Targeting H3N2 influenza: advancements in treatment and vaccine strategies.

Introduction: The emergence of the H3N2 influenza virus in 1968 marked a significant event as it crossed the species barrier. This shift led to a pandemic, resulting in the deaths of one million people globally and highlighting the virus's severe impact on older individuals due to antigenic drift.

Area Covered: This review comprehensively examines the virological characteristics, evolutionary trends, and global epidemiology of the Influenza A (H3N2) virus.

Leveraging Multi-Omics Approaches and Advanced Technologies to Unravel the Molecular Complexities, Modifiers, and Precision Medicine Strategies for Hemoglobin H Disease.

Hemoglobin H (HbH) disease, a form of alpha-thalassemia, poses significant clinical challenges due to its complex molecular underpinnings. It is characterized by reduced synthesis of the alpha-globin chain. The integration of multi-omics and precision medicine holds immense potential to comprehensively understand and capture interactions at the molecular and genetic levels.

Overview of processed excipients in ocular drug delivery: Opportunities so far and bottlenecks.

Ocular drug delivery presents a unique set of challenges owing to the complex anatomy and physiology of the eye. Processed excipients have emerged as crucial components in overcoming these challenges and improving the efficacy and safety of ocular drug delivery systems. This comprehensive overview examines the opportunities that processed excipients offer in enhancing drug delivery to the eye.

Development and Characterization of Modified Chitosan Lipopolyplex for an Effective siRNA Delivery.

Cytotoxicity, speedy degradation, and limited cellular absorption are the foremost features influencing the successful delivery of RNAs. Chitosan (Cs) is a polymer that offers an advantage due to its bio-compatibility and biodegradable nature, making it an ideal polycationic vector for delivering siRNA. In this study, chitosan has been modified with arginine in order to increase its encapsulation of siRNA and improve cellular absorption.

Analysis of RNA Interference Targeted Against Human Antigen R (HuR) to Reduce Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Protein Expression in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells.

VEGF-A or vascular endothelial growth factor-A is an important factor in enabling neovascularization and angiogenesis. VEGF-A is regulated transcriptionally as well as post transcriptionally. Human antigen R (HuR) belonging to the embryonic lethal abnormal vision (ELAV) family is a key regulator promoting stabilization of VEGF-A mRNA.

Advanced targeted drug delivery by bioengineered white blood cell-membrane camouflaged nanoparticulate delivery nanostructures.

Targeted drug delivery has emerged as a pivotal approach within precision medicine, aiming to optimize therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic side effects. Leukocyte membrane coated nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted a lot of interest as an effective approach for delivering targeted drugs, capitalizing on the natural attributes of leukocytes to achieve site-specific accumulation, and heightened therapeutic outcomes. An overview of the present state of the targeted medication delivery research is given in this review.

Novel Approaches to Control Diabetes.

Diabetes is a chronic, long-term, incurable, but controllable condition. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia that results from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. People who have diabetes often experience a variety of symptoms, including blurry vision, excessive thirst, fatigue, frequent urination, hunger, and weight loss.

A Comprehensive review on Pharmacokinetic Studies of Vaccines: Impact of delivery route, carrier-and its modulation on immune response.

The lack of knowledge about the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of vaccines makes former biopharmaceutical optimization difficult. This was shown during the COVID-19 immunization campaign, where gradual booster doses were introduced..

Corrigendum: Formulation and development of transferrin targeted solid lipid nanoparticles for breast cancer therapy.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.

"Nanodecoys" - Future of drug delivery by encapsulating nanoparticles in natural cell membranes.

Biomimetic nanotechnology could serve as an advancement in the domain of drug delivery and diagnosis with the application of natural cell membrane or synthetically-derived membrane nanoparticles (NPs). These biomimetic NPs endow significant therapeutic and diagnostic efficacy by their unique properties, such as immune invasion and better targeting ability. Additionally, these NPs have a unique ability to retain the inherent properties of cell membrane and membrane's intrinsic functionalities, which helps them to exhibit superior therapeutic effects.

Structure-Based Drug Design and Development of Novel Synthetic Compounds with Anti-Viral Property against SARS-COV-2.

Background: The world is suffering from health and economic devastation due to the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Given the number of people affected and also the death rate, the virus is definitely a serious threat to humanity. The novel replication mechanism of the coronavirus is likely well understood, similar to prior studies on the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) virus.

The rise in cases of mucormycosis, candidiasis and aspergillosis amidst COVID19.

The Coronavirus outbreak globally has changed the medical system and also led to a shortage of medical facilities in both developing and underdeveloped countries. The COVID19 disease, being novel in nature along with high infectivity and frequent mutational rate, has been termed to be fatal across the globe. The advent of infection by SARS-CoV-2 has brought a myriad of secondary complications and comorbidities resulting in additional challenges to the health care system induced by novel therapeutic procedures.

Formulation and Development of Transferrin Targeted Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Breast Cancer Therapy.

Breast cancer is conventionally treated by surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy followed by post operational hormonal therapy. Tamoxifen citrate is a best option to treat breast cancer because its selective estrogen receptor modulation activity. Owing to its antiestrogenic action on breast as well as uterine cells, Tamoxifen citrate shows uterine toxicity.

