Orthopaedic Sports Injuries in an Aging Population: Current Trends and Future Projections.

Background: The elderly US population is growing quickly and staying active longer. However, there is limited information on sports-related injuries in older adults.

Hypotheses: (1) National estimate and incidence of sports-related orthopaedic injuries in the US elderly population have increased over the last 10 years, (2) types and causes of sports-related injuries in the elderly have changed, and (3) elderly sports-related injuries will increase more than the number of treating physicians by 2040.

Digital Representation of Patients as Medical Digital Twins: Data-Centric Viewpoint.

Precision medicine involves a paradigm shift toward personalized data-driven clinical decisions. The concept of a medical "digital twin" has recently become popular to designate digital representations of patients as a support for a wide range of data science applications. However, the concept is ambiguous when it comes to practical implementations.

Use of the FHTHWA Index as a Novel Approach for Predicting the Incidence of Diabetes in a Japanese Population Without Diabetes: Data Analysis Study.

Background: Many tools have been developed to predict the risk of diabetes in a population without diabetes; however, these tools have shortcomings that include the omission of race, inclusion of variables that are not readily available to patients, and low sensitivity or specificity.

Objective: We aimed to develop and validate an easy, systematic index for predicting diabetes risk in the Asian population.

Methods: We collected the data from the NAGALA (NAfld [nonalcoholic fatty liver disease] in the Gifu Area, Longitudinal Analysis) database.

Exploration of cognitive flexibility and emotion recognition in adolescents with eating disorders.

Objectives: This study compared cognitive flexibility (CF) and emotion recognition (ER) in adolescents with eating disorders (ED) to a healthy group.

Methods: Forty healthy individuals aged 12-18 years with no psychiatric diagnosis and 46 patients diagnosed with anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), or binge eating disorder (BED) according to DSM-5 criteria participated. CF was assessed using the Cognitive Flexibility Scale (CFS), Stroop Test, and Berg Card Sorting Test (BCST), while ER was evaluated using the test of perception of affect via nonverbal cues.

Antifungal-drug interactions in oncology: A cross-sectional study highlighting the role of pharmacists.

Study Objective: Complex pharmacotherapy in cancer patients increases the likelihood of drug-drug interactions (DDIs). Pharmacists play a critical role in the identification and management of DDIs. The aim of present study was to evaluate the role of pharmacist in identifying antifungal drug interactions in cancer patients and providing relevant recommendations.

Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales infection and colonization in patients with severe burns: a retrospective cohort study in a single burn center.

Background: Clinical characteristics and outcomes of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) infection and colonization have rarely been reported in patients with severe burns, who are prone to severe bacterial infections. This study aimed to evaluate clinical characteristics and outcomes of CRE infection and colonization in patients with severe burns.

Methods: The characteristics of 106 episodes of CRE acquisition (infection or colonization) in 98 patients with severe burns were evaluated by a retrospective medical record review.

Longitudinal assessment of diffusion-weighted imaging during magnetic resonance-guided radiotherapy in head and neck cancer.

Background: For radiotherapy of head and neck cancer (HNC) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a pivotal role due to its high soft tissue contrast. Moreover, it offers the potential to acquire functional information through diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) with the potential to personalize treatment. The aim of this study was to acquire repetitive DWI during the course of online adaptive radiotherapy on an 1.

Musculoskeletal adverse events associated with CDK4/6 inhibitors: a real-world study using FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.

Objective: Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-4/6 inhibitors have significantly improved outcomes in several cancers but can also induce various organ system toxicities, including musculoskeletal disorders. This study aimed to comprehensively characterize the musculoskeletal adverse events (MSAEs) associated with CDK4/6 inhibitors based on real-world data.

Methods: Reports of MSAEs linked to CDK4/6 inhibitors from the first quarter (Q1) of 2015 and 2023 Q4 were extracted from the FAERS.

Evaluation of Lyso-Gb1 as a biomarker for Gaucher disease treatment outcomes using data from the Gaucher Outcome Survey.

