Biomarkers.

Background: Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) has been recognized as one of the morphologic hallmarks of Alzheimer disease (AD). The development of new AD drugs has brought unforeseen challenges that manifest as amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA) appearing as vasogenic edema/effusion (ARIA-E) and cerebral microhemorrhage/hemosiderosis (ARIA-H). The prominence of CAA pathology in aged squirrel monkeys (SQMs), a New World non-human primate model, underlines the importance of advancing this unique species for use in AD and dementia research.

Biomarkers.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder that has impacted millions of people worldwide. Identifying different risk groups converting to AD during the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) stage and determining their genetic basis would be immensely valuable for drug discovery and subsequent clinical treatment. Previous studies typically clustered subgroups by unsupervised learning techniques, neglecting the survival information.

Biomarkers.

Background: FLIO a novel in vivo reproducible, non-invasive imaging technology, measures fluorescence lifetime decay in two spectral channels for short-lived retinal chromophores in two domains: Channel 1 emission wavelength 498-560 nm corresponding to NADH and FAD/ATP function and Channel 2, 560-720 nm wavelength corresponding to lipofuscin/lysosomal function. These data reflect the retinal mitochondrial molecular environment. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been recently explored as a cause of decreased synaptic function and cognitive decline in AD.

Biomarkers.

Background: Tear samples were low-invasive to access and may reflect changes in the brain. We performed an exploratory proteomic analysis using tear samples to identify proteomic signature and potential pathways that may be associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia.

Method: We performed a matched case-control study using tear samples collected from community-dwelling older adults, comprising 13 dementia, as well as 34 MCI and 34 age-, sex-, educational-matched normal cognition (NC) controls (age: 73.

Orientation effect and locational variation in elastic-plastic compressive properties of bovine cortical bone.

Bone is a highly heterogeneous and anisotropic material with a hierarchical structure. The effect of diaphysis locations and directions of loading on elastic-plastic compressive properties of bovine femoral cortical bone was examined in this study. The impact of location and loading directions on elastic-plastic compressive properties of cortical bone was found to be statistically insignificant in this study.

The role of high-resolution cartilage thickness distribution for contact mechanics predictions in the tibiofemoral joint.

Subject-specific finite element models of knee joint contact mechanics are used in assessment of interventions and disease states. Cartilage thickness distribution is one factor influencing the distribution of pressure. Precision of cartilage geometry capture varies between imaging protocols.

A novel numerical approach to elucidate experimental scatter in portal pressure measurement using ultrasound contrast agent.

The use of ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) for estimating portal pressure has recently gained attention due to its clinical promise, yet variability in acoustic amplitude poses challenges. UCAs contain microbubbles (1-10 µm in diameter), and understanding their acoustic response is essential to address this variability. However, systematic exploration of factors influencing microbubble behavior remains limited in current literature.

Biomarkers.

Background: Recent advancements in molecular positron emission tomography (PET) enable precise tracking of tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Tau pathology typically begins focally in the medial temporal lobe, rapidly expanding due to amyloid-β (Aβ) influence. This expansion may lead to neurodegeneration along connected pathways to the tau epicenters, resulting in cognitive decline.

Biomarkers.

Background: In-vivo detection of neuropathology is critical for early diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases. Post-mortem brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of pathological protein inclusions could further our ability to detect them in vivo and correlate MRI parameters to histopathological substrates. In this post-mortem study, we aimed to identify MRI correlates of neurodegenerative disease pathology in a brain with various forms of proteinopathies.

Biomarkers.

Background: The characterization of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and AD related dementias (ADRD) pathophysiology has been revolutionized by the development of highly sensitive blood-based biomarkers. Although blood-based biomarkers allow for greater access, cost effectiveness, and scalability, there are limitations for their implementation in resource-constrained low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and rural settings, where access to equipment, freezers, and assays is often limited. Dried blood spot (DBS) collection emerges as a promising, convenient, and cost-effective method for acquiring blood samples in these contexts, but it is unclear whether highly sensitive assays typically applied to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), plasma, or serum can detect biomarker concentrations accurately.

Electronic Substitution Effect on ESIPT-Driven pH and Amine Sensing: Exploring Mechanism.

It is required to have a more straightforward and easier way to check the quality of food to ensure the safety of the public heaths. The decomposition of meat protein results in ammonia and biogenic amines (BAs).  Here, we have designed and synthesized three luminescent-based probe molecules, which originated from 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl) benzothiazole (HBT) derivatives and showed the excited state-induced proton transfer (ESIPT) phenomenon.

Pulmonary Function Testing in Healthy Infants in Rural Bangladesh: Feasibility Study.

Background: Infant pulmonary function testing (iPFT) in low- and middle-income countries is limited. We evaluated the early feasibility of iPFT in rural Bangladesh.

Methods: Experts established an iPFT laboratory at Zakiganj Upazila Health Complex in Sylhet, Bangladesh and trained staff.

Public Health.

Background: Informant reports are commonly regarded as reliable and supplemental alongside respondent cognitive assessments, particularly in low-literacy settings with absent normative data. We evaluate the performance of the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE) in rural South Africa.

