Genomics yields biological and phenotypic insights into bipolar disorder.

Bipolar disorder is a leading contributor to the global burden of disease. Despite high heritability (60-80%), the majority of the underlying genetic determinants remain unknown. We analysed data from participants of European, East Asian, African American and Latino ancestries (n = 158,036 cases with bipolar disorder, 2.

Modular access to saturated bioisosteres of anilines via photoelectrochemical decarboxylative C(sp)-N coupling.

In drug development, the substitution of benzene rings in aniline-based drug candidates with saturated bridged bicyclic ring systems often enhances pharmacokinetic properties while preserving biological activity. However, current efforts predominantly focuses on bicyclo[1.1.

Assessing the Association Between Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents and Parkinson Disease: Insights From the Korean National Health Insurance Service Database.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the association between the use of linear and macrocyclic gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) and the subsequent development of Parkinson disease (PD).

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, data were extracted from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database, comprising 1,038,439 individuals. From this population, 175,125 adults aged 40 to 60 years with no history of brain disease were identified.

Performance of the 1 h oral glucose tolerance test in predicting type 2 diabetes and association with impaired β-cell function in Asians: a national prospective cohort study.

Background: Postprandial glucose concentration 1-h (1 h-PG) after an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) has similar or superior performance to 2 h-PG in predicting type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in several populations, and is simpler to obtain in clinical practice. However, studies in Asians are scarce. We investigated the utility of elevated baseline 1 h-PG in predicting T2DM incidence within three years, and its relationship with β-cell function in 1250 non-diabetic Asian participants.

Assessment of intratumor heterogeneity for preoperatively predicting the invasiveness of pulmonary adenocarcinomas manifesting as pure ground-glass nodules.

Background: The increased use of low-dose computed tomography (CT) for lung cancer screening has improved the detection of ground-glass nodules. However, as the clinical utility of CT findings to predict the invasiveness of pure ground-glass nodules (pGGNs) is currently limited, differentiating pGGNs that indicate invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC) from those that represent other histological entities is challenging. We aimed to quantify intratumor heterogeneity of lung adenocarcinomas characterized by pGGNs on CT to assess its efficacy in predicting IACs before surgery.

Pharmacokinetics of Generic Pediatric Abacavir/Lamivudine Dispersible Tablets in Thai Young Children Living With HIV Weighing Below Twenty Kilograms.

We investigated the steady-state pharmacokinetics of generic abacavir (ABC)/lamivudine (3TC) dispersible tablets (DTs) in young children living with HIV aged 3 months to <7 years, weighing 6 to <20 kg. Twenty-eight Thai children were enrolled and received ABC/3TC-DT plus pediatric dolutegravir-DT once daily. ABC/3TC was administered using WHO weight band (WB) doses: 180/90 mg, 240/120 mg and 300/150 mg for children weighing 6 to <10 kg (WB 1, n = 7), 10 to <14 kg (WB2, n = 9) and 14 to <20 kg (WB3, n = 12), respectively.

Profiling Sociodemographic Risk Factors and Clinical Outcomes of Women with Endometrial Cancer in Puerto Rico: The Central Role of Obesity and Obstetric Features.

Introduction: Incidence of endometrial cancer (EC) in Hispanic/Latina (H/L) women are higher compared to other race/ethnicities in the United States. EC is the third most common cancer and the fourth cause of cancer-related deaths in Puerto Rican women, yet demographic and clinical information is limited. High rates of EC risk factors such as obesity, diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) and hypertension (HTN) have been documented in the Puerto Rican population.

Location-specific net water uptake and malignant cerebral edema in acute anterior circulation occlusion ischemic stroke.

Background And Purpose: Early identification of malignant cerebral edema (MCE) in patients with acute ischemic stroke is crucial for timely interventions. We aimed to identify regions critically associated with MCE using the Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score (ASPECTS) to evaluate the association between location-specific-net water uptake (NWU) and MCE.

Materials And Methods: This multicentre, retrospective cohort study included patients with acute ischemic stroke following large anterior circulation occlusion.

