Plasma Endothelin-1 Levels: Non-Predictors of Alzheimer's Disease Reveal Age Correlation in African American Women.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADRD) disproportionately impact racial and ethnic minorities. Contributing biological factors that explain this disparity have been elusive. Moreover, non-invasive biomarkers for early detection of AD are needed.

Assessing Attitudes and Perceptions of High-Risk, Low-Resource Communities Towards Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Public-Access Defibrillation.

Layperson cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and automated external defibrillator (AED) use are vital for improving survival rates after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), yet their application varies by community demographics. We evaluated the concerns and factors influencing willingness to perform CPR and use AEDs among laypersons in high-risk, low-resource communities. From April 2022 to March 2024, laypersons in Northern Manhattan's Community District 12 completed surveys assessing their attitudes toward CPR and AED use before attending Hands-Only CPR training.

Metabolic Sequelae and Quality of Life in Early Post-Treatment Period in Adolescents with Hodgkin Lymphoma.

: The long-term consequences of intensive treatment for Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), including metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiovascular diseases, but also deteriorated quality of life (QoL), are present in many survivors of childhood HL. : Adolescents and young adults diagnosed with HL who continued the follow-up after successful treatment for HL were included. Anthropometric parameters, body composition, laboratory data, blood pressure values, compliance to the Mediterranean diet (MD), QoL and lifestyle habits were evaluated at the follow-up.

Efficacy of Hearing Aids in Patients with Hearing Difficulties in Noise: Focus on Hidden Hearing Loss.

Hearing aids (HAs) have been used for standard high-frequency hearing loss and tinnitus, but their effects on speech intelligibility in noise (SIN) in people with normal hearing, including hidden hearing loss (HHL), have been little explored. We included in a prospective cohort study patients who experience poor SIN and have normal pure tone average in quiet conditions or slight HL. We used open-fit HAs.

Efficacy of Larval Therapy for Wounds: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

: Larval therapy (LT), an intervention using live fly larvae to remove necrotic tissue and promote healing, has regained attention in order to address the growing need for chronic wound management. LT was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2004 to treat difficult-to-heal wounds; however, LT remains an underutilized therapy. To evaluate efficacy of LT in a systematic review and meta-analysis of wound outcomes from randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Experimental Study of Carbonation and Chloride Resistance of Self-Compacting Concretes with a High Content of Fly Ash and Metakaolin, with and Without Hydrated Lime.

The durability of reinforced concrete is associated with several factors that can trigger the corrosion of reinforcement bars. Among these factors, the most significant are chloride-ion attack and carbonation. This study evaluated, through accelerated testing, self-compacting concretes (SCCs) with reduced cement content in binary, ternary, and quaternary mixtures using high-early-strength Portland cement, fly ash (FA), metakaolin (MK), and hydrated lime (HL).

Differential Cytotoxicity and Inflammatory Responses to Particulate Matter Components in Airway Structural Cells.

Particulate matter (PM) is a major component of ambient air pollution. PM exposure is linked to numerous adverse health effects, including chronic lung diseases. Air quality guidelines designed to regulate levels of ambient PM are currently based on the mass concentration of different particle sizes, independent of their origin and chemical composition.

VX-770, C-A1, and Increased Intracellular cAMP Have Distinct Acute Impacts upon CFTR Activity.

The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is an anion channel that is dysfunctional in individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF). The permeability of CFTR can be experimentally manipulated though different mechanisms, including activation via inducing the phosphorylation of residues in the regulatory domain as well as altering the gating/open probability of the channel. Phosphorylation/activation of the channel is achieved by exposure to compounds that increase intracellular cAMP, with forskolin and IBMX commonly used for this purpose.

Missing Regulation Between Genetic Association and Transcriptional Abundance for Hypercholesterolemia Genes.

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and it plays a causal role in the development of atherosclerosis. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have successfully identified hundreds of genetic variants associated with LDL-C. Most of these risk loci fall in non-coding regions of the genome, and it is unclear how these non-coding variants affect circulating lipid levels.

Novel Variants and Clinical Features of Hearing Loss in a Large Japanese Cohort.

Background/objectives: The gene is responsible for autosomal recessive non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss and is assigned as DFNB18B. To date, 44 causative variants have been reported to cause non-syndromic hearing loss. However, the detailed clinical features for -associated hearing loss remain unclear.

Sickle Cell Disease in the Islands of Zanzibar: Patients' Characteristics, Management, and Clinical Outcomes.

Background: This study aimed to describe Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) phenotypes, sociodemographic characteristics, healthcare, and clinical outcomes of patients with SCD attending Mnazi Mmoja Hospital (MMH) in Zanzibar.

Methods: Individuals who visited MMH between September 2021 and December 2022 and were known or suspected to have SCD were enrolled in the clinic. Sociodemographic characteristics and clinical features were documented, and laboratory tests were performed.

Cell Type Specific Suppression of Hyper-Recombination by Human RAD18 Is Linked to Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen K164 Ubiquitination.

RAD18 is a conserved eukaryotic E3 ubiquitin ligase that promotes genome stability through multiple pathways. One of these is gap-filling DNA synthesis at active replication forks and in post-replicative DNA. RAD18 also regulates homologous recombination (HR) repair of DNA breaks; however, the current literature describing the contribution of RAD18 to HR in mammalian systems has not reached a consensus.

Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester Protects Neurons Against Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration During Traumatic Brain Injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an inflammatory disease causing neurodegeneration. One of the consequences of inflammation is an elevated blood level of fibrinogen (Fg). Earlier we found that extravasated Fg induced an increased expression of neuronal nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65.

