Calcified stone in intestinal blind loop after 60 years of surgical treatment of complex jejunal atresia: an attempt to understand an enigma.

A 60-year-old woman was presented in emergency department with abdominal pain and vomiting for 1 day. She was known to have seropositive rheumatoid arthritis. Importantly, she was treated surgically for complex jejunal atresia and duplication surgery, when she was 6 days old.

Commitment towards a better future for medical education in Saudi Arabia: the efforts of the college of medicine at Qassim University to become socially accountable.

: The College of Medicine at Qassim University (COMQU) was founded in 2001 as a problem-based learning and community-oriented medical school in order to strengthen the health system not only in the Qassim region but also in the whole of Saudi Arabia. The aim of the current study was to assess whether the COMQU is a socially accountable medical school and the steps taken to achieve that target.: The study used the social accountability grid published by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a framework to assess the social accountability efforts in the context of three functions of medical schools: education, service and research.

Analyzing the social aspects of the integrated program of field training, research, and rural development course, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gezira, Sudan.

Introduction: Social factors such as culture, race, education, belief, and living and working environment can be part of the causes of diseases or influence the natural history of a disease.

Materials And Methods: We have adopted the Harden's ten questions of curriculum development framework approach to assess the social impact of medical curriculum of Faculty of Medicine, Gezira University (FMUG), among the Integrated Program of Field Training, Research, and Rural Development course. We have assessed the objectives and aims of the course and critically analyzed how these will meet the need for social sciences to be integrated into the curriculum.

Thymus Imaging Detection and Size Is Inversely Associated With Metabolic Syndrome and Frailty in People With HIV.

Background: People with HIV (PWH) may experience accentuating aging in relation to immuno-activation. Little is known regarding thymus (THY) involution in this process. We sought to investigate the relationship between THY imaging detection/size and clinically relevant aging outcomes such as metabolic syndrome (MetS), multimorbidity (MM), and frailty in PWH.

Significant chronic airway abnormalities in never-smoking HIV-infected patients.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to describe chronic lung disease in HIV-infected never-smokers by looking at clinical, structural and functional abnormalities.

Methods: This comparative cross-sectional study included 159 HIV-infected never-smoking patients [mean (± standard deviation) age 54.6 ± 9.

Attitudes of participants of master degree in family medicine in Gezira University, Sudan towards Psychiatry: A vision to sustain continuous gain.

Introduction: Family medicine physicians are first contact of patients in the community and their role in treating mental health is highly recommended. The aim of the current study is to assess attitudes towards psychiatry among doctors enrolled in master degree in family medicine in Gezira University before and after training in psychiatry.

Methods: This study was a quantitative cross-sectional study with two stages - pre- and post-psychiatry training.

"Moving Fourth": A Vision Toward Achieving Healthy Living with HIV Beyond Viral Suppression.

Since HIV has evolved from being a fatal illness to a chronic condition, this brings new challenges relating to long-term health, as increasing numbers of people living with HIV (PLHIV) navigate their lives beyond viral suppression. This review presents the challenges facing patients and health-care providers managing HIV in Europe today. We highlight the challenges that the evolving landscape in HIV brings, including managing an aging and more diverse population of PLHIV; this requires a shift from managing disease to managing health and may best be achieved by multidisciplinary teams in the long term.

Vitamin D level and its determinants among Sudanese Women: Does it matter in a sunshine African Country?

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is a worldwide concern. The aim of the current study was to determine the vitamin D level and its contributing factors in Sudanese women.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 251 Sudanese women attending Family Health Centers in Khartoum, Sudan were interviewed.

Factors affecting adherence to antiepileptic medications among Sudanese individuals with epilepsy: A cross-sectional survey.

Background: Nonadherence to medication is widespread in epilepsy and other chronic diseases. Studies reporting adherence to antiepileptic medications are very limited in African countries. Adherence reports from low income African countries are few in contrast to multiple studies from high-income countries.

Knowledge and practice of diabetic foot care in Sudan: A cross sectional survey.

Background: Diabetes in Sudan is real health challenge for health authorities especially optimum glycemic control and complications in particular diabetic septic foot. This is study aimed to assess knowledge of individuals with diabetes about self-foot care.

Methods: This is descriptive cross sectional, health facility-based study conducted in diabetes center in Khartoum, Sudan.

Challenging neurological presentations of varicella virus infections in Sudan: Clinical features, imaging and recommendations.

Consequences of varicella zoster infection reflect a wide range of minor to serious complications involving the central nervous system. This is a case series with challenging presentations, imaging features and favorable outcome. For example, the cases presented with clinical features that resemble Brown Sequard Syndrome, transverse myelitis manner and multiple sclerosis and cognitive decline.

Serum vitamin D level, sun-exposed area, dietary factors, and physical activity as predictors of invasive breast cancer risk among Sudanese women: A case-control study.

