11,654 results match your criteria: "H.L.; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center[Affiliation]"
Using human factors methods to mitigate bias in artificial intelligence-based clinical decision support.
J Am Med Inform Assoc
February 2025
Center for Pharmaceutical Policy and Prescribing, Health Policy Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States.
Objectives: To highlight the often overlooked role of user interface (UI) design in mitigating bias in artificial intelligence (AI)-based clinical decision support (CDS).
Materials And Methods: This perspective paper discusses the interdependency between AI-based algorithm development and UI design and proposes strategies for increasing the safety and efficacy of CDS.
Results: The role of design in biasing user behavior is well documented in behavioral economics and other disciplines.
World delirium awareness and quality survey in 2023-a worldwide point prevalence study.
Age Ageing
November 2024
Nursing Research, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.
Background: Delirium, an acute brain dysfunction, is proposed to be highly prevalent in clinical care and shown to significantly increase the risk of mortality and dementia.
Objectives: To report on the global prevalence of clinically documented delirium and delirium-related clinical practices in wards caring for paediatric and adult patients in healthcare facilities.
Design: A prospective, cross-sectional, 39-question survey completed on World Delirium Awareness Day, 15 March 2023.
Spectrum of Clinical and Imaging Features of Children With GFAP Astrocytopathy.
Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm
January 2025
From the Departments of Pediatric Neurology (S.S., A.B., K.R.), and Pediatric Radiology (A.P., R.C.), Children's Hospital Datteln, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany; Consultant Child Neurologist and Epileptologist at Neoclinic Children's Hospital (V.J.), Jaipur, India; Department of Pediatric Neurology (T.K.), Children's Hospital Datteln, University Witten/Herdecke; Faculty of Health (T.K.), Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, Chair of Personality Psychology and Diagnosis, Witten/Herdecke University; Center for Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine (U.D.), University Medical Clinic, Mainz; University Children's Hospital Regensburg (KUNO) (T.G.), Hospital St. Hedwig of the Order of St. John, University of Regensburg; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.N.), VAMED Klinik Geesthacht; Department of Pediatrics (A.N.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of Pediatric Neurology (C.L.-N.), Mutterhaus der Borromäerinnen, Trier; Department of Pediatric Intensive Care (R.A.-H.), University Children's Hal Marburg; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.F.-B.), Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (K.D.), Paris-Saclay University Hospitals, Bicêtre Hospital, Pediatric Neurology Department, National Referral Center for Rare Inflammatory and Auto-immune Brain and Spinal Diseases, Paris Saclay University, France; Neuroimmunology Unit (T.A.), in Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona; Neuroimmunology Program (T.A., G.O.-C.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona; Neurology Unit (G.O.-C.), Hospital Parc Taulí de Sabadell, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroimmunology Laboratory (S.K.), Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Amrita University, Kochi, India; Department of Pediatrics (A.K.); Center for Rare Diseases (A.K.), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Germany; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.M.); Pediatric Neurology Institute (A.F.-V.), Dana-Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University; Institute of Pediatric Neurology (E.G.-C.), Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel; University Children's Hospital Oldenburg (H.L.), Department of Neuropediatrics, Oldenburg; Neuropediatric Unit (A.H., R.W.), Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institute Stockholm, Sweden; and Institute of Clinical Chemistry (J.D., F.L.), Neuroimmunology Unit and Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus, Kiel, Germany.
Article Synopsis
- This study investigates the clinical and MRI characteristics of children with autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy, revealing limited data compared to what is known in adults.
- Researchers analyzed cases of 15 children from various clinical centers, finding common symptoms like acute encephalitis and meningitis, and specific MRI patterns in all cases.
- The findings suggest that GFAP antibodies lead to distinct clinical and imaging features, emphasizing the need for testing in pediatric patients with similar symptoms, especially those with brainstem involvement.
Middle Meningeal Artery Embolization for Nonacute Subdural Hematoma.
