71 results match your criteria: "HIV-1 Associated Myopathies"

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) causes various diseases in different age groups. Neurological manifestations of HIV are common and add to morbidity and mortality. It was previously thought that the central nervous system (CNS) was involved only in the advanced stages of the disease.

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Fluorescence-Based Binding Characterization of Small Molecule Ligands Targeting CUG RNA Repeats.

Int J Mol Sci

March 2022

Department of Chemistry and The RNA Institute, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222, USA.

Pathogenic CUG and CCUG RNA repeats have been associated with myotonic dystrophy type 1 and 2 (DM1 and DM2), respectively. Identifying small molecules that can bind these RNA repeats is of great significance to develop potential therapeutics to treat these neurodegenerative diseases. Some studies have shown that aminoglycosides and their derivatives could work as potential lead compounds targeting these RNA repeats.

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We present a case of a 37-year-old man with HIV infection who had been on antiretroviral therapy for one year. He was admitted to our hospital with red and swollen eyes, acute onset progressive exophthalmos, and intermittent diplopia endured for 7 days. His symptoms, exam, and imaging led to a diagnosis of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome associated orbital myositis.

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Article Synopsis
  • - Vacuolar encephalomyelopathy, previously significant in late-stage HIV-1 infections, is now being acknowledged again, especially in a case involving a newly diagnosed HIV-infected man who also had granulomatous-lymphocytic interstitial lung disease (GLILD).
  • - The 40-year-old patient exhibited symptoms like chronic cough and paraplegia, with tests revealing lung and brain abnormalities; he was diagnosed with both GLILD and HIV-associated vacuolar encephalomyelopathy based on specific medical examinations.
  • - Following the start of antiretroviral therapy (ART), the patient showed marked improvement in neurological symptoms and respiratory conditions, underscoring the necessity of considering these diagnoses in HIV patients even
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What is in the Myopathy Literature?

J Clin Neuromuscul Dis

March 2018

Departments of Neurology and Pathology (Neuropathology), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA.

Article Synopsis
  • - The review examines recent findings on sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM), HIV-related myopathy, and necrotizing autoimmune myopathy linked to specific antibodies.
  • - It discusses genetic associations with sIBM, the role of a particular antibody in disease progression, and the impact on healthcare costs.
  • - The review also highlights cases of HIV patients showing symptoms of both sIBM and polymyositis, and notes a potential improvement in a patient with late-onset rod-body myopathy treated with immunotherapy.
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Background: Treatment of acute human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (AHI) decreases transmission and preserves immune function, but AHI diagnosis remains resource intensive. Risk-based scores predictive for AHI have been described for high-risk groups; however, symptom-based scores could be more generalizable across populations.

Methods: Adults who tested either positive for AHI (antibody-negative, HIV nucleic acid test [NAT] positive) or HIV NAT negative with the community-based San Diego Early Test HIV screening program were retrospectively randomized 2:1 into a derivation and validation set.

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Objectives: The objective of our study was to describe the clinical characteristics, electrophysiology, MRI features and conduct viral assays in patients with Monomelic Amyotrophy (MMA) and follow them up over one year.

Methods: Consecutive patients with MMA who attended the Neurology services from April 2013 to March 2014 were included. Age and sex matched controls were taken for the purpose of viral assay analysis.

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Acute rhabdomyolysis is a rare phenomenon in the emergency setting almost exclusively associated with trauma, drugs, and recent upper respiratory and gastrointestinal infection. Rare reports in the literature have highlighted adult patients presenting with rhabdomyolysis as 1 component in a constellation of symptoms in acute HIV-1 seroconversion; however, there are few reports of rhabdomyolysis as the sole presenting symptom. This case highlights the importance of investigating HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases in pediatric cases of rhabdomyolysis in the emergency care setting.

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Skeletal muscle toxicity in HIV-1-infected patients treated with a raltegravir-containing antiretroviral therapy: a cohort study.

AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses

December 2014

Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Infectious Diseases Unit, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy .

To evaluate the frequency of myopathy and serum creatine kinase (CK) elevation associated with the use of the integrase inhibitor raltegravir we conducted a retrospective, cohort analysis assessing the incidence of skeletal muscle toxicity among HIV-infected patients treated with raltegravir. Adult HIV-infected patients who started a raltegravir-containing therapy were enrolled into the study. The skeletal muscle toxicity was defined by the presence of one or more of the following parameters: (1) isolated and significant CK elevation without signs or symptoms; (2) diffuse myalgia without weakness; (3) proximal muscle weakness; (4) rhabdomyolysis.

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Factors associated with inspiratory muscle weakness in patients with HIV-1.

Braz J Infect Dis

August 2015

Exercise Pathophysiology Research Laboratory and Cardiology Division, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Serra Gaucha College, Caxias do Sul, Brazil. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
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Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors are key components of combination antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection. First-generation NRTIs are associated with mitochondrial toxicity in patients, mainly due to inhibition of human DNA polymerase γ (hDNA polγ) that manifests as adverse events such as lipodystrophy, lactic acidosis, myopathy, cardiomyopathy, or nephropathy in patients. In chronic nonclinical studies in rodents and nonrodents, eukaryotic (host) mitochondrial toxicity manifests as some drug-specific toxicities similar to human toxicity.

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Objectives: Inversion of the CD4:CD8 ratio (< 1) has been identified as a hallmark of inmmunosenescence and an independent predictor of mortality in the general population. We aimed to assess the association between the CD4:CD8 ratio and markers of age-associated disease in treated HIV-infected patients with good immunovirological response.

Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted in 132 HIV-infected adults on antiretroviral therapy (ART), with plasma HIV RNA < 50 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL for at least 1 year, CD4 count > 350 cells/μL and age < 65 years.

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Sustained increase of serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) concentrations and muscle abnormalities have been reported in patients taking raltegravir (RAL). In this report, we describe a case of sustained and asymptomatic increase of serum CPK concentrations associated with raltegravir, zidovudine, and lamivudine in an HIV-1 experienced patient with intolerance to protease inhibitor, abacavir and penicillin during 32 weeks of continuous drug monitoring.

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Objective/design: Raltegravir is uncommonly associated with rhabdomyolysis and grade 3-4 creatine kinase (CK) elevation. In this cross-sectional study, we compared the prevalence of skeletal muscle toxicity in HIV-infected adults receiving raltegravir with that of a control group.

Methods: Adults receiving combination antiretroviral therapy were recruited consecutively.

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Dermatomyositis associated with HIV-1 infection in a Nigerian adult female: a case report.

Afr Health Sci

March 2012

Department of Medicine, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Amasomma, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has been implicated as a trigger for various autoimmune diseases, one of which is dermatomyositis. This is a very rare autoimmune disease characterised by myopathy, typical cutaneous signs and variable systemic manifestations. To our knowledge, the association of this rare disease with HIV infection has not been previously reported in Nigeria.

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HIV-associated fatigue in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy: novel biological mechanisms?

HIV Med

April 2013

Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, Royal Victo, ria Infirmary, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.

Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors for HIV-associated fatigue in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).

Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 100 stable HIV-infected out-patients was carried out. Severity of fatigue was measured using the Fatigue Impact Scale (FIS).

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Article Synopsis
  • A study investigated the link between the xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) and diseases like prostate cancer and chronic fatigue syndrome by analyzing blood samples from various groups.
  • Researchers tested 1103 samples for XMRV markers, including antibodies and DNA sequences, finding very few cases of seroreactivity.
  • Ultimately, the study concluded there was no evidence of XMRV infection in individuals with chronic illnesses or blood donors in Spain, suggesting a lack of association with these health conditions.
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Article Synopsis
  • * In experiments with HIV-1 transgenic rats, alcohol consumption decreased muscle mass and protein content, highlighting significant muscle atrophy when combined with HIV-1.
  • * The study found increased catabolic signaling factors (e.g., TGFβ1, TNFα) in rats with both conditions, while certain anabolic factors (CT-1, CNTF) were reduced, indicating complicated interactions in muscle signaling pathways.
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Charting the peptide crossreactome between HIV-1 and the human proteome.

Front Biosci (Elite Ed)

June 2011

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ernesto Quagliariello, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.

This paper defines potential peptide cross-reactivity between HIV-1 and the human host. Specifically, the amino acid primary sequence of HIV-1, isolate CDC-451, was analyzed for potential immunopathological relationships with the human proteome. The results revealed that: 1) HIV-1 shares 50 heptapeptides and three octapeptides with the human proteome; 2) 34 of the 50 shared heptapeptides are experimentally validated epitopes targeted by immune responses following HIV-1 infection; 3) the viral heptapeptide epitopes are present in human proteins that, when altered, are associated with disease characteristics of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) such as CD4+ cell loss, encephalopathy, schizophrenia, myopathy, cardiovascular disorders, hypertension, corneal diseases, diarrhea, lymphoma, and bladder cancer; 4) at the pentapeptide level, the viral-versus-human overlap is extensive (14,227 matches), with the viral pentapeptides disseminated throughout 10,312 human proteins.

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Neuromuscular diseases associated with HIV-1 infection.

Muscle Nerve

December 2009

Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, USA.

Neuromuscular disorders are common in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); they occur at all stages of disease and affect all parts of the peripheral nervous system. These disorders have diverse etiologies including HIV itself, immune suppression and dysregulation, comorbid illnesses and infections, and side effects of medications. In this article, we review the following HIV-associated conditions: distal symmetric polyneuropathy; inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy; mononeuropathy; mononeuropathy multiplex; autonomic neuropathy; progressive polyradiculopathy due to cytomegalovirus; herpes zoster; myopathy; and other, rarer disorders.

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An immune reconstitution syndrome (IRS) occurs in between 10% and 25% of patients starting highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART). A 49-year-old patient presents a tenosynovitis 6 weeks after HAART initiation. In our patient, exhaustive tests for infectious, inflammatory and drug-related causes of tenosynovitis were negative.

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Skeletal and cardiac myopathy in HIV-1 transgenic rats.

Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab

October 2008

Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA.

The mechanism by which human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection in humans leads to the erosion of lean body mass is poorly defined. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine whether transgenic (Tg) rats that constitutively overexpress HIV-1 viral proteins exhibit muscle wasting and to elucidate putative mechanisms. Over 7 mo, Tg rats gained less body weight than pair-fed controls exclusively as a result of a proportional reduction in lean, not fat, mass.

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Background: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and the consequent acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has protean manifestations, including muscle wasting and cardiomyopathy, which contribute to its high morbidity. The pathogenesis of these myopathies remains partially understood, and may include nutritional deficiencies, biochemical abnormalities, inflammation, and other mechanisms due to viral infection and replication. Growing evidence has suggested that HIV-1-related proteins expressed by the host in response to viral infection, including Tat and gp120, may also be involved in the pathophysiology of AIDS, particularly in cells or tissues that are not directly infected with HIV-1.

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