Long-Term Effects of Early-Life Antibiotic Exposure on Resistance to Subsequent Bacterial Infection.

Early-life antibiotic exposure may provoke long-lasting microbiota perturbation. Since a healthy gut microbiota confers resistance to enteric pathogens, we hypothesized that early-life antibiotic exposure would worsen the effects of a bacterial infection encountered as an adult. To test this hypothesis, C57BL/6 mice received a 5-day course of tylosin (macrolide), amoxicillin (β-lactam), or neither (control) early in life and were challenged with up to 80 days thereafter.

Islamic fasting leads to an increased abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides fragilis group: A preliminary study on intermittent fasting.

Background/aims: It has been largely accepted that dietary habits affect intestinal microbiota composition. In this pilot study, we hypothesized that time-restricted feeding, which can be regarded as a type of intermittent fasting, may have a distinct effect on intestinal microbiota. Ramadan fasting is an excellent model to understand how time-restricted feeding affect the microbiota.

Determination of certain bacterial groups in gut microbiota and endotoxin levels in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.

Background/aims: In recent years, the role of the gut microbiota has emerged in several diseases. Herein we aimed to determine the fecal microbiota, endotoxin levels, and inflammation markers in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and healthy controls.

Materials And Methods: A total of 46 NASH patients and 38 healthy controls were included.

Resveratrol Protects Sepsis-Induced Oxidative DNA Damage in Liver and Kidney of Rats.

Background: The increases of free radicals have been proposed to be involved in the pathogenesis of sepsis, which leads to multiple-organ dysfunction syndromes. The uses of antioxidants as a complementary tool in the medical care of oxidative stress-related diseases have attracted attention of researchers. Resveratrol (RV) has suggested being antioxidant, anti-proliferative, and anti-inflammatory effects in various experimental models and clinical settings.

Low indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity in persistent food allergy in children.

Background: Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), which degrades tryptophan (Trp) to kynurenine (Kyn), has been demonstrated to contribute to modulation of allergic responses. However, the role of IDO in food allergy has not yet been elucidated.

Methods: Serum Trp and Kyn concentrations were analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography.

The effect of paclitaxel on conjunctival wound healing: a pilot study.

Purpose: To compare the effects of mitomycin C (MMC) and paclitaxel entrapped within Carbopol 980 hydrogel (CH) on conjunctival wound healing.

Methods: Twenty rabbits were randomized into 2 groups. In group 1, limbal-based conjunctival flaps were created in both eyes.