Adherence to a healthy dietary pattern mitigates the detrimental associations between osteosarcopenic adiposity and both all-cause mortality and life expectancy: a cohort study.

: To determine the associations between osteosarcopenic adiposity (OSA) and both all-cause mortality and life expectancy, and to investigate whether adherence to a healthy diet can modify these associations. : Utilizing data obtained from 201 223 UK Biobank participants, we assessed body composition for OSA and a healthy diet score was used to assess dietary quality. : Compared to participants with no body composition abnormality, the adjusted HRs (95% CIs) of all-cause mortality for those with 1, 2, and 3 (OSA) abnormalities were 1.

Duration of aromatase inhibitor use and long-term cardiovascular risk in breast cancer survivors.

Background: There are limited data on duration of aromatase inhibitor (AI) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in breast cancer (BC) survivors. We examined risk of CVD and mortality associated with duration of AI use in postmenopausal women with early-stage hormone receptor-positive BC.

Methods: Postmenopausal women diagnosed with hormone receptor-positive BC (n = 5,853) who used an AI were included.

Physical Activity and Incident Pancreatic Cancer: Results From the UK Biobank Prospective Cohort.

Background The relationship between physical activity and incident pancreatic cancer is poorly defined, and the evidence to date is inconsistent, largely due to small sample sizes and insufficient incident outcomes. Using the UK Biobank cohort dataset, the association between physical activity levels at recruitment and incident pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) at follow-up was analysed. Method Physical activity, the key exposure, was quantified using Metabolic Equivalent Task (MET) values and categorised into walking, moderate, and vigorous activity.

Similar Survival Between Non-Western Immigrant Patients and Danish-Born Patients with Lymphoma: A Danish Population-Based Study.

Purpose: This nationwide Danish cohort study compared overall survival (OS) between non-Western immigrant patients and Danish-born patients with lymphoma in Denmark. Furthermore, differences in clinical and socioeconomic variables were compared, and mediators of OS differences were explored to explain possible outcome differences.

Patients And Methods: The study included a total of 540 non-Western patients and 16,294 Danish-born patients diagnosed with lymphoma in the period 2000-2020.

Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease: A Review.

Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication of chronic liver disease (CLD) contributing to high morbidity and mortality worldwide. While liver transplantation (LT) has shown favorable outcomes, early identification and management of AKI is imperative for survival. This review aims to highlight the epidemiology, pathophysiology, management, and prognosis of AKI in CLD.

Prognostic and diagnostic value of circRNA expression in cervical cancer: a meta analysis.

Introduction: Cervical cancer (CC) is a highly prevalent malignancy of the reproductive system. This study aimed to methodically assess the function of circular RNAs (circRNAs) as possible indicators of CC, with a specific emphasis on their usefulness in the identification, prediction, and correlation with clinicopathological elements.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI).

Integrating E-cadherin expression levels with TNM staging for enhanced prognostic prediction in colorectal cancer patients.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the clinical significance of E-cadherin expression levels in colorectal cancer tissues and explore the relationship between E-cadherin expression and tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage. The goal was to establish a more accurate prognostic prediction for colorectal cancer patients by analyzing E-cadherin expression levels alongside TNM staging.

Methods: The study examined colorectal cancer patients by dividing them into groups based on E-cadherin expression levels.

Diagnostic and prognostic values of tsRNAs in lung cancer: a meta-analysis.

Background: Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer-related death in humans. tRNA-derived small RNA (tsRNA) is a novel biomarker that plays a crucial role in the genesis and development of LC. In this study, we aimed to investigate the value of differentially expressed tsRNAs in LC through meta-analysis.

Preserved ratio impaired spirometry, airflow obstruction, and their trajectories in relationship to chronic kidney disease: a prospective cohort study.

Spirometry findings, such as restrictive spirometry and airflow obstruction, are associated with renal outcomes. Effects of spirometry findings such as preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) and its trajectories on renal outcomes are unclear. This study aimed to investigate the impact of baseline and trajectories of spirometry findings on future chronic kidney disease (CKD) events.

Characteristics of injury deaths among homeless and non-homeless US veterans (2017-2021).

Objective: The objective of this study is to assess whether experiencing homelessness may be associated with future risk of injury death and characterise these injury deaths by homelessness status among veterans who received healthcare through the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA).

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted among 6 128 921 veterans (399 125 homeless and 5 729 796 non-homeless) who received VA healthcare between 2017 and 2020 and were followed until 2021 using linked data from VA's Corporate Data Warehouse, Homeless Operations Management System and the VA/Department of Defense Joint Mortality Data Repository. Injury death rates were estimated by homelessness status with 95% CIs using the exact Poisson method.

Risk factors for pancreatic cancer in individuals with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms and no high-risk stigmata during up to 5 years of surveillance: a prospective longitudinal cohort study.

Background: Cyst size, its growth rate, and diameter of the main pancreatic duct (MPD) are all associated with pancreatic carcinoma prevalence in intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs).

Objective: To examine the above factors in relation to future risk of incident pancreatic carcinoma in individuals with IPMNs harbouring no high-risk stigmata.

Design: In a prospective longitudinal cohort, we analysed 2549 patients with IPMNs.

Update on Hepatorenal Syndrome: From Pathophysiology to Treatment.

Hepatorenal syndrome-acute kidney injury (HRS-AKI) occurs in the setting of advanced chronic liver disease, portal hypertension, and ascites. HRS-AKI is found in ∼20% of patients presenting to the hospital with AKI, but it may coexist with other causes of AKI and/or with preexisting chronic kidney disease, thereby making the diagnosis challenging. Novel biomarkers such as urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin may be useful.

The association between adult child education and cognitive functioning among older parents: A cross-national comparison of diverse contexts.