Background: Patients with Gaucher disease (GD) require continual monitoring; however, lack of specific disease biomarkers was a significant challenge in the past. Glucosylsphingosine (lyso-Gb1) has been shown to be a reliable, key, specific, and sensitive biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response in clinical studies of patients with GD. We evaluated the change in lyso-Gb1 concentration over time following enzyme replacement therapy in patients with confirmed GD using real-world data from the Gaucher Outcome Survey disease registry.

EZH2 inhibition induces pyroptosis via RHA-mediated S100A9 overexpression in myelodysplastic syndromes.

Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) represent a group of heterogeneous myeloid clonal diseases derived from aberrant hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is an important regulator in gene expression through methyltransferase-dependent or methyltransferase-independent mechanisms. Herein, we found EZH2 inhibition led to MDS cell pyroptosis through RNA Helicase A (RHA) down-regulation induced overexpression of S100A9, a key regulator of inflammasome activation and pyroptosis.

Comprehensive analysis of the interaction microbiome and prostate cancer: an initial exploration from multi-cohort metagenome and GWAS studies.

Introduction: Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in the United States with a high mortality rate. In recent years, the traditional opinion about prostate microbiome was challenged. Although there still are some arguments, an escalating number of researchers are shifting their focus toward the microbiome within the prostate tumor environment.

A novel compound heterozygous mutation in the DYNC2H1 gene in a Chinese family with Jeune syndrome.

Background: The dynein cytoplasmic two heavy chain 1 (DYNC2H1) gene encodes a cytoplasmic dynein subunit. Cytoplasmic dyneins transport cargo towards the minus end of microtubules and are thus termed the "retrograde" cellular motor. Mutations in DYNC2H1 are the main causative mutations of short rib-thoracic dysplasia syndrome type III with or without polydactyly (SRTD3).

Development and application of a clinical core data set for deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease, dystonia or tremor: from data collection to data exchange and data sharing.

Background: Comprehensive clinical data regarding factors influencing the individual disease course of patients with movement disorders treated with deep brain stimulation might help to better understand disease progression and to develop individualized treatment approaches.

Methods: The clinical core data set was developed by a multidisciplinary working group within the German transregional collaborative research network ReTune. The development followed standardized methodology comprising review of available evidence, a consensus process and performance of the first phase of the study.

Prospective multi-centre analysis of rural trauma team development training for medical trainees and traffic law enforcement professionals in Uganda: an interrupted time series study.

Background: Research shows that trauma team formation could potentially improve effectiveness of injury care in rural settings. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of rural trauma team training amongst medical trainees and traffic law enforcement professionals in Uganda.

Methods: Prospective multi-centre interrupted time series analysis of an interventional training based on the 4th edition of rural trauma team development course of the American College of Surgeons.

Exploring the role of oxidative stress in carotid atherosclerosis: insights from transcriptomic data and single-cell sequencing combined with machine learning.

Background: Carotid atherosclerotic plaque is the primary cause of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. It is closely related to oxidative stress and immune inflammation. This bioinformatic study was conducted to identify key oxidative stress-related genes and key immune cell infiltration involved in the formation, progression, and stabilization of plaques and investigate the relationship between them.

Association of systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) with risk of psoriasis: a cross-sectional analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2014.

Background: The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) is an emerging marker of inflammation, and the onset of psoriasis is associated with inflammation. The aim of our study was to investigate the potential impact of SII on the incidence rate of adult psoriasis.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014 data sets.

Periprosthetic femoral fractures in minimally-invasive anterolateral short stem versus transgluteal straight stem cementless total hip arthroplasty: What are the differences in the femoral and pelvic morphology?

Background: The occurrence of periprosthetic femoral fractures (PFFs) in cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA) might be associated with the proximal femoral morphology and the pelvis. PFFs in short stem THA are associated with an increased Canal Flare Index. PFFs in straight stem THA show a decreased Canal Flare Index.

Long non-coding RNA Malat1 modulates CXCR4 expression to regulate the interaction between induced neural stem cells and microglia following closed head injury.

