Addressing vaccine hesitancy: experimental evidence from nine high-income countries during the COVID-19 pandemic.

We study the impact of public health messages on intentions to vaccinate and vaccination uptakes, especially among hesitant groups. We performed an experiment comparing the effects of egoistic and altruistic messages on COVID-19 vaccine intentions and behaviour. We administered different messages at random in a survey of 6379 adults in December 2020, following up with participants in the nationally representative survey Citizens' Attitudes Under COVID-19 Project covering nine high-income countries (Australia, Austria, France, Germany, Italy, New Zealand, Sweden, the UK and the USA).

Engaging Stakeholder Advisors Around Health-Related Social Needs Research, Policy, and Practice Priorities.

As health care systems invest significant resources to address social needs associated with poor health such as food, financial, and housing insecurity, many eligible patients are still not obtaining the resources they need. The recently initiated PURPLE Project (Promoting Understanding in Social Needs Research Projects by Listening and Engaging) engages stakeholder advisors to help address 2 challenges: (1) many patients do not accept offered assistance, and (2) of patients who accept assistance, less than half have their needs addressed. This article presents the team's engagement with local advisors, garnering real-life insights from patients with social needs, staff and leadership in public health, health care, and community service organizations.

The Intergroup Value Protection Model: A Theoretically Integrative and Dynamic Approach to Intergroup Conflict Escalation in Democratic Societies.

Scientific Abstract: We review social-psychological evidence for a theoretically integrative and dynamic model of intergroup conflict escalation within democratic societies. Viewing individuals as social regulators who protect their social embeddedness (e.g.

A Cost Model for a Low-Threshold Clinic Treating Opioid Use Disorder.

The US fee-for-service payment system under-reimburses clinics offering access to comprehensive treatments for opioid use disorder (OUD). The funding shortfall limits a clinic's ability to expand and improve access, especially for socially marginalized patients with OUD. New payment models, however, should reflect the high variation in cost for using a clinic's clinical and voluntary psychosocial and recovery support services.

The association between care integration and care quality.

Objective: The study aims to analyze the relationship between care integration and care quality, and to examine if the relationship varies by patient risk.

Data Sources And Study Setting: The key independent variables used validated measures derived from a provider survey of functional (i.e.

The fragility of artists' reputations from 1795 to 2020.

This study explores the longevity of artistic reputation. We empirically examine whether artists are more- or less-venerated after their death. We construct a massive historical corpus spanning 1795 to 2020 and build separate word-embedding models for each five-year period to examine how the reputations of over 3,300 famous artists-including painters, architects, composers, musicians, and writers-evolve after their death.

Phenotypes of undiagnosed adults with actionable and variants.

Inherited metabolic disorders (IMDs) are variably expressive, complicating identification of affected individuals. A genotype-first approach can identify individuals at risk for morbidity and mortality from undiagnosed IMDs and can lead to protocols that improve clinical detection, counseling, and management. Using data from 57,340 participants in two hospital biobanks, we assessed the frequency and phenotypes of individuals with pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants (PLPVs) in two IMD genes: , associated with Fabry disease, and , associated with ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency.

The Dynamics of Team Learning: Harmony and Rhythm in Teamwork Arrangements for Innovation.

Innovation teams must navigate inherent tensions between different learning activities to produce high levels of performance. Yet, we know little about how teams combine these activities-notably reflexive, experimental, vicarious, and contextual learning-most effectively over time. In this article, we integrate research on teamwork episodes with insights from music theory to develop a new theoretical perspective on team dynamics, which explains how team activities can produce harmony, dissonance, or rhythm in teamwork arrangements that lead to either positive or negative effects on overall performance.

Signet-Ring Cell/Histiocytoid Carcinoma: Report of Two Cases and Systematic Review of the Literature on the Epidemiology, Clinical Characteristics, and Pathological and Molecular Findings.

Signet-ring cell/histiocytoid carcinoma (SRCHC) is a rare appendageal tumor, mainly considering eyelids, more rarely axillae. This article describes 2 novel SRCHC cases of 71- and 66-year-old men and systematically reviews the literature on SRCHC. Of all cases reported in the literature, 73 (91.

Building the Business Case for an Inclusive Approach to Digital Health Measurement With a Web App (Market Opportunity Calculator): Instrument Development Study.

Background: The use of digital health measurement tools has grown substantially in recent years. However, there are concerns that the promised benefits from these products will not be shared equitably. Underserved populations, such as those with lower education and income, racial and ethnic minorities, and those with disabilities, may find such tools poorly suited for their needs.

What Makes Groups Emotional?

