Implementing Early Rehabilitation Strategies for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Patients Undergoing Mechanical Ventilation in the Intensive Care Unit.

Background: Patients afflicted with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) frequently manifest acute respiratory failure (ARF), characterized by hypercapnia, hypoxia, malnutrition, muscle weakness, heightened work of breathing (WOB), recurrent acute exacerbations, reliance on mechanical ventilation (MV), and difficulties in the weaning phase. Early implementation of rehabilitation interventions holds promise in mitigating prolonged MV and, consequently, reducing intensive care unit (ICU) morbidity and mortality.

Methodology: A prospective study was undertaken involving COPD type 2 respiratory failure patients receiving MV in an ICU setting.

Insights into the Novel Biomarkers Expressed in Diabetic Nephropathy: Potential Clinical Applications.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is increasing worldwide in parallel with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Identifying diagnostic biomarkers for DN at an early stage is crucial due to the considerable societal and economic burden associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) and its risk factors. In the past, early indicators of microvascular problems, such as microalbuminuria (MA), have been used to predict the possibility of developing advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD).

The Correlation Between Neutrophil Elastase and Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio in Endothelial Dysfunction of Preeclampsia.

Background: Preeclampsia (PE) is a serious inflammatory process that is unique to pregnancy, occurring at or after the 20th week of pregnancy, and leading to maternal and neonatal illness and systemic disruptions. Placental hypoxia leads to increased levels of cytokines and inflammatory syncytiotrophoblast microvillus membrane microparticles (STBM) which activates neutrophils leading to oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in preeclampsia. The mechanisms that cause PE in people remain unknown.

Navigating the landscape of HPV-associated cancers: From epidemiology to prevention.

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a widespread infection associated with various cancers, including cervical, oropharyngeal, anal, and genital cancers. This infection contributes to 5 % of global cancer cases annually, affecting approximately 625,600 women and 69,400 men. Cervical cancer remains the most prevalent HPV-linked cancer among females, with the highest incidence seen in low and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Dysgerminoma with Syncytiotrophoblastic Giant Cells Associated with a Concurrent Ectopic Pregnancy.

Background: Dysgerminomas constitute around 1-2% of all germ cell tumours. It is very very rare to have dysgerminoma with concurrent pregnancy with an incidence of 0.2-1 per 100,000 pregnancies.

Investigating the FLiRT variants of COVID-19: Is it an emerging concern?

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to multiple waves of infections globally. As the virus continues to evolve, new variants have emerged, some with concerning changes in transmissibility and virulence. Among these variants, the "FLiRT Variants" have recently gained attention due to their potential to alter the dynamics of transmission and disease severity.

96well-formatted CrfA assay for differentiation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Non-tuberculous mycobacteria.

Failure in recognizing non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) leads to misdiagnosis of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex (MTBC). There is an unmet need for diagnostic tools that can differentiate between NTMs and MTBC, and that are affordable for Low- and Middle-income Countries (LMIC). Earlier we developed a strip-based CrfA assay technology to detect the Carbapenem Resistance Factor A (CrfA) enzyme present only in MTBC.

S-Nitrosoglutathione Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Improves Retention Memory Dysfunctions in Intra-Cerebroventricular-Streptozotocin Rat Model of Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease via Activation of BDNF and Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor-2 Antioxidant Signaling Pathway.

Introduction: The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and transcription nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (NRF-2) play an important role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the interactive involvement of BDNF and NRF-2 in respect to antioxidant mechanisms in different parts of the AD brain is still unclear. Considering the above condition, used S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) to examine whether it modulates the BDNF and NRF-2 levels to activate signaling pathway to promote antioxidant levels in AD brains.

Glycemic Variability and Its Correlation with Large for Gestation-age Babies in Gestational Diabetic Pregnancies.

Background: Although glycemic variability (GV) has been shown to be associated with endothelial dysfunction in diabetes mellitus (DM), there is a dearth of literature on its correlation in gestational diabetic pregnancies.

Aim: To compare GV and 24-hour ambulatory glucose profile (AGP) in gestational diabetic pregnancies with and without large for gestation-age (LGA) babies.

Materials And Methods: It was a cross-sectional observational study.

Predicting the bioactive compounds of and elucidating its interaction with genes associated to obesity through network pharmacology and cell-based assay.

Mushrooms are traditionally used for various medicinal purposes in traditional oriental medicine. The Japanese and Chinese are familiar with the medicinal macro fungus ( mushroom). This study aims to evaluate the role of chemical compounds from using network pharmacology and studies for management of Obesity.