Immunological Regulation of Fibrosis During Heart Failure: It Takes Two to Tango.

Immuno-fibrotic networks and their protein mediators, such as cytokines and chemokines, have increasingly been appreciated for their critical role in cardiac healing and fibrosis during cardiomyopathy. Immune activation, trafficking, and extravasation are tightly regulated to ensure a targeted and effective response against non-self antigens/pathogens while preserving tolerance towards self-antigens and coordinate fibrotic responses for efficient scar formation, a distinction that is severely compromised during chronic diseases. It is clear that immune cells are not only the critical regulators of post-infarct healing and scarring but are also the key players in regulating fibroblast activation during left-ventricular (LV) remodeling.

Clinical Characteristics, Pathogen Distribution, and Factors Affecting Visual Outcomes of Pediatric Post-Traumatic Endophthalmitis.

This study aimed to investigate the etiology, pathogens, antibiotic susceptibility, treatments, and factors influencing the visual prognosis of pediatric post-traumatic endophthalmitis (PTE) to provide valuable insights for clinical diagnosis and treatment. A total of 301 children were included, with 142 (47.2%) cultures yielding positive results.

Comparison of Vaccination Regimens on Immune Responses Using PED Replicon Vaccine: A Field Trial in PED-Negative and PED-Positive Thai Swine Farms.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is an economically important pathogen of swine, causing severe diarrhea in neonates with high morbidity and mortality. Vaccination is a key strategy for PEDV control, but optimizing regimens based on herd status is essential for improving immunity and protection. This study evaluated immune responses to different vaccination protocols using a PED replicon vaccine (PED-RP) in Thai swine farms with varying PED statuses.

Effects of Supplementation on Growth Performance, Hepatic Lipid Metabolism, and mRNA Expression of Lipid Metabolism Genes and Intestinal Flora in Geese.

The effects of () at a concentration of 1.0 × 10 CFU/mL on growth performance, hepatic lipid metabolism, and mRNA expression related to lipid metabolism, intestinal morphology, and intestinal flora were investigated in geese. A total of 60 male geese, aged 30 days and of similar weight, were randomly assigned to 2 groups.

Lipid Metabolism Alterations in Hyperlipidemic Dogs with Biliary Tract or Endocrine Diseases.

Fasting hyperlipidemia results from lipid metabolism defects associated with alterations in specific lipoprotein classes. These changes may originate from genetic predispositions or underlying metabolic disorders, including cholestasis and endocrine diseases. This retrospective study aimed to analyze variations in lipoprotein electrophoresis (LPE) profiles in hyperlipidemic dogs and investigate the associations between biliary tract diseases, endocrine disorders, and lipid metabolism.

DNA Repair Capacity and Clinicopathological Characteristics in Puerto Rican Hispanic/Latino Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) accounts for 22% of the new cases diagnosed in Hispanic/Latino (H/L) men in the US. PCa has the highest incidence (38.3%) and mortality (16.

Advancing Cancer Drug Delivery with Nanoparticles: Challenges and Prospects in Mathematical Modeling for In Vivo and In Vitro Systems.

Mathematical models are crucial for predicting the behavior of drug conjugate nanoparticles and optimizing drug delivery systems in cancer therapy. These models simulate interactions among nanoparticle properties, tumor characteristics, and physiological conditions, including drug resistance and targeting specificity. However, they often rely on assumptions that may not accurately reflect in vivo conditions.

Pediatric Intensive Care Provider Attitudes About Children with Medical Complexity and Neurologic Impairment: A Qualitative Study.

(1) Background: Children with medical complexity (CMC) and neurologic impairment (NI) are a growing population in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs). (2) Objective: Our aim was to explore and describe the experiences and beliefs of PICU providers caring for CMC with NI. (3) Methods: A qualitative interview-based study was conducted.

Efficacy of Health Literacy Interventions for Caregivers of Individuals with Neurodevelopmental and Chronic Conditions: A Rapid Review.

Background/objectives: Caregivers of individuals with neurodevelopmental and chronic health conditions require health literacy (HL) skills for the long-term management of these conditions. The aim of this rapid review was to investigate the efficacy of HL interventions for these caregivers.

Methods: Five databases (Cochrane Central, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and PsycINFO) were searched.

Successful Pregnancy Outcome in a Patient Treated with Pembrolizumab and Exposed to Fluoro-Deoxyglucose (F-FDG) PET/CT: Case Report and Review of Literature.

Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a common malignancy among women of reproductive age. Some pregnancies occur during oncological treatments or diagnostic follow-ups, often involving contraindicated procedures. HL is fluorodeoxyglucose-avid; therefore, its staging is generally performed with F-FDG PET/CT, a diagnostic method contraindicated during pregnancy.

Optimized Method to Generate Well-Characterized Macrophages from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells.

: Macrophages play a pivotal role in various pathogenic processes, necessitating the development of efficient differentiation techniques to meet the high demand for these cells in research and therapy. Human macrophages can be obtained via culturing peripheral blood monocytes; however, this source has limited yields and requires patient contact for each proposed use. In addition, it would be difficult to perform gene editing on peripheral blood monocytes.

Oxidative Stress, Glutathione Insufficiency, and Inflammatory Pathways in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Implications for Therapeutic Interventions.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is significantly associated with oxidative stress, resulting from the imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and antioxidant defenses. This imbalance contributes to insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction, and complications in organs like the vasculature and nervous system. Glutathione (GSH), a major antioxidant, is crucial for neutralizing ROS, but GSH levels are notably low in T2DM, exacerbating oxidative stress and inflammation.