Perceptions of prior authorization burden and solutions.

The prior authorization (PA) process consumes time and money on the part of patients, providers, and payers. While some research shows substantial possible savings in the PA process, identifying what different groups can do is not as well known. Thus, organizations have struggled to capture this opportunity.

The challenges of regulatory pluralism.

Countries with small and/or less-resourced regulatory authorities that operate outside of a larger medical product regulatory system face a regulatory strategy dilemma. These countries may rely on foreign well-resourced regulators by recognising the regulatory decisions of large systems and following suit (regulatory reliance); alternatively, such countries may extend formal decision recognition to regulators in multiple other jurisdictions with similar oversight and public health goals, following a system which we call regulatory pluralism. In this policy comment, we discuss three potential limitations to regulatory pluralism: (i) regulatory escape, in which manufacturers exploit regulatory variation and choose the lowest regulatory threshold for their product; (ii) increased fragmentation and complexity for countries adopting this approach, which may, in turn, lead to inconsistent processes; and (iii) loss of international bargaining power in developing regulatory policies.

Selective insensitivity to income held by the richest.

The misperception of income inequality is often touted as a critical barrier to more widespread support of redistributive policies. Here, we examine to what extent and why (mis)perceptions vary systematically across the income distribution. Drawing on data from four studies ( = 2,744)-including a representative sample and preregistered incentive-compatible experiments-we offer converging evidence that people specifically underestimate the amount of income held by the top of the income distribution.

The Role of Policy in Global Neurosurgery.

There have been tremendous strides over the past decade to institute strong policy as means to facilitate alignment on goals and strategies for global neurosurgical systems strengthening. In this chapter, we highlight key historic policy milestones in the global neurosurgery movement. We discuss the role of international organizations in neurosurgery, and the incorporation of neurosurgery into global health agendas.

Partisans neither expect nor receive reputational rewards for sharing falsehoods over truth online.

A frequently invoked explanation for the sharing of false over true political information is that partisans are motivated by their reputations. In particular, it is often argued that by indiscriminately sharing news that is favorable to one's political party, regardless of whether it is true-or perhaps especially when it is true-partisans can signal loyalty to their group, and improve their reputations in the eyes of their online networks. Across three survey studies (total = 3,038), and an analysis of over 26,000 tweets, we explored these hypotheses by measuring the reputational benefits that people anticipate and receive from sharing different content online.

Mapping the regulatory landscape for artificial intelligence in health within the European Union.

Regulatory frameworks for artificial intelligence (AI) are needed to mitigate risks while ensuring the ethical, secure, and effective implementation of AI technology in healthcare and population health. In this article, we present a synthesis of 141 binding policies applicable to AI in healthcare and population health in the EU and 10 European countries. The EU AI Act sets the overall regulatory framework for AI, while other legislations set social, health, and human rights standards, address the safety of technologies and the implementation of innovation, and ensure the protection and safe use of data.

Revisiting organizational culture in healthcare: Heterogeneity as a resource.

Aligning culture to be similar across work units is a common organizational tactic, but its appropriateness for the multidisciplinary context of healthcare is far from certain. Variation in perceptions of culture across large health systems may serve a functional purpose in delivering high quality care and ameliorating job stress; however, past research in healthcare has focused on culture as the average set of values and norms (i.e.

Attraction by pairwise coherence explains the emergence of ideological sorting.

Political polarization has become a growing concern in democratic societies, as it drives tribal alignments and erodes civic deliberation among citizens. Given its prevalence across different countries, previous research has sought to understand under which conditions people tend to endorse extreme opinions. However, in polarized contexts, citizens not only adopt more extreme views but also become correlated across issues that are, a priori, seemingly unrelated.

From mood to use: Using ecological momentary assessments to examine how anhedonia and depressed mood impact cannabis use in a depressed sample.