Background: The role of vitamin D in the development, progression, and prognosis of breast cancer, though widely studied worldwide, has been inconclusive. This study intended to assess the role of some factors (including serum vitamin D level, sun-exposed area, dietary factors, and physical activity) as predictors of the development of invasive breast cancer (IBC) among Sudanese women.

Methods: A case-control study was conducted on 200 Sudanese women (100 with newly diagnosed IBC and 100 matched healthy females).

Patterns, outcomes and trends in hospital visits of un-operated and operated children with rheumatic heart disease in Sudan.

Background: Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is an important public health problem in Sudan.

Methods: Clinical and echocardiographic findings from an RHD registry in Khartoum (January 2005-March 2018) are described. Operated and un-operated children were prospectively followed.

Impact of prolonged maraviroc treatment on non-AIDS-related comorbidities in HIV-positive patients: a retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: This retrospective study evaluates the effect of maraviroc, the first CCR5 receptor antagonist, on non-AIDS-related comorbidity incidence and its impact on inflammatory and lipid parameters.

Methods: Seventy-four HIV patients on maraviroc treatment were compared with 312 patients never exposed to maraviroc (matched for sex, age and CD4 nadir).

Results: At baseline (T0), maraviroc patients presented a longer duration of HIV infection, a higher prevalence of comorbidities and a greater frequency of polypharmacy.

The Interplay Between Age and Frailty in People Living With HIV: Results From an 11-Year Follow-up Observational Study.

Between 2006 and 2017, frailty prevalence decreased in HIV-positive individuals aged 50 years but presented a 3-fold increase among those 75 years of age. This dynamic relationship, defined as the frailty compression ratio, represents the net result of gero-inducing and gero-protective competing forces, described in the cohort.

Comparing the participation of men and women in academic medicine in medical colleges in Sudan: A cross-sectional survey.

Introduction: In different countries around the world, the involvement of women in academic medicine was less in comparison with men. This study aimed to assess whether there were significant gender differences in research perception, practice, and publication in Sudan.

Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study was carried out using questionnaire among 153 teaching staff of five Sudanese medical faculties from both genders, including teaching assistants, lecturers, assistant professors, associate professors, and full professors.

An outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis among a displaced population in North Sudan: Review of cases.

Background: Human cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is an endemic disease in many parts of Sudan.

Objective: To document an outbreak of CL among internally displaced people (IDP) in north Sudan.

Methods: A household survey was conducted in the rural region of New Manasir, at El Damer Locality in north Sudan during the year 2013.

Accuracy of imaging methods for steatohepatitis diagnosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients: A systematic review.

Background & Aims: Non-invasive tests to diagnose non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are urgently needed. This systematic review aims to evaluate imaging accuracy in diagnosing NASH among non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients, using liver biopsy as reference.

Methods: Eligible studies were systematic reviews and cross-sectional/cohort studies of NAFLD patients comparing imaging with histology, considering accuracy and/or associations.

European cohorts of older HIV adults: POPPY, AGEIV, GEPPO, COBRA and FUNCFRAIL.

Aim: The recent and rapid demographic changes affecting people living with HIV (PLWH) produced a subset of older adults demanding a prompt response both in clinical practice and research setting. The scientific community had to properly design studies that include older adults living with HIV (OALWH), aged > 50 years, or geriatric PLWH, aged > 65 years to explore the interaction between aging and HIV itself, antiretroviral therapy (ART) and non-infectious co-morbidities (NICM). Choosing between these two types of cohorts may represent a trap, but also a possibility to measure different outcomes and obtain different evidence.

Molecular Imaging of Vascular Calcification with F-Sodium-Fluoride in Patients Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus.

F-Sodium Fluoride (NaF) accumulates in areas of active hydroxyapatite deposition and potentially unstable atherosclerotic plaques. We assessed the presence of atherosclerotic plaques in 50 adult patients with HIV (HIV+) who had undergone two cardiac computed tomography scans to measure coronary artery calcium (CAC) progression. CAC and its progression are predictive of an unfavorable prognosis.

Ethnicity and diabetes complications in Sudanese population: The need for further genetic population testing.

Background: The aim of the present study was to assess whether there is an association between ethnicity and the high prevalence of diabetes complications in Sudan.

Methods: This was cross-sectional hospital-based study with 316 individuals with diabetes conducted in Khartoum state, Sudan. A questionnaire was used to collect demographic information.

Knowledge, attitude and practice of Sudanese pharmacist with regard to management of diabetes during Ramadan: A cross-sectional survey.

Background: Fasting during Ramadan for some individuals with diabetes may lead to complications. Pharmacists may assist in dose adjustment and compliance with medication during Ramadan. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of Sudanese community pharmacists in the management of diabetes during Ramadan.