Exploring the complex interplay: gut microbiome, stress, and leptospirosis.

Leptospirosis, a re-emerging zoonotic disease, remains a significant global health concern, especially amid floods and disasters such as the Kakhovka Dam destruction. As is known, the stress that occurs in the conditions of military conflicts among civilian and military personnel significantly affects susceptibility to infectious diseases and possibly even influences their course. This review aims to explore how the gut microbiome and stress mediators (such as catecholamines and corticosteroids) might impact the leptospirosis disease course.

Reductive stress and cytotoxicity in the swollen river mussel (Unio tumidus) exposed to microplastics and salinomycin.

Multistress effects lead to unpredicted consequences in aquatic ecotoxicology and are extremely concerning. The goal of this study was to trace how specific effects of the antibiotic salinomycin (Sal) and microplastics (MP) on the bivalve molluscs are manifested in the combined environmentally relevant exposures. Unio tumidus specimens were treated with Sal (0.

Improving the quality of medical education throught the introduction of moodle system for the formation of terminological competence of medical students.

Objective: Aim is to analyze the possibilities of using the electronic system Moodle for the formation of professional and terminological competence of medical students during the study of terminological competence for improving the quality of medical education.

Patients And Methods: Materials and Methods: The research used a number of scientific methods: general scientific (analysis, synthesis, generalization), specific research and others which ensured the selection and analysis of the source base, made it possible to determine the general trends in the study of the problem of using the electronic system Moodle for the formation of professional and terminological competence of medical students during the study of terminological competence for improving the quality of medical education.

Conclusion: Conclusions: At I.

Exploring the interplay between posttraumatic stress disorder, gut microbiota, and inflammatory biomarkers: a comprehensive meta-analysis.

Introduction: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is the most common mental health disorder to develop following exposure to trauma. Studies have reported conflicting results regarding changes in immune biomarkers and alterations in the abundance of bacterial taxa and microbial diversity in patients with PTSD.

Aim: The purpose of this meta-analysis is to summarize existing studies examining gut microbiota characteristics and changes in immune biomarkers in patients with PTSD.

Metformin Alters mRNA Expression of , , and and Modulates Gut Microbiota in COVID-19 Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

COVID-19 remains a significant global concern, particularly for individuals with type 2 diabetes who face an elevated risk of hospitalization and mortality. Metformin, a primary treatment for type 2 diabetes, demonstrates promising pleiotropic properties that may substantially mitigate disease severity and expedite recovery. Our study of the gut microbiota and the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory T-lymphocyte subpopulations showed that metformin increases bacterial diversity while modulating gene expression related to T-lymphocytes.

EFFECT OF DRY EXTRACT FROM REISHI MUSHROOMS ON THE STATE OF ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEM IN RATS WITH DMH-INDUCED COLON CARCINOGENESIS.

Objective: The aim: To study pro- and antioxidant systems indicators in rats with chemically induced colon carcinogenesis on the background of the reishi mushrooms dry extract use.

Patients And Methods: Materials and methods: The study was performed on 120 white male rats. Chronic oncogenic intoxication was modeled by administering 1,2-dimethyl¬hydrazine (DMH) hydrochloride for 30 weeks (1 time per week).

Exploring Paxlovid Efficacy in COVID-19 Patients with MAFLD: Insights from a Single-Center Prospective Cohort Study.

This study investigates the intricate interplay between Metabolic-associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) and COVID-19, exploring the impact of MAFLD on disease severity, outcomes, and the efficacy of the antiviral agent Paxlovid (nirmatrelvir/ritonavir). MAFLD, affecting a quarter of the global population, emerges as a potential risk factor for severe COVID-19, yet the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remain elusive. This study focuses on the clinical significance of Paxlovid, the first orally bioavailable antiviral agent granted Emergency Use Authorization in the United States.

Genetic and Epigenetic Determinants of COVID-19 Susceptibility: A Systematic Review.