[Biomarkers in complex regional pain syndrome].

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a severe pain disorder with an unclear pathophysiology. Biomarkers offer opportunities to enhance diagnosis, stratification, prognosis, and monitoring. Serum markers such as cytokines and microRNAs show potential but require further research.

Mixed-phase enabled high-rate copper niobate anodes for lithium-ion batteries.

The advancement of rapid-response grid energy storage systems and the widespread adoption of electric vehicles are significantly hindered by the charging times and energy densities associated with current lithium-ion battery technology. In state-of-the-art lithium-ion batteries, graphite is employed as the standard negative electrode material. However, graphite suffers from polarization and deteriorating side-reactions at the high currents needed for fast charging.

Efficacy, safety, and quality of life of dabrafenib plus trametinib treatment in Chinese patients with mutation-positive metastatic non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Dabrafenib plus trametinib (Dab + Tram) is an approved targeted therapy in patients with mutated metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, we report the efficacy, safety, and quality of life (QoL) results of Dab + Tram treatment in Chinese patients with mutation-positive metastatic NSCLC.

Methods: This is a single-arm, open-label, multicentre, phase II study (NCT04452877).

Five undescribed chromone-phenylpyridone hybrids from Cineraria repanda-derived Penicillium oxalicum with cytotoxic and antibacterial activity.

Five previously undescribed phenylpyridones, designated as citridones H-L (1-5), along with seven known compounds, were characterized from the rice medium culture of the Cineraria repanda-derived endophytic fungus Penicillium oxalicum. Their structures were elucidated through detailed interpretation of UV, NMR, and HR-ESI-MS data. The absolute configurations of C-2 and C-3 in compounds 1-4 were determined by spectroscopic analysis and ECD calculations, while the C-5' configurations were established through computational C NMR and DP4+ analyses.

Influencing factors and prediction model construction for recurrence in patients with ovarian endometriosis after laparoscopic conservative surgery.

Objective: To investigate the factors influencing recurrence following laparoscopic conservative surgery in patients with ovarian endometriosis (OEM) and to develop a predictive model.

Methods: In this retrospective study, the clinical data from 212 OEM patients who underwent laparoscopic conservative surgery at Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital from May 2013 to December 2021 were meticulously reviewed. According to disease recurrence over a 2-year follow-up period, the patients were divided into a recurrence group and a non-recurrence group.

Predictive modeling of breast cancer-related lymphedema using machine learning algorithms.

Background: Breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) is one of the common complications after breast cancer surgery. It can easily lead to limb swelling, deformation and upper limb dysfunction, which has a serious impact on the physical and mental health and quality of life of patients. Previous studies have mostly used statistical methods such as linear regression and logistic regression to analyze the influencing factors, but all of them have certain limitations.

Optimal Duration of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy After Carotid Artery Stenting: A Nationwide Cohort Study.

Background: Carotid artery stenting (CAS) is an alternative treatment for patients with carotid artery stenosis who are not eligible for carotid endarterectomy. Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after CAS aims to prevent ischemic stroke. However, its optimal duration remains unclear.

What happens when you turn weed management off? A long-term appraisal of the effectiveness of Pteridium aquilinum (L.) kuhn control treatments and the role of sheep grazing.

Long-term strategies are needed for the ecological restoration of land invaded by perennial weed species comprising of two parts: (1) control of the invasive species and (2) restoration of native vegetation meeting agricultural/conservation objectives. We investigated this within a statistically-rigorous, 28-year experiment at a site where Pteridium aquilinum had invaded an acid-grass/heathland. Where P.

A Glutamate Receptor-Like Gene AtGLR25 With Its Unusual Splice Variant Has a Role in Mediating Glutamate-Elicited Changes in Arabidopsis Root Architecture.

The occurrence of external L-glutamate at the Arabidopsis root tip triggers major changes in root architecture, but the mechanism of -L-Glu sensing is unknown. Members of the family of GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR-LIKE (GLR) proteins are known to act as amino acid-gated Ca-permeable channels and to have signalling roles in diverse plant processes. To investigate the possible role of GLRs in the root architectural response to L-Glu, we screened a collection of mutants with T-DNA insertions in each of the 20 AtGLR genes.

