Harnessing Generalizable Real-World Ophthalmic Big Data: Descriptive Analysis of the Bodhya Eye Consortium Model for Collaborative Research.

Background: Eye care organizations and professionals worldwide are increasingly focusing on bridging the gap between population health and medical practice. Recent advances in genomics and anthropology have revealed that most Indian groups trace their ancestry to a blend of 2 genetically distinct populations: Ancestral North Indians, who share genetic affinities with Central Asians, Middle Easterners, Caucasians, and Europeans; and Ancestral South Indians, genetically distinct from groups outside the Indian subcontinent. Studies conducted among North Indian populations can therefore offer insights that are potentially applicable to these diverse global populations, underscoring significant implications for global health.

Strategies for cataract and uncorrected refractive error case finding in India: Costs and cost-effectiveness at scale.

Background: India has the largest number of individuals suffering from visual impairment and blindness in the world. Recent surveys indicate that demand-based factors prevent more than 80% of people from seeking appropriate eye services, suggesting the need to scale up cost-effective case finding strategies. We assessed total costs and cost-effectiveness of multiple strategies to identify and encourage people to initiate corrective eye services.

A comparative study to evaluate the effect of various postoperative treatment protocols on dry eye and patient satisfaction after phacoemulsification.

Purpose: Foreign body sensation and irritation are common after cataract surgery, as is the exacerbation of dry eye disease if present. This study compared postoperative dry eye treatments and patient satisfaction.

Methods: Age-related cataract patients undergoing phacoemulsification were recruited and were divided randomly into 4 postoperative treatment groups: Group A: Antibiotic + Steroids; Group B: Antibiotic + Steroids + Mydriatic; Group C: Antibiotic + Steroids + Mydriatic + Non-steroidal Ant-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs); Group D: Antibiotic + Steroids + Mydriatic + NSAID + Tear substitute.

Social determinants of diabetic retinopathy and impact of sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy: A study from Pune, India.

Purpose: Diabetes-related retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness in India. The study was carried out with the purpose of studying the association of sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy (STDR) with socioeconomic factors and demonstrating the impact of STDR on the affected individual.

Methods: A mixed methods (quantitative and qualitative) research design was used.

Comparative study of anatomical and functional recovery of eye along with patient satisfaction score after small-incision cataract surgery and phacoemulsification cataract surgery.

Purpose: Functional recovery after cataract surgery depends on the anatomical recovery of the eye. This study compared the improvement in visual function parameters after uniocular manual small-incision cataract surgery (MSICS) and phacoemulsification cataract surgery.

Methods: This study included 310 patients divided randomly into two groups: 155 who received MSICS (MSICS group) and 155 who underwent phacoemulsification (phaco group) for cataract treatment.

The economic and social costs of visual impairment and blindness in India.

Purpose: To provide a current estimate of the economic and social costs (or welfare costs) of visual impairment and blindness in India.

Methods: Using evidence from the recently conducted Blindness and Visual Impairment Survey across India, the Lancet Global Health Commission on Global Eye Health and other sources, we developed an economic model that estimates the costs of reduced employment, elevated mortality risk, education loss for children, productivity loss in employment, welfare loss for the unemployed, and caregiver costs associated with moderate and severe visual impairment (MSVI) and blindness. Probabilistic sensitivity analyses were also conducted by varying key parameters simultaneously.

Fungal Endophthalmitis: Analysis of 730 Consecutive Eyes from 7 Tertiary Eye Care Centers in India.

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical and microbiological features of a large cohort with culture-confirmed fungal endophthalmitis across India.

Design: Cross-sectional, hospital-based, retrospective medical record review.

Participants: Seven large tertiary eye care centers from different regions of India.

Study of correlation between stereopsis and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in cases of glaucoma.

Background: Glaucoma is an important and common optic neuropathy characterized by progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells and associated morphological changes to the optic nerve and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL). The most common assessment of visual function in glaucoma uses perimetric measurements of visual sensitivity. Only few studies have evaluated the binocular function in patients with glaucoma.

Primary eye care in India - The vision center model.

The World Health Organization (WHO) Global Action Plan (GAP) 2014-19 emphasize providing Comprehensive Eye Care (CEC) using the health system approach to achieve Universal Eye Health Coverage (UEHC). An important aspect of CEC is Primary Eye Care (PEC). The scope of PEC varies significantly with primary health workers providing PEC in most parts of the developing world, whereas in developed nations PEC is provided by specialized personnel such as optometrists.