Background: The molecular mechanisms regulating coronavirus pathogenesis are complex, including virus-host interactions associated with replication and innate immune control. However, some genetic and epigenetic conditions associated with comorbidities increase the risk of hospitalization and can prove fatal in infected patients. This systematic review will provide insight into host genetic and epigenetic factors that interfere with COVID-19 expression in light of available evidence.

The Possible Roles of β-alanine and L-carnosine in Anti-aging.

alanine (BA), being a non-proteinogenic amino acid, is an important constituent of L-carnosine (LC), which is necessary for maintaining the muscle buffering capacity and preventing a loss of muscle mass associated with aging effects. BA is also very important for normal human metabolism due to the formation of a part of pantothenate, which is incorporated into coenzyme A. BA is synthesized in the liver, and its combination with histidine results in the formation of LC, which accumulates in the muscles and brain tissues and has a well-defined physiological role as a good buffer for the pH range of muscles that caused its rapidly increased popularity as ergogenic support to sports performance.

Omega-3 supplementation and outcomes of heart failure: A systematic review of clinical trials.

Backgrounds: Omega-3 supplements are endorsed for heart failure (HF) patients to reduce hospitalizations and mortality, offering anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective benefits.

Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in various databases until November 2022. Eligible studies included clinical trials on patients with HF.

TRANSFORMATION OF UKRAINIAN HEALTHCARE TO THE NEW CONDITIONS OF DEVELOPMENT: RISKS, SOLUTIONS, MODERNISATION OPTIONS.

This article analyses the transformation of Ukrainian healthcare in the context of the new digital healthcare. The study highlights the risks faced by Ukraine's healthcare system and proposes solutions and modernization options to improve the situation.The article conducts a narrative synthesis of related literature with a cross-sectional analysis to analyse the development of Ukrainian telemedicine and its current state in European countries.

Left Atrial Septal Pouch (LASP) and cryptogenic stroke risk: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.

Background: The left atrial septal pouch (LASP) is a small anatomical septal recess in the heart that has been linked with cardioembolic events. A systematic appraisal of the existing literature is necessary to establish a better understanding of the risk as studies continue to indicate a correlation between LASPs and cryptogenic strokes.

Objectives: To determine the level of association between the presence of LASP and the risk of developing cryptogenic stroke.

QUANTITATIVE MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE STRUCTURAL REARRANGEMENT OF THE VENOUS BLOOD VESSELS OF THE PROSTATE GLAND IN POST-RESECTION PORTAL HYPERTENSION.

Objective: Aim: Using quantitative morphological methods to study the peculiarities of the structural reconstruction of the venous bad of the prostate at the conditions of post-resection portal hypertension.

Patients And Methods: Materials and Methods: Morphologically, the venous bed of the prostate of 15 intact white rats, 30 animals with post-resection portal hypertension, 17 rats with a combination of post-resection portal hypertension with hepatargia, enteral, cardiac, and renal insufficiency was studied. Rats were slaughtered one month after the start of the experiment by bloodletting under general thiopental anesthesia.

Chlorpromazine's impact on Mytilus galloprovincialis: a multi-faceted investigation.

The antipsychotic chlorpromazine (Cpz) has raised concern as a pharmaceutical effluent due to its wide medical applications. Moreover, its potent pro-oxidant properties and impact on the cell viability of the marine mollusc Mytilus galloprovincialis, even at low concentrations (ng/L), have been noted. Based on this evidence, in this study, we investigated the physiological effects of Cpz on M.

GHRL, LEP, LEPR genes polymorphism and their association with the metabolic syndrome in the Ukrainian population.

Many conflicting results have been obtained in the study of leptin (LEP) and leptin receptor (LEPR) gene variants that are associated with the obesity and diabetes possibly due to differences in the study populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the metabolic hormones (leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, resistin) levels in the blood of obese patients in relation to the GHRL (rs696217), LEP (rs7799039), LEPR (rs1137100, rs1137101, rs1805094) polymorphism in Ukrainian population. The study involved 53 obesity cases and 48 non-obesity subjects (controls).

ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC ASPECTS OF ASSESSMENT OF MITRAL INSUFFICIENCY IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION WITH REDUCED LEFT VENTRICULAR EJECTION FRACTION.