Background: Closed head injury (CHI) provokes a prominent neuroinflammation that may lead to long-term health consequences. Microglia plays pivotal and complex roles in neuroinflammation-mediated neuronal insult and repair following CHI. We previously reported that induced neural stem cells (iNSCs) can block the effects of CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling on NF-κB activation in activated microglia by CXCR4 overexpression.

Alpha/beta values in pediatric medulloblastoma: implications for tailored approaches in radiation oncology.

Background: Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor, typically treated with normofractionated craniospinal irradiation (CSI) with an additional boost over about 6 weeks in children older than 3 years. This study investigates the sensitivity of pediatric medulloblastoma cell lines to different radiation fractionation schedules. While extensively studied in adult tumors, these ratios remain unknown in pediatric cases due to the rarity of the disease.

Physical activity during summer and recognition of heatstroke prevention among patients with cardiovascular disease in an urban area of Japan: a descriptive study.

Objective: Patients with cardiovascular disease are considered a high-risk population for heat-related illnesses. This study aimed to describe the difference in physical activity between summer and fall among patients with cardiovascular disease and their recognition of heatstroke prevention in an urban area with high temperature conditions.

Results: We enrolled 56 outpatients who participated in cardiac rehabilitation in the summer of 2022 (median age, 75 years [interquartile range, 68-80]).

Unveiling new therapeutic horizons in rheumatoid arthritis: an In-depth exploration of circular RNAs derived from plasma exosomes.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic inflammatory joint disease causing permanent disability, involves exosomes, nanosized mammalian extracellular particles. Circular RNA (circRNA) serves as a biomarker in RA blood samples. This research screened differentially expressed circRNAs in RA patient plasma exosomes for novel diagnostic biomarkers.

The parental care-seeking behavior of children with osteogenesis imperfecta based on the Anderson's model: a qualitative study.

Objective: This study aims to analyze the medical-seeking behavior of Osteogenesis Imperfecta(OI) children in Southwest China, summarize and analyze the issues in their medical process, and propose corresponding improvement strategies.

Methods: A phenomenological study involving semi-structured interviews with 20 OI caregivers at a tertiary centre for children from March to August 2021 was analyzed thematically, following Anderson's model.

Results: We identified eight themes in the data: 1)Regional disparities of OI management, 2)Big economic burden, 3)High-risk population, 4)Lack of health education, 5)Multiple treatments,6)Strict treatment indications,7)Disappointing therapeutic outcomes,8)Effective or ineffective treatment results.

Catlet scoring system as a new predictor for in-stent restenosis in patients with chronic coronary artery disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stent.

Background: He's team have recently developed a new Coronary Artery Tree description and Lesion EvaluaTion (CatLet) angiographic scoring system, which is capable of accounting for the variability in coronary anatomy, and risk-stratifying patients with coronary artery disease. Preliminary studies have demonstrated its superiority over the the Synergy between percutaneous coronary intervention with Taxus and Cardiac Surgery (SYNTAX) score with respect to outcome predictions for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients. However, there are fewer studies on the prognostic in chronic coronary artery disease(CAD).

Trehalose enhances macrophage autophagy to promote myelin debris clearance after spinal cord injury.

Background: Myelin-laden foamy macrophages accumulate extensively in the lesion epicenter, exhibiting characteristics of autophagolysosomal dysfunction, which leads to prolonged inflammatory responses after spinal cord injury (SCI). Trehalose, known for its neuroprotective properties as an autophagy inducer, has yet to be fully explored for its potential to mitigate foamy macrophage formation and exert therapeutic effects in the context of SCI.

Results: We observed that trehalose significantly enhances macrophage phagocytosis and clearance of myelin in a dose-dependent manner in vitro.

Validating a clinically based MS-MLPA threshold through comparison with Sanger sequencing in glioblastoma patients.

Background: Glioblastoma is the commonest malignant brain tumor and has a very poor prognosis. Reduced expression of the MGMT gene (10q26.3), influenced primarily by the methylation of two differentially methylated regions (DMR1 and DMR2), is associated with a good response to temozolomide treatment.