Introduction: The association between adult child educational attainment and older parent's cognitive health may vary across diverse contexts but cross-national comparisons have been limited by differences in outcome assessment, study design, and analytic choices.

Methods: We used harmonized data with comprehensive cognitive assessments from the United States (N = 3088), India (N = 3828), and Mexico (N = 1875) to estimate associations between adult child education and older adults' cognitive functioning using linear regression models adjusted for respondent and family-level socio-economic status (SES) in each study.

Results: Each additional year of offspring education was associated with 0.

Association Between Liver Fibrosis and Risk of Incident Stroke and Mortality: A Large Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: There is a well-established relationship between liver conditions and cardiovascular diseases. However, uncertainty persists regarding the contribution of liver fibrosis to major stroke types including ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage at the population level.

Methods: In this large prospective cohort study, participants without previous stroke or coronary heart disease at baseline from the UK Biobank were included.

Offspring education and cognitive health: A comparison between Hispanic and White older adults in the United States.

Introduction: We compared the relationship between offspring education and cognitive health outcomes among Hispanic and White adults.

Methods: We used data from Hispanic and White (1998-2018) United States (US) Health and Retirement Study (HRS) participants (n = 17,484). We assessed cognitive function and decline using episodic memory scores in linear mixed models and incident cognitive impairment with no dementia (CIND) or probable dementia using the Langa-Weir 27-point-scale in Cox proportional hazards models.

Associations between degree of food processing and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a multicentre prospective cohort analysis in 9 European countries.

Background: Ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption has been linked with higher risk of mortality. This multi-centre study investigated associations between food intake by degree of processing, using the Nova classification, and all-cause and cause-specific mortality.

Methods: This study analyzed data from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition.

Proton pump inhibitors and all-cause mortality risk among cancer patients.

Background: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely used, including among cancer patients, to manage gastroesophageal reflux and other gastric acid-related disorders. Recent evidence suggests associations between long-term PPI use and higher risks for various adverse health outcomes, including greater mortality.

Aim: To investigate the association between PPI use and all-cause mortality among cancer patients by a comprehensive analysis after adjustment for various confounders and a robust methodological approach to minimize bias.

Validation of SCAI Shock Staging in Critically Ill Medical Intensive Care Unit Patients With Sepsis and Septic Shock.

Purpose: This study evaluated the predictive value of SCAI shock staging for mortality in patients with sepsis and septic shock admitted to the medical ICU.

Materials And Methods: This is a single-center historical cohort study. We analyzed data for adults (≥18-year-old) admitted to the medical ICU at Mayo Clinic St.

Pro-inflammatory dietary pattern and the risk of female gout: sex-specific findings from three prospective cohort studies.

Objective: We aimed to determine whether a pro-inflammatory dietary pattern (mechanism-based diet) is associated with incident female gout among two large cohorts of US women.

Methods: We prospectively followed 79,104 women from Nurses' Health Study (NHS; 1984-2016) and 93,454 women from NHSII (1991-2017); 45,445 men from Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986-2016) served as a comparison cohort. Validated food frequency questionnaires were used to calculate Empirical Dietary Inflammatory Pattern (EDIP; food-based index predictive of circulating inflammatory biomarkers) scores every 4-years.

Beta-blockers and epithelial ovarian cancer survival: A Norwegian population-based cohort study.

Cancer diagnosis and therapy cause stress to the body. Preclinical studies have shown that stress hormones can stimulate tumor progression and metastasis by interacting with β-adrenergic receptors, and that β-blockers can inhibit those processes. We assessed if β-blocker use was associated with survival in a nationwide cohort of women with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).

Fluid intake and recurrence and progression risk of patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Objectives: To evaluate the association of pre- and post-diagnosis fluid intake with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) recurrence and progression risk.

Patients And Methods: Data were used from the multicentre prospective cohort study UroLife. Participants reported pre-diagnosis fluid intake at 6 weeks (food frequency questionnaire [FFQ]) (n = 1322) and post-diagnosis fluid intake at 3 and 15 months (FFQ and 4-day 24-h fluid diaries) (n = 1275) after diagnosis.

All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality Associated with Long-Term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter in Japan: The Ibaraki Prefectural Health Study.

Aims: Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) is causally associated with mortality and cardiovascular disease. However, in terms of cardiovascular cause-specific outcomes, there are fewer studies about stroke than about coronary heart disease, particularly in Asia. Furthermore, there remains uncertainty regarding the PM-respiratory disease association.

Predictors of 15-year transitions across living and care settings in a population of Swedish older adults.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the association of sociodemographic, clinical and functional characteristics with the volume of transitions and specific trajectories across living and care settings.

Methods: Using data from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen study, we identified transitions across home (with or without social care), nursing homes, hospitals and postacute care facilities among 3021 adults aged 60+. Poisson and multistate models were used to investigate the association between sociodemographic, clinical and functional characteristics and both the overall volume and hazard ratios (HRs) of specific transitions.

Ultra-processed food consumption and risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease: The Framingham Heart Study.

Background: Ultra-processed food consumption is emerging as a risk factor for various cardiometabolic diseases, however its association with dementia and Alzheimer's disease has rarely been explored.

Objectives: We sought to examine whether ultra-processed food consumption is associated with risk of all-cause dementia and Alzheimer's disease among middle-age and older adults.

Design: A prospective cohort study.

Arterial Stiffness and Subsequent Incidence of CKD and Kidney Function Decline in a Large Longitudinal Community Cohort: The Atherosclerosis in Communities (ARIC) Study.

Rationale & Objective: Arterial stiffness is associated with prevalent chronic kidney disease (CKD). Whether arterial stiffness is prospectively associated with incident CKD is inconclusive.

Study Design: Longitudinal cohort study.