB in 2004, achieving significant weight loss.

Racial and ethnic differences in colon cancer surgery type performed and delayed treatment among people 45 years old and older in the USA between 2007 and 2017: Mediating effect on survival.

Background: This study examined the associations of socioeconomic status (SES), race/ethnicity, surgery type, and treatment delays with mortality among colon cancer patients. In addition, the study also quantifies the extent to which clinical and SES factors' variations explain the racial/ethnic differences in overall survival.

Patients And Methods: We studied 111,789 adult patients ≥45 years old who were diagnosed with colon cancer between 2010 and 2017, identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.

Gut-brain axis: altered microbiome and depression - review.

The concept of a 'gut-brain axis' was recently developed when the complex communications between the brain and the gut became evident. The interaction may affect emotions, motivation, mood, and higher cognitive functions as well as gut homeostasis. Human microbe symbiosis's merits are now acknowledged to transcend human mental health.