Reevaluating Anti-Inflammatory Therapy: Targeting Senescence to Balance Anti-Cancer Efficacy and Vascular Disease.

Modulating immune function is a critical strategy in cancer and atherosclerosis treatments. For cancer, boosting or maintaining the immune system is crucial to prevent tumor growth. However, in vascular disease, mitigating immune responses can decrease inflammation and slow atherosclerosis progression.

Artificial intelligence-powered solutions for automated aortic diameter measurement in computed tomography: a narrative review.

Background And Objective: Patients with thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection (TAAD) are often asymptomatic but present acutely with life threatening complications that necessitate emergency intervention. Aortic diameter measurement using computed tomography (CT) is considered the gold standard for diagnosis, surgical planning, and monitoring. However, manual measurement can create challenges in clinical workflows due to its time-consuming, labour-intensive nature and susceptibility to human error.

Super-photostable organic dye for long-term live-cell single-protein imaging.

Organic dyes play a crucial role in live-cell imaging because of their advantageous properties, such as photostability and high brightness. Here we introduce a super-photostable and bright organic dye, Phoenix Fluor 555 (PF555), which exhibits an order-of-magnitude longer photobleaching lifetime than conventional organic dyes without the requirement of any anti-photobleaching additives. PF555 is an asymmetric cyanine structure in which, on one side, the indole in the conventional Cyanine-3 is substituted with 3-oxo-quinoline.

Chimeric antigen receptor macrophages (CAR-M) sensitize HER2+ solid tumors to PD1 blockade in pre-clinical models.

We previously developed human CAR macrophages (CAR-M) and demonstrated redirection of macrophage anti-tumor function leading to tumor control in immunodeficient xenograft models. Here, we develop clinically relevant fully immunocompetent syngeneic models to evaluate the potential for CAR-M to remodel the tumor microenvironment (TME), induce T cell anti-tumor immunity, and sensitize solid tumors to PD1/PDL1 checkpoint inhibition. In vivo, anti-HER2 CAR-M significantly reduce tumor burden, prolong survival, remodel the TME, increase intratumoral T cell and natural killer (NK) cell infiltration, and induce antigen spreading.

Comparing the Diagnostic Performance of Ultrasound Elastography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Differentiate Benign and Malignant Breast Lesions: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Objective: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was comparing diagnostic performance of ultrasound elastography (UE), strain UE and shear wave elastography (SWE), with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in differentiating benign and malignant breast lesions.

Methods: Literature search of MEDLINE, Web of Science, SCOPUS and Google Scholar was performed in June 2023. Included studies used Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) and histopathology as reference standard.

Prediction Models for Postoperative Pneumonia in Elderly Hip Fracture Patients: A Systematic Review and Critical Appraisal.

Background: Although several models have been developed to predict postoperative pneumonia in elderly hip fracture patients, no systematic review of the model quality and clinical applicability has been reported.

Objective: To systematically review and critically appraise existing models for postoperative pneumonia in elderly hip fracture patients.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Prevalence and Temporal Trends of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Medication Fills During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding in Denmark.

Background And Objectives: Females of reproductive age are increasingly using attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medication, but its use during pregnancy and breastfeeding is largely unknown. The aim of this study is to examine the prevalence of ADHD medication fills during pregnancy and breastfeeding, including characteristics of these females and cohort differences over time.

Methods: We conducted a descriptive study using Danish nationwide registers.

Coacervate vesicles assembled by liquid-liquid phase separation improve delivery of biopharmaceuticals.

Vesicles play critical roles in cellular materials storage and signal transportation, even in the formation of organelles and cells. Natural vesicles are composed of a lipid layer that forms a membrane for the enclosure of substances inside. Here we report a coacervate vesicle formed by the liquid-liquid phase separation of cholesterol-modified DNA and histones.