When people experience emotions in a group, their emotions tend to have stronger intensity and to last longer. Why is that? This question has occupied thinkers throughout history, and with the use of digital media it is even more pressing today. Historically, attention has mainly focused on processes driven by the way emotions are shared between people via emotional interactions.

Evidence from the first Shared Medical Appointments (SMAs) randomised controlled trial in India: SMAs increase the satisfaction, knowledge, and medication compliance of patients with glaucoma.

In Shared Medical Appointments (SMAs), patients with similar conditions meet the physician together and each receives one-on-one attention. SMAs can improve outcomes and physician productivity. Yet privacy concerns have stymied adoption.

A pull versus push framework for reputation.

Reputation is a powerful driver of human behavior. Reputation systems incentivize 'actors' to take reputation-enhancing actions, and 'evaluators' to reward actors with positive reputations by preferentially cooperating with them. This article proposes a reputation framework that centers the perspective of evaluators by suggesting that reputation systems can create two fundamentally different incentives for evaluators to reward positive reputations.

Negative expressions are shared more on Twitter for public figures than for ordinary users.

Social media users tend to produce content that contains more positive than negative emotional language. However, negative emotional language is more likely to be shared. To understand why, research has thus far focused on psychological processes associated with tweets' content.

How reputation does (and does not) drive people to punish without looking.

Punishing wrongdoers can confer reputational benefits, and people sometimes punish without careful consideration. But are these observations related? Does reputation drive people to people to "punish without looking"? And if so, is this because punishment looks particularly virtuous? To investigate, we assigned "Actors" to decide whether to sign punitive petitions about politicized issues ("punishment"), after first deciding whether to read articles opposing these petitions ("looking"). To manipulate reputation, we matched Actors with copartisan "Evaluators," varying whether Evaluators observed i) nothing about Actors' behavior, ii) whether Actors punished, or iii) whether Actors punished and whether they looked.

Time and Punishment: Time Delays Exacerbate the Severity of Third-Party Punishment.

Punishments are not always administered immediately after a crime is committed. Although scholars and researchers claim that third parties should normatively enact punishments proportionate to a given crime, we contend that third parties punish transgressors more severely when there is a time delay between a transgressor's crime and when they face punishment for it. We theorize that this occurs because of a perception of unfairness, whereby third parties view the process that led to time delays as unfair.

Tobacco products and electronic cigarettes' legislation violations - observational study in 31 European countries, 2005-2022.

Background: European Union (EU) law regulates the manufacture, presentation, and sale of tobacco and related products in all member states. This study examined whether legislation non-compliant tobacco products and electronic cigarettes were available for sale in the European market.

Methods: We queried the EU Rapid Information System for dangerous non-food products, covering 28 current and former EU member states and 3 associated countries, also known as Rapex, for non-compliant tobacco and related products reported between 2005 and 2022.

Audit, Feedback, and Education to Improve Quality and Outcomes in Transurethral Resection and Single-Instillation Intravesical Chemotherapy for Nonmuscle Invasive Bladder Cancer Treatment: Protocol for a Multicenter International Observational Study With an Embedded Cluster Randomized Trial.

Background: Nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) accounts for 75% of bladder cancers. It is common and costly. Cost and detriment to patient outcomes and quality of life are driven by high recurrence rates and the need for regular invasive surveillance and repeat treatments.

Cost communication in cosmetic and reconstructive breast surgery: Public perceptions in the United States.

Background: There is a need to better understand the financial toxicity of surgery on patients. Recent data demonstrated that plastic surgeons seldom discuss out-of-pocket costs with patients. Not much is known regarding the public perceptions of out-of-pocket cost communication in reconstructive and cosmetic breast surgery.

Building resilient partnerships: How businesses and nonprofits create the capacity for responsiveness.

Increasingly, businesses are eager to partner with nonprofit organizations to benefit their communities. In spite of good intentions, differences between nonprofit and business organizations can limit the ability of potential partnerships to respond to a changing economic and public health landscape. Using a retrospective, multiple-case study, we sought to investigate the managerial behaviors that enabled businesses and nonprofits to be themselves in sustainable partnerships.

Designing a public access naloxone program for public transportation stations.

The opioid overdose epidemic has caused over 600,000 deaths in the U.S. since 1999.

Data visualization explorer: A tool for participant representation in pivotal trials of FDA-approved medicinal products.

This paper presents a 2015-2021 US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Drug Trials Snapshots (DTS) Data Visualization Explorer-an interactive data visualization web-based tool (https://arielcarmeli.shinyapps.io/fda-drug-trial-snapshots-data-explorer) built in R and based on publicly available FDA clinical trial participation data and disease incidence data from the National Cancer Institute and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.