N Engl J Med
November 2024
From the Neurovascular Center (J. Liu, Q.Z., P.Z., L.C., Yongxin Zhang, F.S., Y. Wu, G.D., N.L., X.X., Zifu Li, Y. Zhou, L.Z., D.D., Yongwei Zhang, R.Z., Y.X., Q.L., P.Y.), Trauma Center (J. Liu, Q.Z.), and Department of Radiology (B.T.), Naval Medical University Changhai Hospital, the Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of the Ministry of Education, Naval Medical University (J. Liu, P.Y.), the Oriental PanVascular Devices Innovations College, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology (J. Liu, H.Z., P.Y.), the Departments of Neurosurgery (W.N., H.Y., J.Y., Z.D., J.H., Q.Y., G.W., C.G., X.W., H.J., J.S., Y.G., Y.M.) and Neurology (X.C., Z.W.), and the National Center for Neurological Disorders (Y.G., Y.M.), Fudan University Huashan Hospital, the Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University Huashan Hospital North (Y. Lei, Yanjiang Li, L.X.), Neurosurgical Institute Fudan University and Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery (Y.G., Y.M.), the Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (X.H.), the Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (J. Wan), the Department of Neurosurgery, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (Yi Li), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital (L.G.), Shanghai, the Department of Neurosurgery, First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou (Y.P.), the Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo (Z. Lin), the Department of Neurosurgery, Yijishan Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu (Zhenbao Li), the Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng (J. Wang), the Department of Neurosurgery, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou (Y. Zhen), the Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei (J. Luo), the Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou (Y. Lin), the Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong (J.C.), the Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangsu Provincial Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing (H.L.), the Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou (M.Z.), the Department of Neurosurgery, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou (M.L.), the Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou (J.Z.), the Department of Neurosurgery, Capital Medical University Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Beijing (Y. Wang), the Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou (T.L.), the Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang (G.M.), the Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital Wuhan University, Wuhan (W.Z.), the Department of Neurosurgery, the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang (C.L.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen (E.C.) - all in China; the Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (J.M.O.), Radiology (M.G.), and Clinical Neurosciences (M.G.), University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; and the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam (C.B.L.M.M.).
Background: The effect of embolization of the middle meningeal artery in patients with subacute or chronic subdural hematoma is uncertain.
Methods: We performed a multicenter, open-label, randomized trial in China, involving patients with symptomatic nonacute subdural hematoma with mass effect. Patients were assigned to undergo burr-hole drainage or receive nonsurgical treatment at the surgeon's discretion, and patients in each group were then randomly assigned, in a 1:1 ratio, to undergo middle meningeal artery embolization with liquid embolic material or to receive usual care.
Genetic parameter estimation for traits related to the immune system against sheep red blood cells in Japanese quail.
Br Poult Sci
November 2024
Department of Animal Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gogan, Iran.
Article Synopsis
- Improving disease resistance in the animal and poultry industry may be enhanced through genetic selection for better immune systems, in addition to using drugs and vaccines.
- A study on a 938 pedigreed population of Japanese quail examined various traits, including body weight and several organ weights, while analyzing immune response metrics like antibody levels and blood cell counts using advanced statistical models.
- Results showed moderate heritability for immune traits, with potential for improving immune response by selecting for traits like spleen weight and higher IgG levels, which could enhance quail resistance to infections.
Limosilactobacillus fermentum KBL674 Alleviates Vaginal Candidiasis.
Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins
November 2024
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Candida albicans (C. albicans) is the primary etiologic agent of vaginal candidiasis. Lactobacillus species are predominant in the vaginal microbiome; they inhibit the development of vaginal candidiasis by producing antimicrobial agents, such as lactic acid and hydrogen peroxide.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCerebral Ischemia Protection After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: CSF Nimodipine Levels After Intravenous Versus Oral Nimodipine Administration.
Clin Pharmacol Ther
February 2025
Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
There is accumulating evidence that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of nimodipine correlate with long-term outcome of patients after subarachnoidal hemorrhage (aSAH) by impeding cerebral ischemia. However, pharmacological data on simultaneous serum vs. CSF and intraparenchymal nimodipine values are rarely reported in larger patient groups.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNSAID Allergy Labels Associated With Mortality and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Stroke.
Stroke
January 2025
Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology (C.C.W.T., H.W.F.M., P.H.L.), Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam.
Article Synopsis
- The study examined how mislabeled drug allergies, particularly to NSAIDs, affect stroke patients compared to the general population in Hong Kong from 2008 to 2014.
- Patients with stroke had a higher prevalence of allergy labels for cardiovascular and diagnostic agents, impacting their treatment options and medication prescriptions.
- Notably, those labeled with NSAID allergies were less likely to receive important medications like aspirin, faced higher mortality rates, and most could be delabeled successfully through testing.
Overuse of analgesics can affect the fertility biomarker Anti-Müllerian Hormone in females. A translational study.
Cephalalgia
November 2024
Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Background: Medication overuse headache is a prevalent secondary headache due to the overuse of analgesics, mainly over-the-counter analgesics. Over-the-counter analgesics have been associated with disrupted male endocrinology, while the effects on female endocrinology remain nearly unknown. The aim was to understand the effect of long-term analgesic exposure in females with medication overuse headache on Anti-Müllerian hormone, a surrogate measure of female fertility.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFReinforcement learning model for optimizing dexmedetomidine dosing to prevent delirium in critically ill patients.
