Sphere packings as a tool for the description of martensitic phase transformations.

Martensitic transformations which play an important role in metallurgical processes are analysed using group-subgroup relations and sphere-packing considerations. This approach is applied to the transformations between body-centred cubic (b.c.

Classification of soft-tissue injuries in open femur fractures: Relevant for systemic complications?

Background: A broad range of systemic complications has been described to occur in patients with open major fractures. Various causes have been claimed to play a role. We therefore surveyed a nationwide trauma registry to assess risk factors associated with closed and various types of open femur fractures.

Innate Effector-Memory T-Cell Activation Regulates Post-Thrombotic Vein Wall Inflammation and Thrombus Resolution.

Rationale: Immune cells play an important role during the generation and resolution of thrombosis. T cells are powerful regulators of immune and nonimmune cell function, however, their role in sterile inflammation in venous thrombosis has not been systematically examined.

Objective: This study investigated the recruitment, activation, and inflammatory activity of T cells in deep vein thrombosis and its consequences for venous thrombus resolution.

Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Among HIV-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Adults in a Large Integrated Healthcare System.

It is unclear whether HIV-infected individuals remain at higher risk of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) compared with HIV-uninfected individuals. We conducted a cohort study of HIV-infected and demographically matched HIV-uninfected adults within Kaiser Permanente Northern California during the period 1996-2011. We used Poisson models to obtain rate ratios (RRs) for incident IPD associated with HIV infection and other risk factors.

Laparoscopic jejunoileal side-to-side anastomosis for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chinese patients with a body mass index of 24-32 kg/m.

Objective: Laparoscopic jejunoileal side-to-side anastomosis (LJISSA) is an upcoming procedure that offers good metabolic improvement without causing significant malabsorption. The objective of this study was to evaluate the results of this novel procedure for the control of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in patients with a body mass index (BMI) of 24-32 kg/m 2.

Materials And Methods: Fifty-seven patients with T2DM who underwent LJISSA between February 2010 and May 2013 were recruited in this study.

High pressure-induced distortion in face-centered cubic phase of thallium.

The complex and unusual high-pressure phase transition of III-A (i.e. Al, Ga, and In) metals have been investigated in the last several decades because of their interesting periodic table position between the elements having metallic and covalent bonding.

A Single Amino-Acid Substitution in the Sodium Transporter HKT1 Associated with Plant Salt Tolerance.

A crucial prerequisite for plant growth and survival is the maintenance of potassium uptake, especially when high sodium surrounds the root zone. The Arabidopsis HIGH-AFFINITY K(+) TRANSPORTER1 (HKT1), and its homologs in other salt-sensitive dicots, contributes to salinity tolerance by removing Na(+) from the transpiration stream. However, TsHKT1;2, one of three HKT1 copies in Thellungiella salsuginea, a halophytic Arabidopsis relative, acts as a K(+) transporter in the presence of Na(+) in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae).

The Conformation of a Plasma Membrane-Localized Somatic Embryogenesis Receptor Kinase Complex Is Altered by a Potato Aphid-Derived Effector.

Somatic embryogenesis receptor kinases (SERKs) are transmembrane receptors involved in plant immunity. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) carries three SERK members. One of these, SlSERK1, is required for Mi-1.

Two-step C-H, C-P bond activation at an α-diimine iron dinitrogen complex.

Reduction of 6-coordinate ((Ph2PPr)DI)FeBr₂ under N2 results in formation of the terminal dinitrogen complex, ((Ph2PPr)DI)FeN2. Heating this product to 75 °C allows for C-H and C-P activation of the chelate to generate the cisoid and transoid isomers of [(μ-PrPPh-κ(5)-P,N,N,Cγ,P-(Ph2PPr)DI(PrPPh))Fe]2. Mechanistic possibilities for this transformation are discussed.

Identifying the multiplicity of crystallographically equivalent variants generated by iterative phase transformations in Ti.

This work describes phase transformations in Ti from a purely crystallographic perspective. Iterative heating and cooling above and below 1155 K induce phase transitions between a low-temperature h.c.

The crystal chemistry of inorganic metal borohydrides and their relation to metal oxides.

The crystal structures of inorganic homoleptic metal borohydrides are analysed with respect to their structural prototypes found amongst metal oxides in the inorganic databases such as Pearson's Crystal Data [Villars & Cenzual (2015). Pearson's Crystal Data. Crystal Structure Database for Inorganic Compounds, Release 2014/2015, ASM International, Materials Park, Ohio, USA].

Early prediction of long-term upper limb spasticity after stroke: part of the SALGOT study.

Objective: To identify predictors and the optimal time point for the early prediction of the presence and severity of spasticity in the upper limb 12 months poststroke.

Methods: In total, 117 patients in the Gothenburg area who had experienced a stroke for the first time and with documented arm paresis day 3 poststroke were consecutively included. Assessments were made at admission and at 3 and 10 days, 4 weeks, and 12 months poststroke.

The definition of polytrauma revisited: An international consensus process and proposal of the new 'Berlin definition'.

Background: The nomenclature for patients with multiple injuries with high mortality rates is highly variable, and there is a lack of a uniform definition of the term polytrauma. A consensus process was therefore initiated by a panel of international experts with the goal of assessing an improved, database-supported definition for the polytraumatized patient.

Methods: The consensus process involved the following: RESULTS: A total of 28,211 patients in the trauma registry met the inclusion criteria.

Magnitude of blood pressure reduction in the placebo arms of modern hypertension trials: implications for trials of renal denervation.

