Development and validation of a score for prediction of postoperative respiratory complications in infants and children (SPORC-C).

Background: In infants and children, postoperative respiratory complications are leading causes of perioperative morbidity, mortality, and increased healthcare utilisation. We aimed to develop a novel score for prediction of postoperative respiratory complications in paediatric patients (SPORC for children).

Methods: We analysed data from paediatric patients (≤12 yr) undergoing surgery in New York and Boston, USA for score development and external validation.

Outcomes in Children Who Undergo Postcardiotomy Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Report From the STS-CHSD.

Background: Children who undergo cardiac surgery may require postcardiotomy extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Although morbidities are considerable, our understanding of outcome determinants is limited. We evaluated associations between patient and perioperative factors with outcomes.

Evaluating the accuracy of lung-RADS score extraction from radiology reports: Manual entry versus natural language processing.

Introduction: Radiology scoring systems are critical to the success of lung cancer screening (LCS) programs, impacting patient care, adherence to follow-up, data management and reporting, and program evaluation. LungCT ScreeningReporting and Data System (Lung-RADS) is a structured radiology scoring system that provides recommendations for LCS follow-up that are utilized (a) in clinical care and (b) by LCS programs monitoring rates of adherence to follow-up. Thus, accurate reporting and reliable collection of Lung-RADS scores are fundamental components of LCS program evaluation and improvement.

The landscape of checkpoint inhibitors in oncology.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapies have become increasingly popular treatment options for patients with cancer, even for patients in non-metastatic settings. Survival and responses have been reported for individual tumor types, but little is known about these outcomes, collectively. We sought to provide an overview of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in ICI drugs tested in registration trials.

The chimera of reaching a universal consensus on platelet-rich plasma treatment for knee osteoarthritis: a review of recent consensus statements and expert opinion.

Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent cause of disability worldwide, affecting millions and posing significant socioeconomic burdens. Various conservative measures like hyaluronic acid (HA) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections aim to manage OA symptoms and delay surgical interventions. Despite the increasing utilization of PRP, consensus on its efficacy remains elusive, reflecting the evolving landscape of OA management.

Posterior fossa Hodgkin's lymphoma radiographically mimicking an arteriovenous malformation: illustrative case.

Background: Intracranial Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) is an exceedingly rare condition that is at an increased risk of misdiagnosis and mismanagement, especially when initial radiographic evidence points to an alternative pathology.

Observations: The authors describe the case of a 75-year-old female who presented with a posterior fossa lesion initially concerning for a vascular malformation on computed tomography imaging due to perilesional hypervascularity. Subsequent angiography revealed a developmental venous anomaly (DVA) but no arteriovenous shunting.

Enhancing point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) utilization in primary care: A thyroid POCUS training course for internal medicine residents.

Background: POCUS is valuable in primary care, yet outpatient-specific point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) curriculum integration into internal medicine (IM) residency is limited. We addressed this gap by developing a thyroid POCUS workshop for IM residents.

Aim: Develop and implement an educational curriculum to integrate thyroid POCUS into an IM residency program and evaluate the impact on resident knowledge, perceived skills, and attitudes.

ARDSFlag: an NLP/machine learning algorithm to visualize and detect high-probability ARDS admissions independent of provider recognition and billing codes.

Background: Despite the significance and prevalence of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), its detection remains highly variable and inconsistent. In this work, we aim to develop an algorithm (ARDSFlag) to automate the diagnosis of ARDS based on the Berlin definition. We also aim to develop a visualization tool that helps clinicians efficiently assess ARDS criteria.

Antiviral activity of the host defense peptide piscidin 1: investigating a membrane-mediated mode of action.

Outbreaks of viral diseases are on the rise, fueling the search for antiviral therapeutics that act on a broad range of viruses while remaining safe to human host cells. In this research, we leverage the finding that the plasma membranes of host cells and the lipid bilayers surrounding enveloped viruses differ in lipid composition. We feature Piscidin 1 (P1), a cationic host defense peptide (HDP) that has antimicrobial effects and membrane activity associated with its N-terminal region where a cluster of aromatic residues and copper-binding motif reside.

U.S.-U.K. PETs Prize Challenge: Anomaly Detection via Privacy-Enhanced Federated Learning.

Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PETs) have the potential to enable collaborative analytics without compromising privacy. This is extremely important for collaborative analytics can allow us to really extract value from the large amounts of data that are collected in domains such as healthcare, finance, and national security, among others. In order to foster innovation and move PETs from the research labs to actual deployment, the U.

Group exercise for balance in people with Parkinson's disease: a systematic review with meta-analysis.

Background: High-quality evidence shows that exercise helps people with Parkinson's disease improve functional abilities including balance. However, few studies have investigated whether the setting and format through which balance-focused exercise programs are provided matters. This systematic review investigated group exercise compared to individual exercise, and to no-exercise control (CTL), on clinical measures of balance for people with Parkinson's disease.