NPJ Digit Med
November 2024
Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Article Synopsis
- Delirium in ICU patients can lead to longer hospital stays and higher mortality rates, making its prevention important.
- Dexmedetomidine is being used to prevent delirium, but figuring out the best dosage is difficult.
- An AI model called AID was developed to optimize dexmedetomidine dosing and showed better performance than traditional clinical methods in preliminary tests, suggesting it could aid doctors in decision-making.
The Effect of Denosumab on Risk for Emergently Treated Hypocalcemia by Stage of Chronic Kidney Disease : A Target Trial Emulation.
Ann Intern Med
January 2025
Office of Pharmacovigilance and Epidemiology, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland (S.T.B., K.G., A.N., D.J.G.).
Background: There is a paucity of data on treatment of osteoporosis in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Objective: To assess the risk for emergently treated hypocalcemia with denosumab by stage of CKD and presence of CKD-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD).
Design: Target trial emulation.
Disparities in Lung Cancer Screening in Hispanic Head and Neck Cancer Survivors.
Cancer Control
November 2024
Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Effective cancer screening is crucial for early detection and better survival rates, especially in high-risk groups like Hispanics/Latinx, who face significant cancer mortality.
- Despite lower tobacco use, lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths among Hispanic men and women, largely due to late-stage diagnoses from limited screening access.
- Head and neck cancer survivors are particularly at risk, with many developing lung cancer; they are nearly three times more likely to get lung cancer than the general smoker population, highlighting the need for targeted lung cancer screening initiatives.
Intensive Blood-Pressure Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.
N Engl J Med
November 2024
From the Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, and the National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases (Shanghai), Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics (Y.B., M.L., J.L., T.W., R.Z., Y.C., M.X., S.W., J.N., Z.Z., J.D., G.N., Y.X., W.W.), the Lifecycle Health Management Center (Jingya Wang), and the Ruijin-Junshi Clinical Research Center (L.L.), Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, and the School of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences (J.N.), Shanghai, the Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Third People's Hospital of Datong (Y.L.), and the Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Heji Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College (X.N.), Shanxi, the Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, First People's Hospital of Loudi (T.L.), and the Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, People's Hospital of Liuyang (X.Q.), Hunan, the Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Third Hospital of Nanchang, Jiangxi (P.D.), the Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, General Hospital of Hebi Coal Industry Group (F.X.), the Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou (Q.D.), the Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, People's Hospital of Anyang City (X.W.), the Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Zhengzhou Central Hospital (Z.K.), and the Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, General Hospital of Pingmei Shenma Group (H.Z.), Henan, the Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Yankuang New Journey General Hospital (Ailiang Wang), the Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Xinhuan Zhang), the Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Weifang Municipal Official Hospital (Jing Wang), the Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University (S.P.), the Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Weifang Hi-tech Zone People's Hospital (Xiaoliang Zhang), the Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Second Hospital of Shandong University (S.C.), and the Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghe County People's Hospital (Z.G.), Shandong, the Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Tieli People's Hospital (Y.N.), the Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Yian County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (C.L.), and the Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Wuchang People's Hospital (W.T.), Heilongjiang, the Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Anqing Shihua Hospital of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Group (An Wang), and the Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Lai'an Jia Ning Hospital (S.D.), Anhui, the Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University (Xiamen branch), Fujian (S.W.), the Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jilin Municipal People's Hospital (H.P.), and the Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, First Hospital of Jilin University (G.W.), Jilin, the Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Hai'an People's Hospital (X.Y.), and the Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Sheyang County Diabetes Hospital (Y.D.), Jiangsu, the Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan (Q.W.), the Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Yuhuan Second People's Hospital, Zhejiang (Q.Z.), and the Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Liaoning (H.L.) - all in China; and the O'Donnell School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.H.).
Article Synopsis
- A study was conducted to find out the best systolic blood pressure targets for patients over 50 with type 2 diabetes and high cardiovascular risk, comparing intensive treatment (target <120 mm Hg) to standard treatment (target <140 mm Hg) over 5 years.
- Out of 12,821 patients, the intensive treatment group had a lower average systolic blood pressure after one year (121.6 mm Hg) compared to the standard group (133.2 mm Hg), resulting in significantly fewer major cardiovascular events.
- Despite the lower overall events in the intensive group, there were more cases of symptomatic hypotension and hyperkalemia, but the rates of serious adverse events were similar in both groups.
Simulated fire and plant-soil feedback effects on mycorrhizal fungi and invasive plants.
iScience
November 2024
School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.
