Pharmacological Countermeasures for Long-Duration Space Missions: Addressing Cardiovascular Challenges and Advancing Space-Adapted Healthcare.

Future long-duration crewed space missions beyond Low Earth Orbit (LEO) will bring new healthcare challenges for astronauts for which pharmacological countermeasures (pharmacological countermeasures) are crucial. This paper highlights current pharmacological countermeasures challenges described in the ESA SciSpacE Roadmap, with a focus on the cardiovascular system as a model to demonstrate the potential implication of the challenges and recommendations. New pharmacological approaches and procedures need to be adapted to spaceflight (spaceflight) conditions, including ethical and reglementary considerations.

Infections in Immunocompromised Patients Without HIV: Case Series of Solid Organ Transplant Patients and Literature Review.

Background: infection is rare and can occur in immunocompromised patients without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

Methods: We describe 2 cases of infection in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients, and we performed a literature review of immunocompromised patients without HIV.

Results: Fifty-two cases are reported.

Risks and Benefits of Prophylactic Transfusion before Cholecystectomy in Sickle Cell Disease.

Preoperative transfusion (PT) reduces acute postoperative vaso-occlusive events (VOE) in sickle cell disease (SCD), but exposes patients to alloimmunization, encouraging a recent trend towards transfusion sparing. The aim of this study was to investigate the benefit-risk ratio of PT before cholecystectomy on the occurrence of postoperative VOE. Adult SCD patients who underwent cholecystectomy between 2008 and 2019 in our center were included.

Facial Trauma 8 years after a Face Transplantation.

Over the past 20 years, vascularized composite allografts (VCAs) have emerged as a realistic option in reconstructive surgery. Long-term follow-up reports indicate that face transplant patients have gained in quality of life and social integration. However, they require close monitoring of their immunosuppressive therapy because they are at high-risk for acute rejection episodes, leading eventually to chronic rejection and allograft loss.

Local treatment of pancreatic cancer metastases: A multicenter French study of the AGEO group.

Objective: This study reports the efficacy and safety of local treatment of metastases of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), with a curative intent.

Methods: We retrospectively included patients with histologically proven PDAC, who underwent a local treatment for metastases between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2017, from 11 French hospitals. Complications of local treatment were reported.

Reconstruction of post-burn anterior neck contractures using a butterfly design free anterolateral thigh perforator flap.

Anterior neck burns represent a major reconstructive challenge due to severe sequalae including restriction in movement and poor aesthetic outcomes. Common treatment options include skin grafting with/without dermal matrices, and loco-regional and distant free flap transfers with/without prior tissue expansion. Such variation in technique is largely influenced by the extent of burn injury requiring resurfacing.

Reconstruction of a dorsal thoracic wall defect with a dorsal intercostal artery perforator flap after removal of a bulky cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: a case report.

Introduction: Surgical reconstruction of large soft tissue defects of the upper back is challenging. Although the usefulness of free perforator flaps has been demonstrated, local options remain limited. The dorsal intercostal artery perforator flap was recently described but its use is still uncommon.

Discriminative and Quantitative Analysis of Antineoplastic Taxane Drugs Using a Handheld Raman Spectrometer.

This study was conducted to evaluate the ability of Raman spectroscopy (RS) to control antineoplastic preparations used for chemotherapy in order to ensure its physical and chemical qualities. Three taxane drugs: cabazitaxel (CBX), docetaxel (DCX) and paclitaxel (PCX) at therapeutic concentration ranges were analyzed using a handheld spectrometer at 785 nm. Qualitative and quantitative models were developed and optimized using a calibration set (n=75 per drug) by partial least square discriminant analysis and regression and validated using a test set (n=27 per drug).

Optimization of classification and regression analysis of four monoclonal antibodies from Raman spectra using collaborative machine learning approach.

The use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) constitutes one of the most important strategies to treat patients suffering from cancers such as hematological malignancies and solid tumors. These antibodies are prescribed by the physician and prepared by hospital pharmacists. An analytical control enables the quality of the preparations to be ensured.

Rapid discrimination and quantification analysis of five antineoplastic drugs in aqueous solutions using Raman spectroscopy.

The aim of this study was to assess the ability of Raman spectroscopy to discriminate and quantify five antineoplastic drugs in an aqueous matrix at low concentrations before patient administration. Five antineoplastic drugs were studied at therapeutic concentrations in aqueous 0.9% sodium chloride: 5-fluorouracil (5FU), gemcitabine (GEM), cyclophophamide (CYCLO), ifosfamide (IFOS) and doxorubicin (DOXO).

Discrimination and quantification of two isomeric antineoplastic drugs by rapid and non-invasive analytical control using a handheld Raman spectrometer.

Raman spectroscopy is a rapid, non-destructive and non-invasive method that is a promising tool for real-time analytical control of drug concentrations. This study evaluated a handheld Raman device to discriminate and quantify two isomeric drugs used to treat cancer. Doxorubicin (DOXO) and epirubicin (EPIR) samples were analyzed at therapeutic concentrations from 0.

Population pharmacodynamic model of bicarbonate response to acetazolamide in mechanically ventilated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.

Introduction: Acetazolamide is commonly given to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with metabolic alkalosis. Little is known of the pharmacodynamics of acetazolamide in the critically ill. We undertook the pharmacodynamic modeling of bicarbonate response to acetazolamide in COPD patients under mechanical ventilation.