Objective: The aim is to analyze patients with acute myocardial infarction with reduced ejection fraction in order to determine risk factors for mitral insufficiency.

Patients And Methods: Materials and methods: The study included 149 patients with acute myocardial infarction. Among the patients, there were 113 males (75.

POLYMORPHISM OF ACE AND AT2R1 GENES AS A GENETIC BACKGROUND FOR DIFFERENT TYPES OF ENCEPHALOPATHIES.

Objective: The aim: To study the prevalence of ACE I/D and AT2R1 A1166C gene polymorphisms in patients with CTE, SVD, AIE, and PIE and to assess the influence of the presence of a particular genotype of the studied genes on the occurrence and/or progression of encephalopathies.

Patients And Methods: Materials and methods: A total of 96 patients with encephalopathies of various genesis (chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) n=26; chronic alcohol-induced encephalopathy (AIE) n=26; microvascular ischemic disease of the brain (or cerebral small vessel disease, (SVD)) n=18; post-infectious encephalopathy (PIE) n=26) were involved in the study. The molecular genetic study was performed in the molecular genetics laboratory of the State Institution «Reference Center for Molecular Diagnostics of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine», Kyiv.

Intestinal parasite infections among internal war refugees and inhabitants of the Ternopil region, Western Ukraine.

Background: The armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine resulted in the destruction of the country's infrastructure and a decline in the standard of living for many citizens (e.g. shortages of electricity and safe drinking water, limited access to healthcare, living in unsuitable cold basements).

Evaluation of 278 New Bluephase Style Light Curing Units Purchased Over Six Years.

Objective: This study measured 278 new curing lights (LCUs) to determine if they met the manufacturer's specifications.

Materials And Methods: Over a 6-year period, the light output from 278 Bluephase Style LCUs was measured before the LCUs were given to students (41 in 2017, 44 in 2018, 46 in 2019, 48 in 2020, 50 in 2021, and 49 in 2022). The radiant exitance (mW/cm²) from each year was compared using ANOVA and Tukey- Kramer multiple comparisons test with adjustment for the unequal sample sizes (α=0.

Astrocytic insulin receptor controls circadian behavior via dopamine signaling in a sexually dimorphic manner.

Mammalian circadian clocks respond to feeding and light cues, adjusting internal rhythms with day/night cycles. Astrocytes serve as circadian timekeepers, driving daily physiological rhythms; however, it's unknown how they ensure precise cycle-to-cycle rhythmicity. This is critical for understanding why mistimed or erratic feeding, as in shift work, disrupts circadian physiology- a condition linked to type 2 diabetes and obesity.

ASSESSMENT OF LABORATORY ANIMAL FUNCTIONAL STATUS: MODERN METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES FOR CONDUCTING BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH.

Objective: Aim: to outline modern scientific approaches for evaluating the functional condition of small laboratory animals in experimental research.

Patients And Methods: Materials and Methods: Scientific publications on the rules of using laboratory animals in scientific experiments, testing, educational process have been studied. The bioethical norms and principles of animal care and use of material for medical, veterinary and biological profiles were also studied, for example modern methodological approaches for conducting biomedical research, since it is the responsibility of the scientist to achieve reproducible research results using the minimum number of laboratory animals.

THE NEUROLOGICAL MANIFESTATIONS AND FUNCTIONAL INDEPENDENCE IN PATIENTS WITH ENCEPHALOPATHIES OF DIFFERENT TYPES.

Objective: Aim: To access the neurological manifestations and activities of daily living in patients with encephalopathy of one of the following types: post-infectious, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, alcohol-induced, and microvascular ischemic disease of the brain.

Patients And Methods: Materials and Methods: In the period of 2021-2022 we examined 520 patients, who signed the informed consent, taking into account their age, sex, occupation, the cause, and the disease duration. Such parameters were evaluated, as the data of neurological manifestations, the activities of daily living (Barthel index), cognitive functioning (MoCA-test), and statistical methods (Statistica 13.