The influence of positive and negative intraoperative feedback in laparoscopic simulation in pediatric urology training.

Background And Objective: This study aimed to explore the impact of positive or negative feedback on the performance of trainees in pediatric urology during simulation exercises in pediatric laparoscopy.

Methods: Twenty-five students enrolled in a national Pediatric Urology Laparoscopy Simulation participated in the study. They performed the Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery (FLS) skills, specifically peg-transfer and intracorporeal knot-tying, in a randomized study design while receiving positive or negative feedback from an attending pediatric urologist.

Engagement in Preexposure Prophylaxis Care at 1 Year Among Men Who Have Sex With Men Enrolled in the French ANRS PREVENIR Cohort Study.

Background: We evaluated 1-year engagement in pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) care and associated factors among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) in a large cohort of oral PrEP users in the Paris region, France.

Methods: We included in this analysis cisgender GBMSM enrolled in the ANRS PREVENIR cohort study from 3 May 2017 to 28 February 2019. We categorized 1-year PrEP engagement into 4 categories: high (consistent visits, attendance, and prescription refills at months 3, 6, 9, and 12), low (missed visits or no prescription refills), disengagement (PrEP discontinuation), and lost to follow-up.

Induced Sputum: A Valuable Tool for Assessing Cellular and Microbiological Characteristics in Cystic Fibrosis Expectorating Teenagers.

Introduction: Cellular characteristics of induced sputum (IS) are not investigated in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients.

Objectives: This pilot study, conducted on 17 expectorating CF adolescents, compared sputa obtained the same day, in a stable period, by autogenic drainage (expectorating sputum, ES) and 4 h later after inhaling hypertonic saline (IS).

Results: No difference was noted concerning weight, volume, and percentage of dead cells between the two collection methods.

Antipsychotic Drug Prescribing in Children Previously Treated With Stimulants for ADHD: A Population-Based Longitudinal Study: La prescription d'antipsychotiques chez les enfants précédemment traités avec des stimulants pour le TDAH : une étude longitudinale basée sur la population.

Objective: Stimulant drug treatment in preschool-age children for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as well as the concomitant use of antipsychotic drugs is largely unstudied in terms of longitudinal outcomes. We characterized longitudinal patterns of stimulant drug use in children diagnosed for ADHD and analyzed the mental health disorders leading to add-on therapy with antipsychotics.

Method: The study population comprised of children and adolescents (age: 0-19 years) in the province of British Columbia (BC), Canada, with at least one dispensing for any psychotropic drug between 1997 and 2017 ( = 144,825).

Chapter 7: CLINICAL FORMS AT DIFFERENT AGES OF LIFE: CHILDHOOD, PREGNANCY, LACTATION, OLD AGE.

Primary hyperparathyroidism is rare in children. A germline mutation is identified in half of all children with primary hyperparathyroidism (70% of newborns and infants, and 40% of children and adolescents). The clinical manifestations of primary hyperparathyroidism in children are highly variable (often absent in newborns, rather severe and symptomatic in children and adolescents) and depend on the genetic cause, as well as the severity, rapidity of onset and duration of hypercalcemia.

Mutations disrupting the kinase domain of IKKα lead to immunodeficiency and immune dysregulation in humans.

IKKα, encoded by CHUK, is crucial in the non-canonical NF-κB pathway and part of the IKK complex activating the canonical pathway alongside IKKβ. The absence of IKKα causes fetal encasement syndrome in humans, fatal in utero, while an impaired IKKα-NIK interaction was reported in a single patient and causes combined immunodeficiency. Here, we describe compound heterozygous variants in the kinase domain of IKKα in a female patient with hypogammaglobulinemia, recurrent lung infections, and Hay-Wells syndrome-like features.

[Recommendations for clinical practice: Prevention and management of varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection during pregnancy and the perinatal period (extended version)].

The Société de Pathologie Infectieuse de Langue Française released in 2024 a new national recommendation for clinical practice on the prevention and management of varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection during pregnancy and the perinatal period. The previous recommendation was issued in 1998, at a time of anti-VZV immunoglobulins shortage; it has hence become obsolete. This recommendation is a formalized expert consensus focusing on infectious diseases management; it is drawn up by a multidisciplinary working group (infectiologists, obstetricians, pediatricians, microbiologists, midwives, hygienists).

SLC10A7 regulates O-GalNAc glycosylation and Ca homeostasis in the secretory pathway: insights into SLC10A7-CDG.

Glycans are known to be fundamental for many cellular and physiological functions. Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) currently encompassing over 160 subtypes, are characterized by glycan synthesis and/or processing defects. Despite the increasing number of CDG patients, therapeutic options remain very limited as our knowledge on glycan synthesis is fragmented.