Climate change intensifies fires, raising questions about their impacts on plant invasions via changes in soil biota and plant-soil feedback (plants alter soil conditions, changing plant growth and vice-versa). We explored effects of plant-soil feedback and simulated fire (heat) on mutualistic arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities and invasive plant growth. Soils were collected from a dominant native grass () and two invasive hawkweeds (, ) in a New Zealand grassland and then heated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA propensity score-matched analysis to evaluate the benefit of adjuvant therapy on disease recurrence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after R0 esophagectomy.
J Thorac Dis
October 2024
Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Article Synopsis
- Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in China has a poor prognosis and the effectiveness of adjuvant therapy (AT) after surgery remains unclear, prompting this study to evaluate its impact on recurrence-free survival (RFS) among affected patients.* -
- The study analyzed medical records of 523 ESCC patients who underwent surgery without prior therapy, using propensity score matching to compare 137 pairs of patients with and without AT, revealing that AT may improve RFS, especially in patients with higher propensity scores.* -
- Findings suggest that AT can enhance RFS outcomes for certain groups, indicating that a higher propensity score correlates with greater benefits from AT, but further research is needed to better understand how to guide
Redo-TAVI with the SAPIEN 3 valve in degenerated calcified CoreValve/Evolut explants.
EuroIntervention
November 2024
Cardiovascular Translational Lab, Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia and Providence Health Care, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada.
Article Synopsis
- Redo-transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is often needed for failed aortic valves, specifically examining SAPIEN 3 (S3) valves in degenerated CoreValve/Evolut (CV/EV) valves, which is not fully understood.
- The study assessed the performance of S3 valves following implantation in calcified CV/EV valves through various hydrodynamic tests, measuring factors like mean gradient, effective orifice area, and leaflet behaviors.
- Results indicated that S3 valves generally performed well, showing decreased mean gradient and acceptable effective orifice area, but issues like underexpansion, leaflet pinwheeling, and calcium protrusion were noted, highlighting the need for further research on long
Feasibility of redo-TAVI in the self-expanding ACURATE neo2 valve: a computed tomography study.
EuroIntervention
November 2024
The Heart Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Background: Redo-transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) may be unfeasible because of the risk of compromising coronary flow or coronary access by the pinned back leaflets of the index transcatheter aortic valve.
Aims: We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of redo-TAVI using the balloon-expandable SAPIEN 3 (S3) implanted within the self-expanding ACURATE neo2 (ACn2) valve and to identify predictors associated with a high risk of compromising coronary flow.
Methods: A total of 153 post-ACn2 TAVI cardiac computed tomography scans were analysed.
Association of Pretreatment Perfusion Imaging Parameters With 90-Day Excellent Functional Outcomes in Anterior Circulation Distal Medium Vessel Occlusion Stroke.
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol
November 2024
From the Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA (H.A.S., J.M., L.L., V.C.U., E.B.M., R.L., A.E.H., H.L., R.X., V.Y.); Department of Neuroradiology, MD Anderson Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA (H.A.S., M.W.); Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University (V.V.); Department of Radiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA (D.A.L., A.B.); Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH (Y.A.); Neuroendovascular Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA (A.A.D.); Neurovascular Centre, Departments of Medical Imaging and Neurosurgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada (A.A.D.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Erasme University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium (A.G.); Department of Neurosurgery and Interventional Neuroradiology, Louisiana State University, LA (B.M., N.A.); Department of Radiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA (D.W.); Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Stanford Medical Center, Palo Alto, California, USA (B.P.); Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA (K.N.); Department of Neuroimaging and Neurointervention, Stanford Medical Center, Palo Alto, California, USA (J.J.H., G.W.A.); Department of Radiology, Neuroendovascular Program, University Medical Center Münster, Germany (T.D.F.).
Article Synopsis
A Phase II study of avenciguat, a novel soluble guanylate cyclase activator, in patients with systemic sclerosis: Study design and rationale of the VITALISScE™ study.
J Scleroderma Relat Disord
November 2024
Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Introduction: Systemic sclerosis is a rare autoimmune connective tissue disease characterised by (1) microvasculopathy; (2) immune dysregulation; and (3) progressive fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. Soluble guanylate cyclase plays an important role in maintaining vascular and immunological homeostasis and preventing organ fibrosis. Pharmacological modulation of soluble guanylate cyclase with soluble guanylate cyclase stimulators has shown anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects in animal models of systemic sclerosis, with a trend towards clinical efficacy in a Phase II study (RISE-SSc).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnalysis of influencing factors of dry eyes after cataract surgery and construction of a prediction model.
