Reactivation of the Epstein-Barr Virus Leading to Acute Liver Failure in a Patient Living with HIV.

We report a case of a 46-year-old female living with HIV since 2010 who was originally from Malawi and had settled in the UK in 2001. She was admitted to our hospital with confusion and quickly noted to have a decreased Glasgow Coma Scale of 10/15. Her biochemical parameters showed the presence of elevated liver function tests (LFTs), clotting abnormalities, and her ammonia were found to be >400 mmol/L with a severe metabolic acidosis (pH = 7.

Challenging Presentations of Seven Cases of Gastrointestinal Basidiobolomycosis in Sudan: Clinical Features, Histology, Imaging, and Recommendations.

Basidiobolomycosis is a fungal infection caused by which affects the skin and subcutaneous tissue and rarely the gastrointestinal tract. We report seven cases of gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis with interesting clinical, radiological, and histological presentations. To our knowledge, this is the first case series of abdominal basidiobolomycosis to be reported from Sudan.

Breaking bad news: Awareness and practice among Sudanese doctors.

Background: Breaking bad news is an important task for doctors in different specialties. The aim of the study was to assess adherence of Sudanese doctors to the SPIKES protocol in breaking bad news.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study recruited 192 doctors, at Wad Medani teaching hospital, Sudan.

Why social accountability of medical schools in Sudan can lead to better primary healthcare and excellence in medical education?

Introduction: Medical education in Sudan continues to evolve and progress with proliferation in the number of medical schools after 1990. Social factors and the geographical location of Sudan will increase the opportunity of success of medical schools to be socially accountable. In this analysis, we explained why social accountability is needed in Sudan and how this can enhance both excellence in medical education and primary health care, especially in rural areas.

Prevalence and risk factors of depressive symptoms among dialysis patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in Khartoum, Sudan: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Depression is the most common prevalent psychiatric condition among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and especially during dialysis. This study aimed to evaluate depression symptoms in Sudanese patients with end-stage renal diseases (ESRD) who undergo hemodialysis.

Methods: This is a case finding, hospital-based study recruited 75 patients on dialysis in Khartoum, Sudan.

Liver steatosis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with fibrosis are predictors of frailty in people living with HIV.

Objective: The aim was to investigate the contribution of liver steatosis and significant fibrosis alone and in association [nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with fibrosis] to frailty as a measure of biological age in people living with HIV (PLWH).

Design: This was a cross-sectional study of consecutive patients attending Modena HIV Metabolic Clinic in 2018-2019.

Methods: Patients with hazardous alcohol intake and viral hepatitis coinfection were excluded.

Effects of atazanavir, darunavir, and raltegravir on fat and muscle among persons living with HIV.

Background: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is associated with gain in of fat and muscle, but the impact on is less understood. The objective of this study was to compare fat and muscle density among people with HIV (PWH) on stable raltegravir (RAL), atazanavir with ritonavir (ATV/r), or darunavir with ritonavir (DRV/r), and explore implications on muscle function.

Methods: Participants from the Modena HIV Metabolic Clinic taking RAL, ATV/r, or DRV/r with at least 1 computed tomography (CT) scan were included.

The prevalence and risk factors for systemic hypertension among Sudanese patients with diabetes mellitus: A survey in diabetes healthcare facility.

Background And Aims: Diabetes and hypertension are common chronic diseases that affect about one fifth of Sudanese adults. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of hypertension among Sudanese individuals with diabetes.

Materials And Methods: This a survey in diabetes healthcare facility-based study that recruited 266 individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM).

Black and Minority Ethnic (BAME) Alliance Against COVID-19: One Step Forward.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the data of Department of Health in United Kingdom (UK) showed an increase mortality and morbidity among the Black and Minority Ethnic (BAME) population. This high mortality can be due to social factors, genetic and immunological factors. Metabolic factors like high prevalence of diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome and hypertension were also found to contribute to the increased risk of COVID-19 infection in BAME population.

A patient-centred approach to deprescribing antiretroviral therapy in people living with HIV.

Only a few studies have explored the benefit of deprescribing in people living with HIV (PLWH), focusing on the discontinuation of non-antiretrovirals (non-ARVs) used for HIV-associated comorbidities (co-medications), or the management of drug-drug interactions (DDIs) between ARVs or between ARVs and co-medications. The availability of modern single-tablet regimens, two-drug regimens and long-acting therapy opens a discussion regarding ARV deprescribing strategies. The objective of this article is to discuss ARV deprescribing strategies in the context of medication-related burden and patients' lived experience with medicine (PLEM) and to suggest indications for whom, when, how and why to consider these ARV options in PLWH.