Genome resequencing reveals population divergence and local adaptation of blacklegged ticks in the United States.

Tick vectors and tick-borne disease are increasingly impacting human populations globally. An important challenge is to understand tick movement patterns, as this information can be used to improve management and predictive modelling of tick population dynamics. Evolutionary analysis of genetic divergence, gene flow and local adaptation provides insight on movement patterns at large spatiotemporal scales.

Centering and flourishing: an online intervention study assessing the effects of a Christian contemplative practice on stress-reduction and human flourishing.

Despite widespread engagement in contemplative religious practices, comparatively little research has been conducted on their potential effects on well-being. Furthermore, few studies have focused on how an explicitly religious framing may impact the outcomes of such practices. In this online randomized controlled trial (N = 702), we tested the well-being effects of a contemplative prayer practice called Centering Prayer on self-identifying Christians.

Association between acute peripancreatic fluid collections and early readmission in acute pancreatitis: A propensity-matched analysis.

Background: Patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) frequently experience hospital readmissions, posing a significant burden to healthcare systems. Acute peripancreatic fluid collection (APFC) may negatively impact the clinical course of AP. It could worsen symptoms and potentially lead to additional complications.

Impact of COVID-19 on liver transplant recipients: A nationwide cohort study evaluating hospitalization, transplant rejection, and inpatient mortality.

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has posed a major public health concern worldwide. Patients with comorbid conditions are at risk of adverse outcomes following COVID-19. Solid organ transplant recipients with concurrent immunosuppression and comorbidities are more susceptible to a severe COVID-19 infection.

Advantages of Early Surgical Management of Periorbital Infantile Hemangiomas.

Early evaluation and treatment of periorbital infantile hemangiomas (POIH) were associated with lower rates of ophthalmological complications. To evaluate age and characteristics associated with improved anisometropic astigmatism (anisoastigmatism) and eye symmetry measured by diopters and a 5-point scale, respectively, in patients with POIH treated with surgical excision. A retrospective study was performed on patients with POIH.

Development of a new observer-rated measure to assess the real relationship in psychotherapy sessions.

Objectives: Real relationship (RR) refers to a genuine human relationship between client and therapist, that has been found to be positively related to treatment outcome, and to predict unique variance in outcome over and above the working alliance. However, thus far, the measurement of RR has been limited to self-report. We aimed to develop an observer-rated version of the RR measure (RR-O) to assess RR in therapy sessions.

Social cognition and bulimic symptoms in male undergraduate students: The conditional effect of emotion dysregulation.

Objective: Research demonstrates associations between poor social cognition and eating disorder (ED) pathology. Moreover, research shows that individuals with EDs struggle with emotion regulation. The present study replicates and extends the literature on social cognition and ED pathology, which previously focused largely on symptoms of anorexia nervosa among women while the present study focuses on symptoms of bulimia nervosa among undergraduate men.

Clinical Experiences Using Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Eating Disorders.

Data suggests that despite the availability of evidence-based psychological treatments for eating disorders (EDs), techniques from these therapies may be less frequently used within real-life clinical practice. The aim of this study was to provide the opportunity for clinicians to give feedback on their experiences treating EDs using cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) through reporting on use of CBT techniques and barriers to treatment implementation in naturalistic settings. Clinicians (N = 126) who self-identified as using CBT for EDs reported demographic information, frequency/usefulness of empirically supported treatment techniques, problems/limitations of CBT, and barriers faced while implementing CBT.

An investigation into gender distributions in scholarly publications among dental faculty members in Iran.

Background: Research on gender inequality is crucial as it unveils the pervasive disparities that persist across various domains, shedding light on societal imbalances and providing a foundation for informed policy-making.

Aim: To investigate gender differences in scientometric indices among faculty members in dental schools across Iran. This included overall data and speciality-specific data.

Survey results of COVID-19 pandemic on female surgical trainees: New normal work environment.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on surgical training globally. We aimed to explore and identify the specific challenges faced by women surgeons during the pandemic and provide recommendations for improvement.

Methods: A survey was conducted among trainee members of the Association of Women Surgeons, assessing various aspects of clinical training, mental well-being, and personal and professional life.

Comparative physiological effects of antipsychotic drugs in children and young people: a network meta-analysis.

Background: The degree of physiological responses to individual antipsychotic drugs is unclear in children and adolescents. With network meta-analysis, we aimed to investigate the effects of various antipsychotic medications on physiological variables in children and adolescents with neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental conditions.

Methods: For this network meta-analysis, we searched Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Scopus from database inception until Dec 22, 2023, and included randomised controlled trials comparing antipsychotics with placebo in children or adolescents younger than 18 years with any neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental condition.