Blinding Retinopathy of Prematurity in Western India: Characteristics of Children, Reasons for Late Presentation and Impact on Families.

Objective: To ascertain why children with end-stage retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) become blind, and to explore the impact of blindness on families.

Design: Mixed quantitative and qualitative methods.

Setting: Tertiary-care eye hospital in India.

Ocular disorders in children with learning disabilities in special education schools of Pune, India.

Aim: The aim was to study and treat ocular disorders in children with learning disabilities (cLDs) and explore associations with their perinatal history.

Materials And Methods: cLDs attending 11 special schools were examined by a team consisting of an ophthalmologist, optometrist, and a social worker in 2007 and followed up in 2008. The students' intelligence quotient (IQ) and their medical histories were noted.

Monitoring and modernization to improve visual outcomes of cataract surgery in a community eyecare center in western India.

Purpose: To determine whether routine monitoring leads to better visual outcomes over time after cataract surgery.

Setting: Comprehensive community eyecare center in western India.

Design: Comparative case series.

Is glaucoma blindness a disease of deprivation and ignorance? A case-control study for late presentation of glaucoma in India.

Aim: The aim was to identify the presenting symptoms and social risk factors for late presentation of primary glaucoma in newly diagnosed cases.

Materials And Methods: It was a case-control study in a tertiary eye care center in Maharashtra, India. Newly diagnosed patients with primary glaucoma were classified as cases (late presenters) where there was no perception of light in one eye or severe visual field loss affecting an area within 20° of fixation or a cup-disc (C:D) ratio ≥0.

Prevalence of uncorrected refractive error and other eye problems among urban and rural school children.

Background: Uncorrected refractive error is an avoidable cause of visual impairment.

Aim: To compare the magnitude and determinants of uncorrected refractive error, such as age, sex, family history of refractive error and use of spectacles among school children 6-15 years old in urban and rural Maharashtra, India.

Study Design: This was a review of school-based vision screening conducted in 2004-2005.

Delayed presentation of cataracts in children: are they worth operating upon?

Purpose: Childhood cataract is an important cause of avoidable blindness in children. The study aimed to investigate the outcome of surgery in cataracts with delayed presentation which had been operated upon as new pediatric ophthalmology centers were set up in India.

Methods: This was a retrospective interventional case series from a community eye care center in Western India.

Causes of childhood blindness in the northeastern states of India.

Background: The northeastern region (NER) of India is geographically isolated and ethno-culturally different from the rest of the country. There is lacuna regarding the data on causes of blindness and severe visual impairment in children from this region.

Aim: To determine the causes of severe visual impairment and blindness amongst children from schools for the blind in the four states of NER of India.

Comparison of subtenon anaesthesia with peribulbar anaesthesia for manual small incision cataract surgery.

Purpose: To compare the safety and efficacy of subtenon anaesthesia with peribulbar anaesthesia in manual small incision cataract surgery using a randomised control clinical trial.

Method: One hundred and sixty-eight patients were randomised to subtenon and peribulbar groups with preset criteria after informed consent. All surgeries were performed by four surgeons.

Is manual small incision cataract surgery affordable in the developing countries? A cost comparison with extracapsular cataract extraction.

Aim: To compare the cost of manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) with conventional extracapsular cataract surgery (ECCE) in community eye care settings.

Method: A single masked randomised trial was used to compare the safety, efficacy, time, and patient satisfaction of surgery by both the techniques. The fixed facility and recurrent cost for the two procedures was calculated based on information collected from different sources.

Extracapsular cataract surgery compared with manual small incision cataract surgery in community eye care setting in western India: a randomised controlled trial.

Aim: To study "manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS)" for the rehabilitation of cataract visually impaired and blind patients in community based, high volume, eye hospital setting; to compare the safety and effectiveness of MSICS with conventional extracapsular cataract surgery (ECCE).

Methods: In a single masked randomised controlled clinical trial, 741 patients, aged 40-90 years, with operable cataract were randomly assigned to receive either MSICS or ECCE and operated upon by one of eight participating surgeons. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were graded and scored according to the Oxford Cataract Treatment and Evaluation Team recommendations.