Regulatory T cell therapy is associated with distinct immune regulatory lymphocytic infiltrates in kidney transplants.

Background: Adoptive transfer of autologous regulatory T cells (Tregs) is a promising therapeutic strategy aimed at enabling immunosuppression minimization following kidney transplantation. In our phase 1 clinical trial of Treg therapy in living donor renal transplantation, the ONE Study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02129881), we observed focal lymphocytic infiltrates in protocol kidney transplant biopsies that are not regularly seen in biopsies of patients receiving standard immunosuppression.

The Burden of Recurrent Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Across the United Kingdom: Results From a National Snapshot Study.

Background: To investigate the management of recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (rHNSCC) and describe survival outcomes.

Methods: Post hoc subgroup analysis of a retrospective national observational cohort was conducted. All patients with rHNSCC who received a definitive treatment decision between September 1, 2021 and November 30, 2021 were included.

Efficacy and Safety of Cardiac Myosin Inhibitors in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic cardiac disorder characterized by structural and functional abnormalities. Current management strategies, such as medications and septal reduction therapies, have significant limitations and risks. Recently, cardiac myosin inhibitors (CMIs) like mavacamten and aficamten have shown promise as noninvasive treatment options.

Industry updates from the field of stem cell research and regenerative medicine in October 2024.

Latest developments in the field of stem cell research and regenerative medicine compiled from publicly available information and press releases from non-academic institutions in October 2024.

The role of virtual wards in maternity in the United Kingdom.

Virtual wards are an initiative which aims to provide hospital care from the comfort of the patient's own home. Monitoring and additional services, such as intravenous drugs and fluids and blood tests can be undertaken through this system. Although virtual wards have been used in the UK since 2005 in specialties such as General Medicine, General Surgery and Paediatrics, their use in maternity has been more limited.

Mechanical Circulatory Support for Massive Pulmonary Embolism.

Up to 50% of patients with pulmonary embolism (PE) experience hemodynamic instability and approximately 70% of patients who die of PE experience an accelerated cascade of symptoms within the first hours of onset of symptoms, thus necessitating rapid evaluation and intervention. Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and other ventricular assist devices, depending on the hemodynamic derangements present, may be used to stabilize patients with massive PE refractory to initial therapies or with contraindications to other interventions. Given the abnormalities in both pulmonary circulation and gas exchange caused by massive PE, venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation may be considered the preferred form of mechanical circulatory support for most patients.

Conduction System Pacing Following a Double Switch Operation for Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries.

The use of conduction system pacing (CSP) in adults with congenital heart disease (CHD) is growing, however data remain limited. In patients with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries following the double switch operation, existing CSP tools and techniques require modification to allow for the anterior displacement of the atrioventricular node and proximal conduction system in addition to navigating the tortuous route of the atrial redirection. We report the successful use of CSP focusing on the technique of delivery tool modification to allow stability on the basal septum for deployment to the area of the distal His bundle and proximal left bundle branch.

Efficacy of multimodal treatment involving Baclofen, pelvic floor physiotherapy and polysomnography for sleep related painful erections (SRPE): a single centre observational cohort study.

Sleep Related Painful Erections (SRPE) are parasomnias exclusive to Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep, causing sleep disturbances, daytime fatigue, and impaired quality of life. Due to a lack of standardized management, we developed a diagnostic and treatment pathway for this rare condition at our institution. Patients diagnosed with SRPE from 2017-2024 by strict criteria were recruited into our novel pathway.

Management of adult sepsis in resource-limited settings: global expert consensus statements using a Delphi method.

Purpose: To generate consensus and provide expert clinical practice statements for the management of adult sepsis in resource-limited settings.

Methods: An international multidisciplinary Steering Committee with expertise in sepsis management and including a Delphi methodologist was convened by the Asia Pacific Sepsis Alliance (APSA). The committee selected an international panel of clinicians and researchers with expertise in sepsis management.

Phase II randomized study of dostarlimab alone or with bevacizumab versus non-platinum chemotherapy in recurrent gynecological clear cell carcinoma (DOVE/APGOT-OV7/ENGOT-ov80).

