Ligand-Induced Activation of Single-Atom Palladium Heterogeneous Catalysts for Cross-Coupling Reactions.

Single-atom heterogeneous catalysts (SACs) are potential, recoverable alternatives to soluble organometallic complexes for cross-coupling reactions in fine-chemical synthesis. When developing SACs for these applications, it is often expected that the need for ligands, which are essential for organometallic catalysts, can be bypassed. Contrary to that, ligands remain almost always required for palladium atoms stabilized on commonly used functionalized carbon and carbon nitride supports, as the catalysts otherwise show limited activity.

Association between the EAT-Lancet Diet, Incidence of Cardiovascular Events, and All-cause Mortality: Results from a Swiss Cohort.

Background: An unhealthy diet is a major contributor to several noncommunicable diseases, including cardiovascular diseases (CVD), the leading cause of death worldwide. Additionally, our food system has significant impacts on the environment. The EAT-Lancet Commission has recommended a healthy diet that preserves global environmental resources.

Automatic detection and multi-component segmentation of brain metastases in longitudinal MRI.

Manual segmentation of lesions, required for radiotherapy planning and follow-up, is time-consuming and error-prone. Automatic detection and segmentation can assist radiologists in these tasks. This work explores the automated detection and segmentation of brain metastases (BMs) in longitudinal MRIs.

- a large-scale dataset of 3D medical shapes for computer vision.

Objectives: The shape is commonly used to describe the objects. State-of-the-art algorithms in medical imaging are predominantly diverging from computer vision, where voxel grids, meshes, point clouds, and implicit surface models are used. This is seen from the growing popularity of ShapeNet (51,300 models) and Princeton ModelNet (127,915 models).

Adults living with dementia and chronic wounds, wound types, care challenges, and impact across dementia stages: A scoping review protocol.

Objective: The objective of this scoping review is to map the existing evidence on the epidemiology, care challenges, and impacts of various wound types among individuals living with dementia across different stages of the disease.

Introduction: Dementia is a growing global health concern, projected to rise significantly as the population ages. This condition not only affects cognitive function but also increases the risk of chronic wounds in part due to impairments in mobility, self-care, and communication.

Gender and geographical bias in the editorial decision-making process of biomedical journals: a case-control study.

Objectives: To assess whether the gender (primary) and geographical affiliation (post-hoc) of the first and/or last authors are associated with publication decisions after peer review.

Design: Case-control study.

Setting: Biomedical journals.

The relationship between muscle mass changes and protein or energy intake in critically ill children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Survivorship after pediatric critical illness is high in developed countries, but many suffer physical morbidities afterwards. The increasing focus on follow-up after critical illness has led to more pediatric studies reporting muscle mass changes (using ultrasound), albeit with different results. A systematic literature review was undertaken examining muscle mass changes, assessed by ultrasound of the quadriceps femoris muscle in children who are critically ill.

Early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment using MRI analysis and machine learning algorithms.

Unlabelled: Early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is crucial to prevent their progression. In this study, we proposed the analysis of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based on features including; hippocampus (HC) area size, HC grayscale statistics and texture features (mean, standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis, contrast, correlation, energy, homogeneity, entropy), lateral ventricle (LV) area size, gray matter area size, white matter area size, cerebrospinal fluid area size, patient age, weight, and cognitive score. Five machine learning classifiers; K-nearest neighborhood (KNN), support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), decision tree (DT), and multi-layer perception (MLP) were used to distinguish between groups: cognitively normal (CN) vs AD, early MCI (EMCI) vs late MCI (LMCI), CN vs EMCI, CN vs LMCI, AD vs EMCI, and AD vs LMCI.

Acquisition of musical skills and abilities in older adults-results of 12 months of music training.

Background: Older adults can acquire new skills across different domains. Practicing a musical instrument has been identified as a promising activity for improving cognition, promoting well-being, and inducing brain plasticity in older individuals. However, the mechanisms of these changes are still poorly understood.

The extended and advanced clinical practices of radiographers worldwide: A scoping review.

Aims: This scoping review aimed to (1) map the global evidence on extended and advanced clinical practices (ACP) performed by radiographers, and (2) provide an overview of the pillars (clinical practice, leadership and management, education, and research) they relate to, as well as the radiology areas and the geographical location where they were developed.

Methods: Articles were searched in MEDLINE, CINAHL and Embase, and grey literature in ProQuest Dissertation and Theses. Studies concerning radiographers or healthcare professionals with an equivalent title (e.

Erratum to "Detection of Patients at Risk of Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Infection Using Graph Neural Networks: A Retrospective Study".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.34133/hds.0099.