Method: This study utilizes data from the Cognition and Dementia in a Longitudinal Health and Aging Study in South Africa (HAALSI-HCAP).

Public Health.

Background: Previous studies yielded inconsistent results regarding the association between red meat intake and cognitive health. We aimed to prospectively examine the associations between processed and unprocessed red meat intakes and various cognitive outcomes.

Method: We assessed diet intake every 2-4 years using food-frequency questionnaires and ascertained incident dementia cases through self-report and death records in 87,424 participants free from Parkinson's disease or baseline dementia, stroke, cancer from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS).

Public Health.

Background: Growing research suggests that food insecurity is associated with worse cognitive functioning; however, longitudinal studies are needed to examine food insecurity and dementia risk.

Methods: Using data from the 2013-2021 Panel Study of Income Dynamics, the longest running nationally representative household panel survey, we examined the effects of food insecurity on dementia risk among 3,232 adults (≥65 years). Food insecurity was assessed biennially using the US Household Food Security Survey Module since 2015.

Public Health.

Background: Increasing evidence shows a link between arterial calcification in the heart-brain axis and cognitive performance. However, how calcification relates to acceleration of cognitive changes, and which specific cognitive domains are mostly affected, remains unclear. We assessed the impact of calcification in major arteries between the heart and brain on cognitive decline and focused on different cognitive domains.

Public Health.

Background: With the increasing prevalence of obesity and its negative consequences on health, weight management has emerged as a priority for public health. We conducted a study to investigate the association of intentional weight loss through dietary intervention on cognition among older adults participating in the MIND trial.

Method: MIND trial enrolled overweight older adults aged 65-85 years with a family history of dementia but without cognitive impairment and self-reporting a suboptimal diet.

Public Health.

Background: Poor sleep is associated with cognitive decline, and ∼45% of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients experience sleep disturbances. Emerging evidence suggests that reduced non-rapid eye movement (NREM) slow wave sleep (SWS) is linked to amyloid accumulation and APOE ε4-related genetic vulnerability to AD. Here, we investigate the effects of amyloid and APOE status on SWS, and their interaction, in a cohort of cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals at higher risk of AD.

Vesicle-Encapsulated Chemosensing Ensembles Allow Monitoring of Transmembrane Uptake Coupled with Enzymatic Reactions.

Compartmentalized models with coupled catalytic networks are considered as "protocells" in the context of research related to the origin of life. To model the kinetics of a simple cellular uptake-metabolism process, we use a compartmentalized protocell system that combines liposome-encapsulated intravesicular reporter pairs with co-encapsulated enzymes to monitor the membrane transport of a substrate (analyte uptake) and its subsequent enzymatic reaction inside the vesicles (metabolism to the product). The intravesicular chemosensing ensembles consist of the macrocycles cucurbit[7]uril or p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene and matching fluorescent dyes to set up suitable reporter pairs.

Public Health.

Background: Stress has emerged as a risk factor in the development and progression of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). However, there is limited research on the impact cumulative individual and familial stress has on AD. This study aims to investigate the relationship between stress and AD within a global cohort of underrepresented populations including Black Americans (BAs), Hispanic/Latinos (H/Ls), and Africans (As).

Public Health.

Background: Short sleep duration, low physical activity and high sedentary time are associated with higher dementia risk. To date, previous studies have considered these behaviors in isolation, and not as inter-related behaviors part of the 24-h day. Compositional data analysis (CoDA) treats these behaviors as inter-related within a constrained 24hrs.

Public Health.

Background: Dietary factors play a major role in cognitive aging, but few study has compared the associations of major dietary patterns with Alzheimer's disease (AD) mortality and psychometric mild cognitive impairment (p-MCI).

Method: We included 27,773 participants (mean age = 57.0 years, 52.

Public Health.

Background: Higher Mediterranean- DASH for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet scores have previously been associated with larger total brain volume (TBV) in the Framingham Offspring Study (FOS) community-based cohort. We investigated cross-sectional relationships between the MIND diet and structural brain imaging volumes and white matter hyperintensity volume (WMHV) across six community-based cohorts.

Method: We analyzed data from 3130 dementia-, stroke- and other neurological disease free adults (aged 65 to 74) who participated in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort, Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS), Three City (3C) cohort, FOS cohort, Rotterdam Study (RS) or the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) cohort.

Maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy and the risk of childhood asthma by 10 years of age-Evidence from The Generation XXI birth cohort study.

Background: We aimed to investigate the association between maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy and asthma in children by 10 years of age.

Methods: We considered 5585 mother-child pairs enrolled in a population-based birth cohort. Consumption of regular and decaffeinated coffee, black and green tea, and cola beverages before and during pregnancy was obtained through face-to-face interviews within 72 h after giving birth, and total caffeine intake (mg/day) was estimated.

Public Health.

Background: High blood pressure (BP) level and variability has been linked to stroke, cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), cognitive decline, and dementia. However, it is unclear whether sex/gender influences the association of BP level and variability with CSVD. Therefore, we aimed to examine sex-differences in the association of CSVD with 24-h BP level and variability.