Background: Recurrent gynecological clear cell carcinoma (rGCCC) has a low objective response rate (ORR) to chemotherapy. Previous preclinical and clinical data suggest a potential synergy between immune checkpoint inhibitors and bevacizumab in rGCCC. Dostarlimab, a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), combined with the anti-angiogenic bevacizumab, presents a novel therapeutic approach.

Novel Diagnostics in Food Allergy.

Food allergy is increasing in prevalence, and poses significant challenges for individuals and their families, adversely impacting their quality of life. Misdiagnosis can lead to unnecessary dietary and social limitations, and increased food allergy risk, while failure to diagnose may result in life-threatening anaphylaxis. Therefore, a precise diagnosis is of the utmost importance; however, barriers exist at every stage of the diagnostic process.

Urological Outcomes and Adverse Events Following Total Pelvic Exenteration for Locally Advanced and Recurrent Rectal Cancer: A Single Centre Retrospective Study.

Objective: To assess urological complications in patients undergoing total pelvic exenteration (TPE) for locally advanced (LARC) and recurrent rectal cancer (RRC) as publications in this area are limited. Secondary objectives were to assess whether LARC vs RRC or radiation status affected urological outcomes.

Methods: Single-centre, retrospective study of TPE patients between January 2017 and December 2022.

Advances in the pharmacological management of hyperlipidemia through the use of combination therapies.

Introduction: Lipid-lowering therapies are well established for the treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Historically monotherapy studies have been performed, but the introduction of statins has led to these drugs being recognized as baseline therapies and to the investigation of combination therapy of both older and newer medications with them.

Areas Covered: Surrogate marker studies have shown additive effects on LDL-C, triglycerides and HDL-C of combination therapies with statins and these have extended to lipoprotein (a).

A contemporary review of the management strategies for sickle cell disease related ischaemic and stuttering priapism.

Sickle cell disease is one of the most common autosomal recessive genetic disorders with 23% and over 70% of men with this condition, experiencing episodes of ischaemic priapism and stuttering priapism, respectively, with potentially severe consequences. The effective prevention of sickle cell disease induced ischaemic priapism and stuttering priapism requires a multidisciplinary and multimodal approach. A search of the English literature was performed utilising Pubmed® and Google Scholar to identify publications on contemporary and novel treatment options, with their associated treatment outcomes if available, that are utilised to prevent stuttering priapism episodes and hence a fulminant ischaemic priapism.

Histological assessment of extensive or unresectable central giant cell granulomas treated with denosumab - A case series.

Objective: The management of large central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) can pose a significant surgical challenge. In such circumstances, the use of denosumab has been proposed with the literature reporting varying degrees of success. Histopathological assessment of CGCG post-denosumab treatment remains unknown.

Development and validation of a gonadotropin dose selection model for optimized ovarian stimulation in IVF/ICSI: an individual participant data meta-analysis.

Background: The ovarian response to gonadotropin stimulation varies widely among women, and could impact the probability of live birth as well as treatment risks. Many studies have evaluated the impact of different gonadotropin starting doses, mainly based on predictive variables like ovarian reserve tests (ORT) including anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), antral follicle count (AFC), and basal follicle-stimulating hormone (bFSH). A Cochrane systematic review revealed that individualizing the gonadotropin starting dose does not affect efficacy in terms of ongoing pregnancy/live birth rates, but may reduce treatment risks such as the development of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS).

Cap-to-bell stage molar tooth morphogenesis occurs through proliferation-independent sulcus sharpening and condensation-associated tension in the dental papilla.

The anatomy of molar teeth is important both functionally for chewing food and in evolutionary studies as a well-preserved species marker in the fossil record. Molar teeth begin to develop their characteristic biting-surface shape of cusps (peaks) and sulci (valleys) at the bell stage, when corresponding folds in the dental epithelium become apparent. Theories about the developmental mechanisms of cusp and sulcus morphogenesis have hitherto largely focused on the non-proliferating nature of the secondary enamel knots (EKs) at the cusp tips.

Advice and guidance clinics using remote specialist advice to support primary dental care practitioners.

Advice and guidance clinics allow one clinician to seek advice from another using the concept of telemedicine for the provision of real time care, including diagnosis, treatment planning and consulting. While advice and guidance (AAG) is more commonly used in medicine, the service is currently underutilised in dentistry. There is limited evidence regarding the patient outcomes of AAG services and the benefits and drawbacks of this service in dentistry.