Am J Transl Res
October 2024
Department of Ophthalmology, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital Suzhou 215200, Jiangsu, China.
Objective: To identify the influencing factors of dry eyes after cataract surgery and construct a prediction model to provide a reference for ophthalmologists in assessing the risk of postoperative dry eyes.
Methods: A retrospective study was conducted from January 2023 to April 2024, involving 219 patients (219 eyes) who underwent phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation at the Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital of Suzhou. Patients were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of dry eyes at 2 weeks postoperatively.
Prebiotics in food and dietary supplements: a roadmap to EU health claims.
Gut Microbes
November 2024
School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, United Kingdom and NIHR Southampton Biomedical, Research Centre, University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
Numerous studies have established that prebiotic ingredients in foods and dietary supplements may play a role in supporting human health. Over the three decades that have passed since prebiotics were first defined as a concept, research has revealed a complex universe of prebiotic-induced changes to the human microbiota. There are strong indications of a direct link between these prebiotic-induced changes and specific health benefits.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGrowth and Clinical Impact of Subsolid Lung Nodules ≥6 mm During Long-Term Follow-Up After Five Years of Stability.
Korean J Radiol
December 2024
Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Article Synopsis
- - The study focused on analyzing the occurrence and timing of growth in subsolid nodules (SSNs) that had been stable for five years, investigating their clinical significance and determining an effective follow-up strategy.
- - Out of 235 SSNs followed for up to 181 months after initial stability, only 14 (6.0%) showed growth, and no metastases were found, indicating a very low growth incidence.
- - The proposed follow-up with CT scans every five years post-initial stability could effectively detect most of the growing nodules and any clinical stage shifts.
Patterns and Clinical Implications of Hemorrhagic Transformation After Thrombolysis in Acute Ischemic Stroke: Results From the ENCHANTED Study.
Neurology
December 2024
From the Department of Neurology (Y.W., S.W., M.L.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; The George Institute for Global Health (Y.W., T.M., S.Y., C.C., L.L., Z.Z., C.D., J.P.C., C.S.A., X.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre (T.G.R.), Leicester, United Kingdom; University of Sydney (R.I.L.); Department of Clinical Medicine (C.D.), Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Division of Neuroimaging Sciences (G.M., J.M.W.), Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences and Centre in the UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (J.P.C., C.S.A.), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney Health Partners, Australia; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health (H.A.), Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan; Neurology Department (Y.H.), Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China; Neurology Department (J.S.K.), Asan Medical Centre, Seoul, South Korea; Neurology and Psychiatry Department (P.M.L.), Clinica Alemana de Santiago, Facultad de Medicina Universidad del Desarrollo, Chile; Neurology Department (T.-H.L.), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Neurology Department (C.L., M.W.P.), John Hunter Hospital and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia; Brazilian Stroke Network (S.C.M.), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Brazil; Neurology Department (J.D.P.), Christian Medical College, Ludhiana, India; Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences (O.M.P.-N.), Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine, Brazil; School of Medicine (V.K.S.), National University of Singapore and Division of Neurology (V.K.S.), National University Hospital, Singapore; Department of Cerebrovascular Disease (T.H.N.), 115 Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Shanghai Institute for Hypertension (J.W.), Rui Jin Hospital and Shanghai Jiaotong University; and Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-inspired Intelligence (C.S.A.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Article Synopsis
- Hemorrhagic transformation is a serious complication of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in acute ischemic stroke, and this study aimed to understand its impact on clinical outcomes by evaluating different hemorrhage patterns.
- The research analyzed data from the Enhanced Control of Hypertension and Thrombolysis Stroke Study and defined symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) and asymptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (aICH) based on established criteria, examining their associations with patient outcomes.
- Results showed that 17.8% of participants experienced intracranial hemorrhage, with sICH significantly linked to worse outcomes, including death and major disability, while aICH also posed risks, though to a lesser extent.
Population Pharmacokinetics of Vancomycin in Intensive Care Patients with the Time-Varying Status of Temporary Mechanical Circulatory Support or Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy.
Infect Dis Ther
December 2024
Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan City, 701, Taiwan.
Article Synopsis
- This study evaluates how vancomycin is processed in critically ill patients, particularly those undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) or temporary mechanical circulatory support (tMCS).
- The research involved 25 patients and focused on how factors like serum creatinine and body weight influence drug clearance and distribution.
- It concludes that vancomycin dosing should consider both renal function and body weight, suggesting modified initial and maintenance doses for patients on CRRT, while also noting that tMCS can complicate dosing adjustments due to altered drug clearance.