Assessment of Stone Complexity for PCNL: A Systematic Review of the Literature, How Best Can We Record Stone Complexity in PCNL?

Introduction: This study aims to systematically review the literature reporting tools for scoring stone complexity and the stratification of outcomes by stone complexity. In doing so, we aim to determine whether the evidence favors uniform adoption of any one scoring system.

Methods: PubMed and Embase databases were systematically searched for relevant studies from 2004 to 2014.

Treatment of a Crohn's disease-related cutaneous facial lesion with topical tacrolimus.

We report a case of an orofacial lesion in Crohn's disease successfully treated with tacrolimus ointment. A 22-year-old woman with Crohn's disease presented with a discharging lesion on the right side of her face. Intraorally, there was a resultant loss of the sulcal depth.

Advanced restorative techniques.

Many alternative techniques are available to ensure the best possible outcome for an implant restoration.

Peri-operative radiotherapy for rectal cancer: the case for a selective pre-operative approach - the third way.

Peri-operative radiotherapy has been used widely in addition to surgery in an attempt to reduce local recurrence (LR) following surgical resection of rectal cancer. Currently different groups follow different approaches with some routinely administering one weeks pre-operative radiotherapy to all cases of operable mobile cancer with others favouring postoperative chemoradiotherapy for selected high risk groups. In this review we bring together the changes in surgery, pathology and imaging that have occurred in recent years and together with the data from recent randomized pre-operative radiotherapy trials propose a logical and optimal way of managing rectal cancer.

Evaluation of emergency caesarean sections--completion of the audit cycle in a Central London teaching hospital.

We set out to complete the audit cycle of caesarean deliveries in order to determine if improvements could be achieved. This was a prospective review of clinical notes in a Central London Teaching Hospital. The study involved 152 women delivering between 18 May and 23 August 1998, and 226 women over the same time period in 1999.

New-onset fecal incontinence after stroke: prevalence, natural history, risk factors, and impact.

Background And Purpose: Fecal incontinence (FI) is a common complication after stroke, yet epidemiological research into this distressing condition is limited. The purpose of this study was to describe the prevalence, natural history, associations, and impact of new-onset FI after stroke.

Methods: Stroke patients in the community-based South London Stroke Register (January 1995 to 2000) without preexisting FI were characterized regarding bowel continence at 7 to 10 days, 3 months, and 1 and 3 years after stroke.

Antiphospholipid antibodies do not a syndrome make.

The association of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) with a poor obstetric history and/or thrombotic event is typical of the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). We report four cases of poor pregnancy outcome where a diagnostic label of APS resulted in delayed recognition of other causes of pregnancy loss. Pregnancy outcomes in these women were not improved with antithrombotic therapy alone.

High incidence of primary tuberculosis.

An usually high rate of both tuberculosis infection and active disease is reported in 11 of 38 nursery children in contact with a case of smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis, emphasising the susceptibility of young children to this disease. This report also underlines some important principles in case finding and disease control.

Dental implants. 7. Basic restorative techniques.

Some restorative techniques for implant supported restorations will be familiar to dentists used to providing conventional crown and bridgework. The differences and principles involved when using implants are identified.

A normal livebirth after intracytoplasmic sperm injection for globozoospermia without assisted oocyte activation: case report.

The successful outcome of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) with round-headed spermatozoa (globozoospermia) is reported. A couple with infertility secondary to globozoospermia received ICSI treatment. Fertilization, cleavage and pregnancy outcomes were recorded.

Identification of hepatitis C virus seroconversion resulting from nosocomial transmission on a haemodialysis unit: implications for infection control and laboratory screening.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) seroconversion was detected by routine screening in a haemodialysis patient, Patient 1. Serological investigations were undertaken over the following 3 months to determine if further transmission to other patients on the unit had occurred. No additional cases were identified.

Testing for HIV antibodies should not be offered on a same-day basis.

Same-day testing for HIV is now offered in 16 of Genitourinary Medicine clinics in the UK and in 31 of those in London, and supposedly offers a reduction in client waiting time and anxiety levels. 'Same-day' is, however, misleading as the majority of same-day testing services provide same-day negative results only, with confirmed positive results being available no earlier than from a routine drop-in clinic. In addition, as most same-day testing services are appointment-based, patients would generally receive their results much sooner if they were to attend a drop-in clinic.

Feasibility of named antenatal HIV screening in an inner city population.

The object of this study was to assess the resource use, feasibility, uptake and consumers' perspective of introducing routine named human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing into an inner city hospital antenatal clinic (St Thomas Hospital, part of Guy's and St Thomas Hospital Trust). Following the introduction of a new service offering routine named HIV testing at booking appointments, the length of the appointments were recorded over a three-month period and compared with appointment lengths in the previously existing service. Women being offered routine named HIV testing were asked to complete a questionnaire before and after their appointment to assess knowledge, attitudes and acceptability of HIV testing.

Women's knowledge and attitudes, and the acceptability of voluntary antenatal HIV testing.

Objective: To assess pregnant women's knowledge of, and attitudes towards, antenatal HIV testing, and its acceptability to them.

Setting: Antenatal clinic at Guy's Hospital, London, six community antenatal clinics and a midwifery group practice.

Population: Eight hundred and forty-three women attending the antenatal clinics.

Short communication: tunnelled central venous catheter insertion via the internal jugular vein using a dedicated portable ultrasound device.

We describe the use of a purpose-built portable ultrasound device to assist puncture of the internal jugular vein during percutaneous insertion of tunnelled central venous catheters such as Hickman lines. In many situations the internal jugular route is safer, faster and less costly in comparison with the subclavian approach. The use of ultrasound allows an accurate initial venous puncture with fewer complications, in the hands of both experienced operators and those less familiar with the internal jugular vein approach.

Bladder carcinomas and normal urothelium universally express gp200-MR6, a molecule functionally associated with the interleukin 4 receptor (CD 124).

Monoclonal antibody MR6 detects gp200-MR6, a molecule functionally associated with the interleukin 4 (IL- 4) receptor. Positive immunolabeling with MAb MR6 was obtained in 28/28 transitional cell carcinomas of the bladder, representing a range of different grades and stages of disease, as well as in all control non-neoplastic urothelia. The expression of mutant p53 protein and epidermal growth factor receptor was detected in 14/28 and 20/28 cases respectively.