Anhedonia and depressed mood are two cardinal symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD). Prior work has demonstrated that cannabis consumers often endorse anhedonia and depressed mood, which may contribute to greater cannabis use (CU) over time. However, it is unclear (1) how the unique influence of anhedonia and depressed mood affect CU and (2) how these symptoms predict CU over more proximal periods of time, including the next day or week (rather than proceeding weeks or months).

Correction to "The interpersonal costs of dishonesty: How dishonest behavior reduces individuals' ability to read others' emotions" by Lee et al. (2019).

Reports an error in "The interpersonal costs of dishonesty: How dishonest behavior reduces individuals' ability to read others' emotions" by Julia J. Lee, Ashley E. Hardin, Bidhan Parmar, and Francesca Gino (, 2019[Sep], Vol 148[9], 1557-1574).

Formal and informal hospital emergency management practices: managing for safety and performance amid crisis.

Although formal preparedness for unexpected crises has long been a concern of health care policy and delivery, many hospitals struggled to manage staff and equipment shortages, precarious finances, and supply chain disruptions among other difficulties during the Coronavirus disease pandemic. Our purpose was to analyze how hospitals used formal and informal emergency management practices to maintain safe and high-quality care while responding to crisis. We conducted a qualitative study based on 26 interviews with hospital leaders and emergency managers from 12 US hospitals, purposively sampled to vary along geographic location, urban/rural delineation, size, resource availability, system membership, teaching status, and performance levels among other characteristics.

Contemporary Patterns of Financial Toxicity Among Patients With Rheumatologic Disease in the United States.

Background/objective: Rheumatologic diseases encompass a group of disabling conditions that often require expensive clinical treatments and limit an individual's ability to work and maintain a steady income. The purpose of this study was to evaluate contemporary patterns of financial toxicity among patients with rheumatologic disease and assess for any associated demographic factors.

Methods: The cross-sectional National Health Interview Survey was queried from 2013 to 2018 for patients with rheumatologic disease.

Psychological Safety as an Enduring Resource Amid Constraints.

Objectives: While psychological safety is recognized as valuable in healthcare, its relationship to resource constraints is not well understood. We investigate whether psychological safety mitigates the negative impact of resource constraints on employees.

Methods: Leveraging longitudinal survey data collected from healthcare workers before and during the COVID-19 crisis ( = 27,240), we examine how baseline psychological safety relates to employee burnout and intent to stay over time, and then investigate this relationship relative to resource constraints (i.

REPRESENTATION AND EXTRAPOLATION: EVIDENCE FROM CLINICAL TRIALS.

This article examines the consequences and causes of low enrollment of Black patients in clinical trials. We develop a simple model of similarity-based extrapolation that predicts that evidence is more relevant for decision-making by physicians and patients when it is more representative of the group being treated. This generates the key result that the perceived benefit of a medicine for a group depends not only on the average benefit from a trial but also on the share of patients from that group who were enrolled in the trial.

Is auditor financial decision-making affected by prior audit report information? A behavioral approach.

The role of financial experts is to provide their professional judgments with an opinion included in the financial reports after reviewing an entity's financial information, following a specific audit process. We investigate whether confirmation bias (through prior audit opinions) occurs among auditors during the audit process and decision-making, and whether experience mitigates this effect. A total of 175 non-experienced auditors run a 2x4 between-subjects experiment (experiment 1) studying how financial information (IV with two levels: negative and neutral/positive) and previous audit report (IV with four levels: absence, negative, moderately negative, and positive) might influence the issuance of the subsequent decision-making (DV).

Price Transparency in United States' Health Care: A Narrative Policy Review of the Current State and Way Forward.

Health care price transparency is gaining momentum as a tangible policy intervention that can unleash market principles to increase competition, help begin to decrease U.S. health care expenditures, and provide Americans with access to affordable, high-quality health care.

Effect of partner presence on emotion regulation during parent-child interactions.

Having people around, especially if they provide social support, often leads to positive outcomes both physically and mentally. Mere social presence is especially beneficial when it comes from a loved one or romantic partner. In these studies, we aim to expand the understanding of how the presence of one's romantic partner affects emotion regulation in parental situations.