251 results match your criteria: "HARVARD T.H. CHAN SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH BOSTON[Affiliation]"

Introduction: : Few large, randomized trials have evaluated marine n-3 supplements and cognition in healthy older adults.

Methods: : Healthy community-dwelling participants aged 60+ years (mean [standard deviation] = 70.9 [5.

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HEARTS in the Americas is the regional adaptation of the World Health Organization's Global Hearts Initiative, which will be the model for risk management for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in primary health care in the Region of the Americas by 2025. It has already been implemented in 21 countries and 1045 primary health care centers throughout Latin America and the Caribbean. It takes a public health and health systems approach to systematically introduce simplified interventions at the primary health care level and focuses on hypertension as a clinical entry point.

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Background Epidemiologic studies on the relationship between avocado intake and long-term cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk are lacking. Methods and Results This study included 68 786 women from the NHS (Nurses' Health Study) and 41 701 men from the HPFS (Health Professionals Follow-up Study; 1986-2016) who were free of cancer, coronary heart disease, and stroke at baseline. Diet was assessed using validated food frequency questionnaires at baseline and then every 4 years.

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Introduction: Blood metabolomics-based biomarkers may be useful to predict measures of neurocognitive aging.

Methods: We tested the association between 707 blood metabolites measured in 1451 participants from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL), with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and global cognitive change assessed 7 years later. We further used Lasso penalized regression to construct a metabolomics risk score (MRS) that predicts MCI, potentially identifying a different set of metabolites than those discovered in individual-metabolite analysis.

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Background Hypertension is a prevalent condition in women and an important modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Despite women's experiences of sexual violence being common, no prospective studies have examined lifetime sexual assault and workplace sexual harassment in relationship to hypertension in large civilian samples with extended follow-up. Here, we examined whether these experiences were prospectively associated with greater risk of developing hypertension over 7 years.

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Background We aimed to investigate novel grayscale ultrasound characteristics of the carotid and brachial arteries in people with HIV infection before and after starting initial antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods and Results We performed grayscale ultrasound image analyses of the common carotid artery (CCA) and brachial artery before and after receipt of 1 of 3 randomly allocated ART regimens. We measured arterial wall echogenicity (grayscale median), contrast (gray-level difference statistic method), and entropy.

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Introduction: Engagement in cognitively stimulating work and activities may slow cognitive decline and dementia. We examined the individual and combined associations of four cognitive engagement indices (educational attainment, occupational complexity, social engagement, and cognitively stimulating leisure activities) with objective and subjective cognition.

Methods: Middle-aged adults (n = 1864) enrolled in the Healthy Brain Project completed the Cogstate Brief Battery, the Cognitive Function Instrument, and self-report questionnaires of cognitive engagement.

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[Not Available].

Salud Publica Mex

November 2021

Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública. Cuernavaca, Morelos, México. / Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. Boston, Estados Unidos..

Objetivo. Estimar la seroprevalencia de SARS-CoV-2 en población de edad escolar en México. Material y métodos.

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Background Anxiety is linked to elevated risk of cardiometabolic disease onset, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We examined the prospective association of 2 anxiety facets, neuroticism and worry, with cardiometabolic risk (CMR) trajectories for 4 decades. Methods and Results The sample comprised 1561 men from an ongoing adult male cohort.

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Background Women with a history of obstetric complications are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease, but whether they should be specifically targeted for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk screening is unknown. Methods and Results We used linked data from the Norwegian HUNT (Trøndelag Health) Study and the Medical Birth Registry of Norway to create a population-based, prospective cohort of parous women. Using an established CVD risk prediction model (A Norwegian risk model for cardiovascular disease), we predicted 10-year risk of CVD (nonfatal myocardial infarction, fatal coronary heart disease, and nonfatal or fatal stroke) based on established risk factors (age, systolic blood pressure, total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, smoking, antihypertensive use, and family history of myocardial infarction).

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We quantified the impacts of wildfire-related PM on 2 million hospital admissions records due to cardiorespiratory diseases in Brazil between 2008 and 2018. The national analysis shows that wildfire waves are associated with an increase of 23% (95%CI: 12%-33%) in respiratory hospital admissions and an increase of 21% (95%CI: 8%-35%) in circulatory hospital admissions. In the North (where most of the Amazon region is located), we estimate an increase of 38% (95%CI: 30%-47%) in respiratory hospital admissions and 27% (95%CI: 15%-39%) in circulatory hospital admissions.