Validity of Linear and Nonlinear Measures of Gait Variability to Characterize Aging Gait with a Single Lower Back Accelerometer.

The attractor complexity index (ACI) is a recently developed gait analysis tool based on nonlinear dynamics. This study assesses ACI's sensitivity to attentional demands in gait control and its potential for characterizing age-related changes in gait patterns. Furthermore, we compare ACI with classical gait metrics to determine its efficacy relative to established methods.

Effects of a 1-year piano intervention on cognitive flexibility in older adults.

We analyzed the data of a randomized controlled trial to examine the effects of piano practice on cognitive flexibility in healthy older adults. Participants ( = 153, 69.5 ± 3.

Large-scale georeferenced neuroimaging and psychometry data link the urban environmental exposome with brain health.

In face of cumulating evidence about the impact of human-induced environmental changes on mental health and behavior, our understanding of the main effects and interactions between environmental factors - i.e., the exposome and the brain - is still limited.

Future time perspectives and concerns among adolescents in 2022.

Future time perspectives (FTP) and future-related concerns in adolescence remain underexplored. We aimed to identify factors associated with limited FTP and describe future-related concerns. Data were drawn from a population-based sample of adolescents aged 14-17 participating in the SEROCoV-KIDS cohort study, in Geneva, Switzerland (October 2022).

DOME Registry: implementing community-wide recommendations for reporting supervised machine learning in biology.

Supervised machine learning (ML) is used extensively in biology and deserves closer scrutiny. The Data Optimization Model Evaluation (DOME) recommendations aim to enhance the validation and reproducibility of ML research by establishing standards for key aspects such as data handling and processing, optimization, evaluation, and model interpretability. The recommendations help to ensure that key details are reported transparently by providing a structured set of questions.

Diagnosis and treatment of occupational burnout in the Swiss outpatient sector: A national survey of healthcare professionals' attributes and attitudes.

We aimed to describe the attributes and attitudes of Swiss health professionals who treat persons with occupational burnout (POB) in the outpatient sector and explore associated determinants. The study design was descriptive cross-sectional survey, distributed to the 16,883 general practitioners (GP), psychiatrist-psychotherapists (PP), occupational physicians (OP) and psychologists registered in the Swiss Medical Association, the Swiss Federation of Psychologists, and other specialized associations. Using an online questionnaire, we identified professionals who consult and treat POB, their attributes, volume of POB consultations, diagnostics and treatment modalities and outcomes (OB severity, average proportion of POB who returned to work and who relapsed).

Internal consistency of the Mental Health Professional Culture Inventory: A pilot study in Romanian population.

The objective of this study (registered under number 2020 006) was to assess the internal consistency of the revised Mental Health Professional Culture Inventory (MHPCI) scale, which comprises 15 items, among mental health service workers in Romania. To examine the psychometric properties of the MHPCI questionnaire within the Romanian population, we employed two main methods: The partial credit model (PCM) and Exploratory factor analysis (EFA). A total of 94 individuals were interviewed, and among them, 71 provided complete responses to the questionnaire.

Biodegradation and mechanical performance of Silane-chitosan-graphene oxide composite coating on AZ31 magnesium alloys for biomedical applications.

Biodegradable magnesium alloy medical implants have attracted considerable interest thanks to their remarkable biocompatibility and mechanical properties. However, the rapid corrosion rate of magnesium alloys in physiological environments presents a major challenge to their practical application. Therefore, this study attempted to design a silane/chitosan /graphene oxide composite coating that reduces the corrosion and enhances the biodegradation of magnesium alloys used in temporary implants.

Time constraints and workload in the computed tomography department.

Introduction: The escalating use of Computed Tomography (CT) has promoted higher radiographer workload, which can contribute to an increase of risks such as stress, job dissatisfaction, and potential health and safety issues. This study aimed to assess the impact of organizational, spatial, and temporal factors on procedures and workload in a CT unit, emphasizing patient safety and radiographer well-being. Addressing time pressure and optimizing workplace ergonomics are crucial in maintaining a balance between efficiency and quality, ensuring safe practices in modern medical imaging units.

Comprehensive analysis of total knee arthroplasty kinematics and functional recovery: Exploring full-body gait deviations in patients with knee osteoarthritis.

Total Knee Arthroplasty has well-established success in relieving knee pain and improving function but patients do not reach functional levels of control groups after surgery and 20% of patients remain unsatisfied. To understand the different patient profiles and develop patient-specific approaches of care, functional phenotypes based on knee biomechanics during gait have been evaluated. To widen the understanding of patient's function, it seems crucial to consider the gait devieations at the whole body level.