Early phase studies of novel interventions for hypertension, such as renal sympathetic denervation, are sometimes single-armed (uncontrolled). We explored the wisdom of this by quantifying the blood pressure fall in the placebo arms of contemporary trials of hypertension. We searched Medline up to June 2014 and identified blinded, randomized trials of hypertension therapy in which the control arm received placebo medication or a sham (placebo) procedure.

Diversity Outbred Mice Identify Population-Based Exposure Thresholds and Genetic Factors that Influence Benzene-Induced Genotoxicity.

Background: Inhalation of benzene at levels below the current exposure limit values leads to hematotoxicity in occupationally exposed workers.

Objective: We sought to evaluate Diversity Outbred (DO) mice as a tool for exposure threshold assessment and to identify genetic factors that influence benzene-induced genotoxicity.

Methods: We exposed male DO mice to benzene (0, 1, 10, or 100 ppm; 75 mice/exposure group) via inhalation for 28 days (6 hr/day for 5 days/week).

Renal dysfunction is associated with a reduced contribution of nitric oxide and enhanced vasoconstriction after a congenital renal mass reduction in sheep.

Background: Children born with reduced congenital renal mass have an increased risk of hypertension and chronic kidney disease in adulthood, although the mechanisms are poorly understood. Similar sequelae occur after fetal uninephrectomy (uni-x) in sheep, leading to a 30% nephron deficit. We hypothesized that renal dysfunction is underpinned by a reduced contribution of nitric oxide (NO) and vascular dysfunction in uni-x sheep.

Cu3Sn - understanding the systematic absences.

The intermetallic compound Cu3Sn has previously been described as a long-period antiphase boundary superstructure of the Cu3Ti structure type. While the compound itself has been reported as a tenfold and an eightfold superstructure, ternary doped alloys show shorter repetitions. Interestingly, the diffraction patterns of these compounds show non-crystallographic absences that cannot be explained using the superstructure models.

Hip joint replacement using monofilament polypropylene surgical mesh: an animal model.

Hip joint dysplasia is a deformation of the articular elements (pelvic acetabulum, head of the femur, and/or ligament of the head of the femur) leading to laxity of the hip components and dislocation of the femoral head from the pelvic acetabulum. Diagnosis is based on symptoms observed during clinical and radiological examinations. There are two treatment options: conservative and surgical.

Predictive power of UKCAT and other pre-admission measures for performance in a medical school in Glasgow: a cohort study.

Background: The UK Clinical Aptitude Test (UKCAT) and its four subtests are currently used by 24 Medical and Dental Schools in the UK for admissions. This longitudinal study examines the predictive validity of UKCAT for final performance in the undergraduate medical degree programme at one Medical School and compares this with the predictive validity of the selection measures available pre-UKCAT.

Methods: This was a retrospective observational study of one cohort of students, admitted to Glasgow Medical School in 2007.

Animal models to assess the local and systemic effects of nailing: review of the literature and considerations for future studies.

Background: Numerous experimental studies have been performed to investigate the adverse effects of reamed versus unreamed nailing in isolated or combined trauma models. However, the translational relevance is still discussed controversially.

Methods And Results: A systemic review of the literature was performed.

Induced hypothermia reduces the hepatic inflammatory response in a swine multiple trauma model.

Background: Mild therapeutic hypothermia following trauma has been introduced in several studies to reduce the posttraumatic inflammation and organ injury. In this study, we analyzed the effects of induced mild hypothermia (34°C) on the inflammation of the shock organs liver and kidney.

Methods: In a porcine model of multiple trauma including blunt chest trauma, liver laceration, and hemorrhagic shock followed by fluid resuscitation, the influence of induced hypothermia on hepatic and renal damage and organ-specific inflammation were evaluated.

Maternal high-fat diet induces follicular atresia but does not affect fertility in adult rabbit offspring.

Alterations to the metabolic environment in utero can have an impact on subsequent female reproductive performance. Here, we used a model of rabbits receiving a high-fat diet (H diet; 7.7% fat and 0.

Differential pattern for regulating insulin secretion, insulin resistance, and lipid metabolism by osteocalcin in male and female T2DM patients.

Background: Osteocalcin has been reported to be relevant to glucose and lipid metabolism, indicating it may stimulate insulin secretion and improve insulin resistance. Yet the difference between male and female patients is still not clear. We aimed to investigate the difference in serum osteocalcin, and its association with glucose, lipid metabolism, pancreatic function, insulin sensitivity, and resistance in male and female middle-aged and elderly type 2 diabetic (T2DM) patients.

Evidence that diet-induced hyperleptinemia, but not hypothalamic gliosis, causes ghrelin resistance in NPY/AgRP neurons of male mice.

High-fat diet (HFD) feeding causes ghrelin resistance in arcuate neuropeptide Y (NPY)/Agouti-related peptide neurons. In the current study, we investigated the time course over which this occurs and the mechanisms responsible for ghrelin resistance. After 3 weeks of HFD feeding, neither peripheral nor central ghrelin increased food intake and or activated NPY neurons as demonstrated by a lack of Fos immunoreactivity or whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology.

Circulating microRNA profiling identifies a subset of metastatic prostate cancer patients with evidence of cancer-associated hypoxia.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small (∼22 nucleotide) non-coding RNAs that regulate a myriad of biological processes and are frequently dysregulated in cancer. Cancer-associated microRNAs have been detected in serum and plasma and hold promise as minimally invasive cancer biomarkers, potentially for assessing disease characteristics in patients with metastatic disease that is difficult to biopsy. Here we used miRNA profiling to identify cancer-associated miRNAs that are differentially expressed in sera from patients with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) as compared to healthy controls.