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Background Variation exists in outcomes following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), but whether racial and ethnic disparities exist in post-arrest provision of targeted temperature management (TTM) is unknown. Methods and Results We performed a retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected cohort of patients who survived to admission following OHCA from the Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival, whose catchment area represents ~50% of the United States from 2013-2019. Our primary exposure was race/ethnicity and primary outcome was utilization of TTM.

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Background Since solar activity and related geomagnetic disturbances modulate autonomic nervous system activity, we hypothesized that these events would be associated with blood pressure (BP). Methods and Results We studied 675 elderly men from the Normative Aging Study (Boston, MA) with 1949 BP measurements between 2000 and 2017. Mixed-effects regression models were used to investigate the association of average 1-day (ie, day of BP measurement) to 28-day interplanetary magnetic field intensity, sunspot number, and a dichotomized measure of global geomagnetic activity (K index) in 4-day increments with diastolic and systolic BP.

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Introduction: This study describes practices for disclosing individual research results to participants in Alzheimer's disease research.

Methods: An online survey of clinical core leaders at National Institutes of Health-funded Alzheimer's Disease Research Centers in the United States (response rate: 30/31, 97%) examined return of results practices across nine different types of research results.

Results: Most centers had returned consensus research diagnoses (83%) and neuropsychological test results (73%), with fewer having shared amyloid positron emission tomography (43%), tau imaging (10%), or apolipoprotein E () genotype (7%) results.

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Background We examined the association of long-term exposure to air pollution and road traffic noise with incident heart failure (HF). Methods And Results Using data on female nurses from the Danish Nurse Cohort (aged >44 years), we investigated associations between 3-year mean exposures to air pollution and road traffic noise and incident HF using Cox regression models, adjusting for relevant confounders. Incidence of HF was defined as the first hospital contact (inpatient, outpatient, or emergency) between cohort baseline (1993 or 1999) and December 31, 2014, based on the Danish National Patient Register.

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Importance: Dental coverage for adults is a state option in Medicaid, and despite significant gains in coverage after the Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act (ACA), dental outcomes among adults in expansion states remain unexplored.

Objective: To explore the association of state coverage of dental benefits through Medicaid expansion with clinical dental outcomes.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2009 to 2018.

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There have been consistent efforts to assess treatment effect heterogeneity (TEH) of Head Start using the data from the Head Start Impact Study (HSIS), a randomized controlled trial of a federally funded child development program for a nationally representative sample of low-income parents and their 3- and 4-year-old children in the United States. Including 28 studies on TEH of Head Start, this review found that multiple high-risk subgroups (e.g.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study explores the relationship between air pollution and Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers in cognitively healthy adults at risk for AD.
  • Findings indicate that higher exposure to nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter correlates with increased brain amyloid deposition and elevated levels of neurofilament light in cerebrospinal fluid, particularly in individuals with Aβ positivity.
  • Although the APOE-ε4 genotype did not significantly alter these associations, its presence intensified the link between air pollution and neurofilament light levels, highlighting the potential impact of environmental factors on AD pathology.
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Introduction: Plant-based diets rich in fruits and vegetables have been associated with lower risk of dementia, but the specific role of antioxidants, a key class of bioactive phytochemicals, has not been well ascertained.

Methods: We measured antioxidants in a case-cohort study nested within the Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory Study. We included 996 randomly selected participants and 521 participants who developed dementia, of which 351 were diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD) during a median of 5.

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Background Transition from () and ( and ) for hospital discharge data was mandated for US hospitals on October 1, 2015. We examined the volume of patients receiving thrombolysis in ischemic stroke (IS) identified using codes within this transition period in the 2015 to 2016 National Inpatient Sample, a weighted 20% sample of all inpatient US hospital discharges. Methods and Results During the period, 2 case identification strategies were used.

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Background The plant-based Dietary Portfolio combines established cholesterol-lowering foods (plant protein, nuts, viscous fiber, and phytosterols), plus monounsaturated fat, and has been shown to improve low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and other cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. No studies have evaluated the relation of the Dietary Portfolio with incident CVD events. Methods and Results We followed 123 330 postmenopausal women initially free of CVD in the Women's Health Initiative from 1993 through 2017.

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Background: The prevalence of cigarette smoking continues to be a major public health problem In the United Arab Emirates (UAE); the government has recently implemented policies to reduce smoking prevalence. Innovative strategies to support cessation are needed. Community pharmacies are vital venues to extend the reach and effectiveness of smoking cessation support.

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Introduction: Urban environmental exposures might contribute to the incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our aim was to identify structural brain imaging correlates of urban environmental exposures in cognitively unimpaired individuals at increased risk of AD.

Methods: Two hundred twelve participants with brain scans and residing in Barcelona, Spain, were included.

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