Payers are Morally Responsible for Reimbursing Social Care by Medical Facilities: How to Make Value-Based Payments Work for Vulnerable Patients.

Payers have shaped the healthcare system in the United States as fee-for-service has facilitated a care model that prioritizes volume over the sake of patient care. This worsens health disparities, especially in safety net facilities where ancillary social work is both necessary clinically and completely uncompensated. Using concepts from Iris Marion Young's Responsibility for Justice, it can be concluded that payers have a moral responsibility for reimbursing social care to address historical injustices.

Does communicating measurable diversity goals attract or repel historically marginalized job applicants? Evidence from the lab and field.

Many organizations struggle to attract a demographically diverse workforce. How does adding a measurable goal to a public diversity commitment-for example, "We care about diversity" versus "We care about diversity and plan to hire at least one woman or racial minority for every White man we hire"-impact application rates from women and racial minorities? Extant psychological theory offers competing predictions about how historically marginalized applicants might respond to such goals. On one hand, measurable diversity goals may raise belongingness concerns among marginalized group members who are uncomfortable with being recruited and hired based on their demographics.

Boomerasking: Answering your own questions.

Humans spend much of their lives in conversation, where they tend to hold many simultaneous motives. We examine two fundamental desires: to be responsive to a partner and to disclose about oneself. We introduce one pervasive way people attempt to reconcile these competing goals--a sequence in which individuals first pose a question to their conversation partner ("How was your weekend?"), let their partner answer, and then answer the question themselves ("Mine was amazing!").

Humor as a window into generative AI bias.

A preregistered audit of 600 images by generative AI across 150 different prompts explores the link between humor and discrimination in consumer-facing AI solutions. When ChatGPT updates images to make them "funnier", the prevalence of stereotyped groups changes. While stereotyped groups for politically sensitive traits (i.

On the Limits of Anonymization for Promoting Diversity in Organizations.

Anonymization of job applicant resumes is a recommended strategy to increase diversity in organizations, but large-scale tests have shown mixed results. We consider decision-makers' social dominance orientation (SDO), a measure of anti-egalitarianism/endorsement of group-based hierarchy, to illustrate the limits of anonymization. Across four pre-registered studies ( = 3,150), we show that (a) lower SDO individuals are less likely to hire individuals from underrepresented groups when job materials are anonymized and (b) they are more likely to opt into using anonymization.

Catalyzing sustainable development: insights from the international workshop on STI policies and innovation systems in Central America.

This article examines the landscape of Science, Technology, and Innovation policies in Central America, focusing on Nicaragua, Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador. These nations face significant challenges in leveraging STI for sustainable development, including financial constraints and limited resources. Additionally, Central America struggles with systemic issues such as corruption, violence, and high levels of emigration, further complicating efforts to advance STI.

Is personal identity intransitive?

There has been a call for a potentially revolutionary change to our existing understanding of the psychological concept of personal identity. Apparently, people can psychologically represent people, including themselves, as multiple individuals at the same time. Here, we ask whether the intransitive found in these studies truly reflect the operation of an intransitive of personal identity.

Public attitudes on performance for algorithmic and human decision-makers.

This study explores public preferences for algorithmic and human decision-makers (DMs) in high-stakes contexts, how these preferences are shaped by performance metrics, and whether public evaluations of performance differ depending on the type of DM. Leveraging a conjoint experimental design, approximately respondents chose between pairs of DM profiles in two high-stakes scenarios: pretrial release decisions and bank loan approvals. The profiles varied by type (human vs.

Anhedonia in flux: Understanding the associations of emotion regulation and anxiety with anhedonia dynamics in a sample with major depressive disorder.

Negative rumination and emotion regulation difficulties have been consistently linked with depression. Despite anhedonia-the lack of interest in pleasurable experiences-being a cardinal symptom of depression, emotion regulation of positive emotions, including dampening, are considered far less in the literature. Given that anhedonia may manifest through blunted responses to previously positive or enjoyable experiences, it is vital to understand how different positive emotion regulation strategies impact anhedonia symptom severity and how it can vary or change over time.

In the "Drivers'" Seat: How to Improve Drivers of Health, from Vision to Impact.

Despite focusing on drivers of health, or social determinants of health, for more than a decade, health care organizations have made minimal progress in improving these factors and associated health outcomes. This data- and theory-driven analysis looks at (1) why that is the case and (2) how organizational leaders and operators can go about correcting it. The authors' research finds that lack of progress is often due to ill-fit, entrenched business models that were optimized for a fee-for-service environment and cannot easily pivot to focus on drivers of health.

State capacity and varieties of climate policy.

Countries vary in the adoption of sticks and carrots in climate policy. Differences in institutional capacity and fiscal space shape national policies. This matters for the effectiveness of national mitigation efforts and the extent of international conflict over climate policy.

Valuing the Societal Impact of Medicines and Other Health Technologies: A User Guide to Current Best Practices.

This study argues that value assessment conducted from a societal perspective should rely on the Generalized Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (GCEA) framework proposed herein. Recently developed value assessment inventories - such as the Second Panel on Cost-Effectiveness's "impact inventory" and International Society of Pharmacoeconomics Outcomes Research (ISPOR) "value flower" - aimed to more comprehensively capture the benefits and costs of new health technologies from a societal perspective. Nevertheless, application of broader value elements in practice has been limited in part because quantifying these elements can be complex, but also because there have been numerous methodological advances since these value inventories have been released (e.

Information consumption and firm size.

Social and biological collectives exchange information through internal networks to function. Less studied is the quantity and variety of information transmitted. We characterize the information flow into organizations, primarily business firms.

Variation in batch ordering of imaging tests in the emergency department and the impact on care delivery.

Objectives: To examine heterogeneity in physician batch ordering practices and measure the associations between a physician's tendency to batch order imaging tests on patient outcomes and resource utilization.

Study Setting And Design: In this retrospective study, we used comprehensive EMR data from patients who visited the Mayo Clinic of Arizona Emergency Department (ED) between October 6, 2018 and December 31, 2019. Primary outcomes are patient length of stay (LOS) in the ED, number of diagnostic imaging tests ordered during a patient encounter, and patients' return with admission to the ED within 72 h.

The international empirics of management.

A country's national income broadly depends on the quantity and quality of workers and capital. But how well these factors are managed within and between firms may be a key determinant of a country's productivity and its GDP. Although social scientists have long studied the role of management practices in shaping business performance, their primary tool has been individual case studies.

Attraction to politically extreme users on social media.

Political segregation is a pressing issue, particularly on social media platforms. Recent research suggests that one driver of segregation is -people's preference for others in their political group who have more extreme (rather than more moderate) political views. However, acrophily has been found in lab experiments, where people choose to interact with others based on little information.