High Intensity Physician-Based Service Use for Mental Health Concerns in a General-Population Sample of Children and Youth: Utilisation des services de haute intensité dispensés par des médecins pour les problèmes de santé mentale dans un échantillon d'enfants et de jeunes de la population générale.

Objective: To examine factors associated with high intensity physician-based mental health care services in a population-based sample of children and youth in Ontario, Canada.

Methods: Data from the 2014 Ontario Child Health Study (OCHS) were linked at the person-level to longitudinal health administrative databases containing physician contacts in outpatient settings, emergency departments and hospitals. Our analytical sample (15.

Prevalence of anxiety symptoms and associated factors at 2 months postpartum, results from a 2021 French national prospective cohort study.

Background: Postpartum anxiety (PPA) symptoms have harmful effects on child development and mother-infant interactions. Accordingly, in-depth knowledge of associated risk factors is crucial for prevention policies. This study aimed to estimate PPA symptom prevalence at 2 months and to identify associated risk factors in a representative sample of all women who gave birth in France in 2021, and in two subgroups: women with no postpartum depression (PPD) symptoms, and those with no history of mental health care.

[Vaccination of children and adolescents treated for acute leukemia, excluding HSCT recipients: Recommendations of the French Society for Childhood and Adolescent Cancer and Leukemia (SFCE)].

Children and adolescents who are being treated or have been treated for acute leukemia have a secondary immunodeficiency linked to chemotherapy, resulting in an increased risk of infections. Some of which can be prevented by vaccination but its effectiveness is not optimal during chemotherapy. Upon cessation of chemotherapy, the time required for immune reconstitution varies from three months to more than a year, depending on lymphocyte subpopulations, the patient's age, and the intensity of the treatment received.

Prenatal Hemoglobin Concentration and Long-Term Child Neurocognitive Development.

Anemia in pregnancy, defined by a hemoglobin level (Hb) of less than 110 g/L, contributes to infant mortality and morbidity in sub-Saharan Africa. Maternal Hb changes physiologically and pathologically during pregnancy. However, the impact of these changes on long-term child neurocognitive function is unknown.

A common form of dominant human IFNAR1 deficiency impairs IFN-α and -ω but not IFN-β-dependent immunity.

Autosomal recessive deficiency of the IFNAR1 or IFNAR2 chain of the human type I IFN receptor abolishes cellular responses to IFN-α, -β, and -ω, underlies severe viral diseases, and is globally very rare, except for IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 deficiency in Western Polynesia and the Arctic, respectively. We report 11 human IFNAR1 alleles, the products of which impair but do not abolish responses to IFN-α and -ω without affecting responses to IFN-β. Ten of these alleles are rare in all populations studied, but the remaining allele (P335del) is common in Southern China (minor allele frequency ≈2%).

Prioritisation of infectious diseases from a public health perspective: a multi-criteria decision analysis study, France, 2024.

BackgroundWithin the International Health Regulations framework, the French High Council for Public Health was mandated in 2022 by health authorities to establish a list of priority infectious diseases for public health, surveillance and research in mainland and overseas France.AimOur objective was to establish this list.MethodsA multi-criteria decision analysis was used, as recommended by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control.

Circulatory response to exercise relative to oxygen uptake assessed in the follow-up of patients with fatty acid beta-oxidation disorders.

Patients with fatty acid oxidation disorders (FAODs) experience muscle symptoms due to impaired ATP metabolism and the toxicity of accumulated mitochondrial FAO substrates or intermediates, especially during catabolic states. A major issue is the absence of specific and sensible biomarkers to evaluate metabolic equilibrium. The relationship between cardiac output (Q) and oxygen consumption (VO) during incremental exercise (dQ/dVO) provides an indirect surrogate of mitochondrial function.

Fc-Afucosylation of VAR2CSA-Specific Immunoglobulin G and Clinical Immunity to Placental Plasmodium falciparum Malaria.

Background: Acquired immunity to Plasmodium falciparum malaria is mainly mediated by immunoglobulin G (IgG) targeting erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1). These adhesins mediate infected erythrocyte (IE) sequestration, protecting IEs from splenic destruction. PfEMP1-specific IgG is therefore thought to protect mainly by inhibiting IE sequestration.

Heterozygous BTNL8 variants in individuals with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C).

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a rare condition following SARS-CoV-2 infection associated with intestinal manifestations. Genetic predisposition, including inborn errors of the OAS-RNAseL pathway, has been reported. We sequenced 154 MIS-C patients and utilized a novel statistical framework of gene burden analysis, "burdenMC," which identified an enrichment for rare predicted-deleterious variants in BTNL8 (OR = 4.