Preclerkship medical students' perceptions of medical professionalism in the College of Medicine-University of Sharjah: A vision to sustain success in medical education.

Introduction: Professionalism is an essential theme in both undergraduate and postgraduate medical education. The current study aimed to assess the preclerkship medical students' perception on medical professionalism.

Methods: A cross-sectional qualitative study using the critical incident technique was conducted at the University of Sharjah in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).

Assessment of lifestyle modifications among Sudanese individuals with diabetes: The situation so far and the need to do more.

Background: Inadequate lifestyle practices among individuals with diabetes may influence the progression of diabetes and its complications. The aim of this study was to assess the lifestyle practices among individuals with diabetes in Sudan.

Methodology: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional, health facility-based study conducted in 3 diabetes centers treating individuals with diabetes.

The co-infection of Buruli ulcer and cutaneous leishmaniasis in Sudanese patient: An association by choice or by chance?

Buruli ulcer and cutaneous leishmaniasis both have the similar cutaneous clinical presentation. Therefore, relying on clinical diagnosis can be challenging. We present a case of 45 years old woman diagnosed with cutaneous leishmaniasis, confirmed by skin biopsy.

Citation classics in general medical journals: assessing the quality of evidence; a systematic review.

Aim: This review provides a comprehensive overview of more than 100 of the most cited studies in general medical journals and evaluates whether citations predict the quality of a scientific article.

Background: The number of citations is commonly used as a measure of the quality and impact of a scientific article. However, it is often criticised that the number of citations is in fact a poor indicator of the true quality, as it can be influenced by different factors such as current trends.

The Lisbon patient: exceptional longevity with HIV suggests healthy aging as an ultimate goal for HIV care.

In the context of global aging, HIV infection has become a new chronic disease and requires innovative models of care. Treating isolated comorbidities represents a useless and potentially harmful practice at advanced age. Therefore, a patient-centered approach, in which the interventions are focused on the biology and function of the individual, with understanding of the importance of securing social and home environment that provides psychosocial support, better suits unmet health needs.

The prevalence of diabetes and metabolic syndrome and associated risk factors in Sudanese individuals with gallstones: a cross sectional survey.

Background: The gallstones are common health problem across the world with huge financial burden on health authorities. Obesity and insulin resistance are associated with risk of gallstones disease (GSD). The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and diabetes and associated risk factors in Sudanese patients with gallstones.

The prevalence and risk factors of stroke among Sudanese individuals with diabetes: Cross-sectional survey.

Introduction: Diabetes complications in Sudan were increasing at an alarming rate. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of stroke among Sudanese individuals with diabetes.

Methodology: This cross-sectional study recruited 283 individuals with diabetes from three diabetes centers in Sudan.

An outbreak of measles in gold miners in River Nile State, Sudan, 2011.

Background: Despite the wide use of vaccination, measles outbreaks still occur.

Aims: This study assessed cases notified during a measles outbreak in northern Sudan in 2011 and the response of the health authorities to contain the outbreak.

Methods: The records of all measles cases reported to the River Nile State health ministry in 2011 from the Abu Hamad locality, a gold-mining area, were reviewed together with the actions of the health authorities at the time of the outbreak.

Fluoride-based molecular imaging of coronary atherosclerosis in HIV infected patients.

Background And Aims: Molecular imaging with Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and F-sodium-fluoride (NaF) captures arterial inflammation and micro-calcification and can reveal potentially unstable atherosclerotic plaques.

Methods: We performed FDG and NaF PET/CT imaging in two clinically similar cohorts of patients living with HIV (PLWH) with no symptomatic cardiovascular disease. The prevalence and intensity of coronary artery uptake of each tracer, measured as target-to-background ratio (TBR), were assessed in patients at low and high cardiovascular risk.

Final year dental students' perception and practice of professionalism and ethical attitude in ten Sudanese dental schools: A cross-sectional survey.

Introduction: Professionalism and ethics are essential components of all dental schools. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the level of professionalism among Sudanese undergraduate dental students.

Materials And Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 307 students in the final year undergraduate Dental Surgery Bachelor program with 155 public and 152 private university students.

Sex Differences in People Aging With HIV.

Background: To evaluate differences between older women and men with HIV regarding HIV variables, comorbidity, physical function, and quality of life (QOL).

Setting: The Modena HIV clinic.

Methods: Prospective cohort study.