QbD-Assisted Development and Optimization of Doxycycline Hyclate- and Hydroxyapatite-Loaded Nanoparticles for Periodontal Delivery.

The current research aims to develop a carrier system for the delivery of a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor along with a bioceramic agent to the periodontal pocket. It is proposed that the present system, if given along with a systemic antibiotic, would be a fruitful approach for periodontitis amelioration. To fulfill the aforementioned objective, a doxycycline hyclate- and hydroxyapatite-adsorbed composite was prepared by a physical adsorption method and successfully loaded inside sodium alginate-chitosan nanoparticles and optimized based on particle size and drug content.

Modulation by of stress-induced anxiogenesis and airway inflammation in rats.

Objectives: Stress is an aversive stimulus which disrupts the biological milieu of the organism and a variety of emotional and environmental stressors are known to influence allergic and immunological disorders like bronchial asthma but the pharmacological basis of such interactions is not clearly defined. (ashwagandha) is a potent anti-stress agent used widely in Indian traditional medicine and the present experimental study evaluated the effects of extract (WSE) on chronic stress-induced neurobehavioral and immunological responses in an experimental model of allergic asthma in rats.

Methods: Wistar rats (200-250 g) were immunized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) and exposed to restraint stress (RS) and WSE treatments for 15 days.

Spindle cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma: A diagnostic challenge - A rare case report with brief review of literature.

Objective: Primary Spindle cell tumors of the thyroid are very rare and comprise a myriad of differential diagnoses ranging from reactive proliferations to neoplastic processes. Differentiation amongst these rare entities is of utmost importance as it defines the prognosis and also guides future therapy.

Case Report: Hereby, we present a rare case of spindle cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma in a sixty-four-year-old female which posed a diagnostic challenge on histology.

A prospective study on the effectiveness of a combination regime (Mifepristone and Misoprostol) in comparison with Misoprostol for missed abortion.

Introduction: Misoprostol is widely used in the medical management of missed abortions. However, pretreatment with Mifepristone has shown to be effective but still not recommended to be used in missed abortions.

Aims And Objectives: To compare the outcome of medically managed missed abortion or blighted ovum using combination regime (Mifepristone and Misoprostol) vs Misoprostol alone.

Medial swivel dislocation of talonavicular joint: a case report and literature review.

Midtarsal dislocations of the foot are rare injuries. Most descriptions of these injuries state that they develop due to high-energy trauma. We present a case of low-energy trauma leading to a medial swivel dislocation of the talonavicular joint, which was reduced by a closed method and immobilized in a cast.

Clinical evaluation of a topical Unani pharmacopoeial formulation in the management of melasma (): A randomized controlled clinical trial.

Objective: Melasma is a chronic, acquired, symmetrical hyper melanosis of skin, characterized by irregular light to dark brown patches on sun-exposed areas, with a significant effect on psychological health; melasma is termed as in Unani medicine. Conventional treatments have transitory results and often carry adverse effects like skin irritation, scarring, etc. This study was planned to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a pharmacopoeial formulation comprising of lentil (), bitter almond (), and fig (), and to compare its efficacy with standard drug hydroquinone in patients of melasma.

A strip-based assay for detection of CrfA enzyme activity to differentiate Mycobacterium tuberculosis and non-tuberculous mycobacteria.

There is an unmet need for tools that permit diagnosis of Tuberculosis (TB) that are affordable, low-tech, and can differentiate Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) from non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). In this study, we have developed a strip-based assay to detect the activity of a unique Carbapenem Resistance Factor A (CrfA) enzyme present only in M.

Modulation of Immunological, Biochemical, and Histopathological Changes of Airway Remodeling by in an Experimental Model of Allergic Asthma in Rats.

Objectives: Airway remodeling in asthma involves chronic inflammation associated with structural changes, which result in severe airflow limitation and very few therapeutic options. Thus, the present study was designed to experimentally evaluate the ameliorative effects of (WS) root extract against Ovalbumin (OVA)-induced airway remodeling in a rat model of asthma.

Methods: Wistar rats were immunized (i.

Comparison of Feto-maternal Outcomes Among Various BMI Groups As Per Asia Pacific Standards: An Observational Retrospective Comparative Study in a Private Tertiary Care Center in Delhi.

Objective: To compare the feto-maternal outcomes among various BMI groups as per Asia Pacific Standards.

Method: This is a retrospective non-interventional observational study on 1396 antenatal women with singleton pregnancy. Their BMI based on pre-pregnancy weight was calculated and the women were divided into various groups as per Asia Pacific standards for BMI classification.