Docking structurally similar analogues: Dealing with the false-positive.

Analogue design forms one of the mainstays of new drug discovery. A fast-follow on approach is commonly used by modern day drug discoverers on the quest of the best in class. Monitoring close structural analogues of the pioneering drug by an algorithm such as docking is fraught with the risk of returning false positives.

Extended release delivery system of metoprolol succinate using hot-melt extrusion: effect of release modifier on methacrylic acid copolymer.

The current study reports on the manufacturing of extended release dosage forms of metoprolol succinate via hot-melt extrusion (HME) technology. Either Eudragit®S100 and Eudragit®L100 alone or in combination with release modifying agent Polyox™ WSR 303 and Eudragit®L100-55 were processed to obtain complete and faster release. Metoprolol succinate with similar solubility parameters to polymer was dispersed in polymer matrix and was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Macrophage Targeted Cellular Carriers for Effective Delivery of Anti-Tubercular Drugs.

Background: Newly developed vaccine VPM1002 confers paradigm swing in the prophylactic treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Multi-drug resistant and latent TB in adults as well as in underprivileged patients is instigating menace over world population if the host is immune-compromised.

Methods: One third of the world's population is infected with TB.

Solid crystal suspension of Efavirenz using hot melt extrusion: Exploring the role of crystalline polyols in improving solubility and dissolution rate.

Poor aqueous solubility of drugs has emerged as a major issue for pharmaceutical scientists from many decades. The current study explores the manufacture and development of a thermodynamically stabilized solid crystal suspension (SCS) of poorly water soluble drug efavirenz via hot melt extrusion. Efavirenz is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and belongs to BCS class II.

Nanoemulsion-Based Transdermal Drug Delivery System for the Treatment of Tuberculosis.

Background: The nanoemulsion based carriers are the most suitable delivery systems for poorly soluble drugs to improve the drugs solubility, permeation of drugs and ultimately increase bioavailability by transdermal therapeutic system. The nanoemulsion for poorly soluble drugs is admirable and offered several advantages over others drug delivery.

Methods: For nanoemulsions formulation, they have to deliver the energetic element at the specific organ with nominal uneasiness.

Advanced surface chemical analysis of continuously manufactured drug loaded composite pellets.

The aim of the present study was to develop and characterise polymeric composite pellets by means of continuous melt extrusion techniques. Powder blends of a steroid hormone (SH) as a model drug and either ethyl cellulose (EC N10 and EC P7 grades) or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC AS grade) as polymeric carrier were extruded using a Pharma 11mm twin screw extruder in a continuous mode of operation to manufacture extruded composite pellets of 1mm length. Molecular modelling study using commercial Gaussian 09 software outlined a possible drug-polymer interaction in the molecular level to develop solid dispersions of the drug in the pellets.

Hot melt extrusion based solid solution approach: Exploring polymer comparison, physicochemical characterization and in-vivo evaluation.

The objective of this study was to develop solid solution (SSL) using hot-melt extrusion as a continuous manufacturing method. Powder blends of artesunate (ARS) a water insoluble drug with either Soluplus (SOL) or Kollidon VA64 (VA64) and additives in the form of surfactants or plasticizers were extruded to manufacture extrudes. The incorporation of surfactant or plasticizers facilitates smooth extrusion processing of the drug-excipient blend which directly reduced the residence time to form extrudes and works as parameter to control flow of the drug-excipients melt inside the extruder barrel.

Development of hot melt co-formulated antimalarial solid dispersion system in fixed dose form (ARLUMELT): Evaluating amorphous state and in vivo performance.

The aim of this study was to investigate the industrial feasibility of developing a co-formulated solid dispersion (SD) containing two antimalarial drugs artemether (ARTM) and lumefantrine (LUMF). Soluplus(®) (polyethyleneglycol-polyvinyl caprolactam-polyvinyl acetate grafted copolymer) was used as primary carrier matrices via hot-melt extrusion processing to improve solubility profile and the oral bioavailability of the combination. Based on the preliminary screening, the optimized quantities of PEG 400, Lutrol F127 and Lutrol F68 were incorporated as surfactant with soluplus in different ratios to improve extrudability, increase wettability and the melt viscosity of the HME process.

Development and evaluation of anti-malarial bio-conjugates: artesunate-loaded nanoerythrosomes.

Biodegradable cellular carrier has desired properties for achieving effective long-term controlled release of drugs having short half life. To reduce the undesired effects of drug, advanced drug delivery systems are needed which are based on specific cell targeting module. Artesunate (ART) conjugation on nanoerythrosomes (NE) can have controlled delivery to avoid drug leakage, increase the stability, and reduce cost and toxicities.

Biodegradable long circulating cellular carrier for antimalarial drug pyrimethamine.

Objective: The objective of the present study was to develop targeted engineered nanoerythrosomes based intravenous formulation of antimalarial drug pyrimethamine.

Material And Methods: The nanoerythrosomes formulation was developed by sonication method and optimized for effective drug loading at variable drug concentration, surface morphology, viscosity and sedimentation volume.

Results: The in vitro drug release of formulated product was found to be delayed after 8 hours, having good stability at 4 ± 1°C and showing controlled in vivo release.